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An update on triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Filippo Crea
doi : 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab844
European Heart Journal, Volume 42, Issue 47, 14 December 2021, Pages 4777–4780
The changing Nature of atherosclerosis: what we thought we knew, what we think we know, and what we have to learn
Peter Libby
doi : 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab438
European Heart Journal, Volume 42, Issue 47, 14 December 2021, Pages 4781–4782
Waiting for the light at the end of the COVID-19 tunnel: best and worst moments 1 year into the pandemic
Massimo Mapelli, Silvia Buzzi, Paolo Maggioni
doi : 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab367
European Heart Journal, Volume 42, Issue 47, 14 December 2021, Pages 4783–4786
Nocebo/drucebo effect in statin-intolerant patients: an attempt at recommendations
Peter E Penson, Maciej Banach
doi : 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab358
European Heart Journal, Volume 42, Issue 47, 14 December 2021, Pages 4787–4788
FIGARO-DKD adds new evidence to the cardiovascular benefits of finerenone across the spectrum of patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease
Giovanna Liuzzo, Massimo Volpe
doi : 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab725
European Heart Journal, Volume 42, Issue 47, 14 December 2021, Pages 4789–4790
Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants: metabolic insights, role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and emerging therapeutic strategies—a consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society
Henry N Ginsberg, Chris J Packard, M John Chapman, Jan Borén, Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas, Maurizio Averna, Brian A Ference, Daniel Gaudet, Robert A Hegele, Sander Kersten, Gary F Lewis, Alice H Lichtenstein, Philippe Moulin, Børge G Nordestgaard, Alan T Remaley, Bart Staels, Erik S G Stroes, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, Lale S Tokgözo?lu, Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen, Jane K Stock, Alberico L Catapano
doi : 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab551
European Heart Journal, Volume 42, Issue 47, 14 December 2021, Pages 4791–4806
Recent advances in human genetics, together with a large body of epidemiologic, preclinical, and clinical trial results, provide strong support for a causal association between triglycerides (TG), TG-rich lipoproteins (TRL), and TRL remnants, and increased risk of myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, and aortic valve stenosis. These data also indicate that TRL and their remnants may contribute significantly to residual cardiovascular risk in patients on optimized low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-lowering therapy. This statement critically appraises current understanding of the structure, function, and metabolism of TRL, and their pathophysiological role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Key points are (i) a working definition of normo- and hypertriglyceridaemic states and their relation to risk of ASCVD, (ii) a conceptual framework for the generation of remnants due to dysregulation of TRL production, lipolysis, and remodelling, as well as clearance of remnant lipoproteins from the circulation, (iii) the pleiotropic proatherogenic actions of TRL and remnants at the arterial wall, (iv) challenges in defining, quantitating, and assessing the atherogenic properties of remnant particles, and (v) exploration of the relative atherogenicity of TRL and remnants compared to LDL. Assessment of these issues provides a foundation for evaluating approaches to effectively reduce levels of TRL and remnants by targeting either production, lipolysis, or hepatic clearance, or a combination of these mechanisms. This consensus statement updates current understanding in an integrated manner, thereby providing a platform for new therapeutic paradigms targeting TRL and their remnants, with the aim of reducing the risk of ASCVD.
A possible explanation for the contrasting results of REDUCE-IT vs. STRENGTH: cohort study mimicking trial designs
Takahito Doi, Anne Langsted, Børge G Nordestgaard
doi : 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab555
European Heart Journal, Volume 42, Issue 47, 14 December 2021, Pages 4807–4817
We tested the hypothesis that the contrasting results for the effect of high-dose, purified omega-3 fatty acids on the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in two randomized trials, Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial (REDUCE-IT) vs. Long-Term Outcomes Study to Assess Statin Residual Risk with Epanova in High Cardiovascular Risk Patients with Hypertriglyceridaemia (STRENGTH), can be explained by differences in the effect of active and comparator oils on lipid traits and C-reactive protein.
Investigating contrasting results in REDUCE-IT and STRENGTH: partial answers but questions remain
Kevin C Maki
doi : 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab643
European Heart Journal, Volume 42, Issue 47, 14 December 2021, Pages 4818–4820
Effect of evolocumab on acute arterial events across all vascular territories : results from the FOURIER trial
Kazuma Oyama, Robert P Giugliano, Minao Tang, Marc P Bonaca, Jeffrey L Saver, Sabina A Murphy, Andrea Ruzza, Anthony C Keech, Peter S Sever, Marc S Sabatine, Brian A Bergmark
doi : 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab604
European Heart Journal, Volume 42, Issue 47, 14 December 2021, Pages 4821–4829
We assessed the impact of the proprotein convertase subtilisin–kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor evolocumab on acute arterial events across all vascular territories, including coronary, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular beds, in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).
PCSK9 inhibition for acute arterial events: more than LDL lowering
Carl E Orringer
doi : 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab739
European Heart Journal, Volume 42, Issue 47, 14 December 2021, Pages 4830–4832
Directly measured vs. calculated remnant cholesterol identifies additional overlooked individuals in the general population at higher risk of myocardial infarction
Anette Varbo, Børge G Nordestgaard
doi : 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab293
European Heart Journal, Volume 42, Issue 47, 14 December 2021, Pages 4833–4843
We tested the hypothesis that high directly measured remnant cholesterol is associated with increased risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and myocardial infarction (MI) in the general population. We also explored whether directly measured vs. calculated remnant cholesterol is superior in identifying individuals at increased risk.
Lipoprotein remnants: to be or not to be
Angela Pirillo, Alberico Luigi Catapano
doi : 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab511
European Heart Journal, Volume 42, Issue 47, 14 December 2021, Pages 4844–4846
Macrophage NFATc3 prevents foam cell formation and atherosclerosis: evidence and mechanisms
Xiu Liu, Jia-Wei Guo, Xiao-Chun Lin, Yong-Hua Tuo, Wan-Li Peng, Su-Yue He, Zhao-Qiang Li, Yan-Chen Ye, Jie Yu, Fei-Ran Zhang, Ming-Ming Ma, Jin-Yan Shang, Xiao-Fei Lv, An-Dong Zhou, Ying Ouyang, Cheng Wang, Rui-Ping Pang, Jian-Xin Sun, Jing-Song Ou, Jia-Guo Zhou, Si-Jia Liang
doi : 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab660
European Heart Journal, Volume 42, Issue 47, 14 December 2021, Pages 4847–4861
Our previous study demonstrated that Ca2+ influx through the Orai1 store-operated Ca2+ channel in macrophages contributes to foam cell formation and atherosclerosis via the calcineurin–ASK1 pathway, not the classical calcineurin–nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT) pathway. Moreover, up-regulation of NFATc3 in macrophages inhibits foam cell formation, suggesting that macrophage NFATc3 is a negative regulator of atherogenesis. Hence, this study investigated the precise role of macrophage NFATc3 in atherogenesis.
Two birds, one stone: NFATc3 controls dual actions of miR-204 in foam cell formation
Coen van Solingen, Kathryn J Moore
doi : 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab640
European Heart Journal, Volume 42, Issue 47, 14 December 2021, Pages 4862–4864
The reduction in cardiovascular risk in REDUCE-IT is due to eicosapentaenoic acid in icosapent ethyl
Ph Gabriel Steg, Deepak L Bhatt
doi : 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab760
European Heart Journal, Volume 42, Issue 47, 14 December 2021, Pages 4865–4866
Mineral oil and icosapent ethyl may jointly explain the between arm difference of cardiovascular risk in REDUCE-IT
Takahito Doi, Anne Langsted, Børge G Nordestgaard
doi : 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab764
European Heart Journal, Volume 42, Issue 47, 14 December 2021, Pages 4867–4868
In vivo paradoxical embolism during monitorization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation implantation
Leydimar Anmad Shihadeh, Juan Felipe Ortega Restrepo, Eva Aguilar Blanco, Jorge Solis, Carmen Jiménez López Guarch
doi : 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa1002
European Heart Journal, Volume 42, Issue 47, 14 December 2021, Page 4869
A ‘normotensive’ adult with dysplastic double aortic arch
Xiao Li, Hui Wang
doi : 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa1003
European Heart Journal, Volume 42, Issue 47, 14 December 2021, Page 4870
