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In the Literature
Stan Deresinski
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac931
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages i–ii
New Antifungals for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: What Is Their Role?
Jack D Sobel
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciad002
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 783–785
New antifungals, ibrexafungerp and oteseconazole, are now available for treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Both have novel antimicrobial and pharmacokinetic properties and advantages over fluconazole, although comparative trials have involved only placebo.
Exhaled Breath Aerosol Shedding of Highly Transmissible Versus Prior Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants
Jianyu Lai, Kristen K Coleman, S H Sheldon Tai, Jennifer German, Filbert Hong, Barbara Albert, Yi Esparza, Aditya K Srikakulapu, Maria Schanz, Isabel Sierra Maldonado, Molly Oertel, Naja Fadul, T Louie Gold, Stuart Weston, Kristin Mullins, Kathleen M McPhaul, Matthew Frieman, Donald K Milton
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac846
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 786–794
Aerosol inhalation is recognized as the dominant mode of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. Three highly transmissible lineages evolved during the pandemic.
Changes in the Syphilis Rapid Plasma Reagin Titer Between Diagnosis and Treatment
Katrina Pandey, Christopher K Fairley, Marcus Y Chen, Deborah A Williamson, Catriona S Bradshaw, Jason J Ong, Ei T Aung, Eric P F Chow
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac843
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 795–799
We compared the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) titer on the day of initial presentation with that on the day of syphilis treatment to inform clinical practice as to whether a repeated RPR test should be recommended.
High Frequency of Specific Polysaccharide Antibody Deficiency in Adults With Unexplained, Recurrent and/or Severe Infections With Encapsulated Bacteria
Sarah Stabler, Catherine Lamblin, Sacha Gaillard, Nicolas Just, Mirela Mihailescu, Nathalie Viget, Thierno Sy Ndiaye, Arnaud Dzeing Ella, Guillaume Brunin, Pierre Weyrich, Anne Prevotat, Cécile Chenivesse, Olivier Le Rouzic, Geoffrey Mortuaire, Fanny Vuotto, Karine Faure, Amélie Leurs, Frédéric Wallet, Caroline Loiez, Marie Titecat, Rémi Le Guern, Eric Hachulla, Sébastien Sanges, Nicolas Etienne, Louis Terriou, David Launay, Benjamin Lopez, Mathilde Bahuaud, Frédéric Batteux, Sylvain Dubucquoi, Cyrielle Gesquière-Lasselin, Myriam Labalette, Guillaume Lefèvre, for the DIPANOR network
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac842
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 800–808,
Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) in adults are mainly revealed by recurrent and/or severe bacterial infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate a systematic research strategy of PIDs in adults with unexplained bacterial infections, with a special focus on specific polysaccharide antibody deficiency (SPAD).
Costs Attributable to Clostridioides difficile Infection Based on the Setting of Onset
John M Sahrmann, Margaret A Olsen, Dustin Stwalley, Holly Yu, Erik R Dubberke
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac841
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 809–815
Although hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is associated with significant healthcare costs, the economic burden of CDI with onset in other facilities or the community has not been well studied.
Multiparametric Prediction Models for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Selection: Results of a Comparative Population-Based Cohort Study
Daniela Sieghart, Claudia A Hana, Helmuth Haslacher, Thomas Perkmann, Leonhard X Heinz, Clemens Fedrizzi, Karolina Anderle, Ursula Wiedermann, Irina Condur, Susanne Drapalik, Helmut Steinbrecher, Daniel Mrak, Patrick Mucher, Timothy Hasenoehrl, Andrej Zrdavkovic, Barbara Wagner, Stefano Palma, Galateja Jordakieva, Anselm Jorda, Christa Firbas, Angelika Wagner, Nadja Haiden, Felix Bergmann, Richard Crevenna, Markus Zeitlinger, Michael Bonelli, Daniel Aletaha, Helga Radner
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac840
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 816–823
An understanding vaccine-dependent effects on protective and sustained humoral immune response is crucial to planning future vaccination strategies against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Clinical and Ecological Impact of an Educational Program to Optimize Antibiotic Treatments in Nursing Homes (PROA-SENIOR): A Cluster, Randomized, Controlled Trial and Interrupted Time-Series Analysis
Germán Peñalva, Juan Carlos Crespo-Rivas, Ana Belén Guisado-Gil, Ã�ngel RodrÃguez-Villodres, MarÃa Eugenia Pachón-Ibáñez, Bárbara Cachero-Alba, Blas Rivas-Romero, Josefa Gil-Moreno, MarÃa Isabel Galvá-Borras, Mercedes GarcÃa-Moreno ... Show more
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac834
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 824–832
Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are recommended in nursing homes (NHs), although data are limited. We aimed to determine the clinical and ecological impact of an ASP for NHs.
Medicaid Spending on Antiretrovirals From 2007 Through 2019
Bryan S Walsh, Aaron S Kesselheim, Benjamin N Rome
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac833
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 833–841
Antiretroviral (ARV) medications to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are a major contributor to Medicaid prescription drug spending. Despite having been used for over 3 decades, the first generic ARVs only recently became available, and many newer versions continue to be sold at high prices despite within-class competition. We estimated Medicaid spending on ARVs from 2007 through 2019.
Cognitive Impairment in Tuberculous Meningitis
Angharad G Davis, Anna J Dreyer, Christine Albertyn, Mpumi Maxebengula, Cari Stek, Sean Wasserman, Suzaan Marais, Kathleen Bateman, Mark Solms, John Joska, Robert J Wilkinson, Sam Nightingale
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac831
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 842–849
Cognitive impairment is reported as a common complication in adult tuberculous meningitis (TBM), yet few studies have systematically assessed the frequency and nature of impairment. Moreover, the impact of impairment on functioning and medication adherence has not been described.
Distinguishing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Persistence and Reinfection: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Sarah E Turbett, Christopher H Tomkins-Tinch, Melis N Anahtar, Caitlin M Dugdale, Emily P Hyle, Erica S Shenoy, Bennett Shaw, Kenechukwu Egbuonu, Kathryn A Bowman, Kimon C Zachary, Gordon C Adams, David C Hooper, Edward T Ryan, Regina C LaRocque, Ingrid V Bassett, Virginia A Triant, Katherine J Siddle, Eric Rosenberg, Pardis C Sabeti, Stephen F Schaffner, Bronwyn L MacInnis, Jacob E Lemieux, Richelle C Charles
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac830
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 850–860
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection is poorly understood, partly because few studies have systematically applied genomic analysis to distinguish reinfection from persistent RNA detection related to initial infection.
Limited Weight Impact After Switching From Boosted Protease Inhibitors to Dolutegravir in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus With High Cardiovascular Risk: A Post Hoc Analysis of the 96-Week NEAT-022 Randomized Trial
Laura Waters, Lambert Assoumou, Ana González-Cordón, Stefano Rusconi, Pere Domingo, Mark Gompels, Stephane de Wit, François Raffi, Christoph Stephan, Mar Masiá, Jürgen Rockstroh, Christine Katlama, Georg M N Behrens, Graeme Moyle, Margaret Johnson, Julie Fox, Hans-Jürgen Stellbrink, Giovanni Guaraldi, Eric Florence, Stefan Esser, José M Gatell, Anton Pozniak, Esteban MartÃnez, for the NEAT 022 Study Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac827
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 861–870
In the NEAT022 trial, virologically suppressed persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at high cardiovascular risk switching from protease inhibitors to dolutegravir either immediately (DTG-I) or after 48 weeks (DTG-D) showed noninferior virological suppression and significant lipid and cardiovascular disease risk reductions on switching to dolutegravir relative to continuing protease inhibitors.
Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hospitalization Outcomes and Patient Disposition Differ by Disability Status and Disability Type
Kristie E N Clarke, Kai Hong, Megan Schoonveld, Arlene I Greenspan, Martha Montgomery, JoAnn M Thierry
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac826
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 871–880
Systemic inequities may place people with disabilities at higher risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness or lower likelihood to be discharged home after hospitalization. We examined whether severity of COVID-19 hospitalization outcomes and disposition differ by disability status and disability type.
Impact of Point-of-Care Testing on the Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections in South Africa: Evidence from the HVTN702 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine Trial
Kwabena Asare, Tsion Andine, Nivashnee Naicker, Jienchi Dorward, Nishanta Singh, Elizabeth Spooner, Jessica Andriesen, Farzana Osman, Sinaye Ngcapu, Alain Vandormael, Adrian Mindel, Salim S Abdool Karim, Linda-Gail Bekker, Glenda Gray, Lawrence Corey, Andrew Tomita, Nigel Garrett
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac824
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 881–889
Alternative approaches to syndromic management are needed to reduce rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in resource-limited settings. We investigated the impact of point-of-care (POC) versus central laboratory–based testing on STI treatment initiation and STI adverse event (STI-AE) reporting.
Reference Susceptibility Testing and Genomic Surveillance of Clostridioides difficile, United States, 2012–17
Amy S Gargis, Maria Karlsson, Ashley L Paulick, Karen F Anderson, Michelle Adamczyk, Nicholas Vlachos, Alyssa G Kent, Gillian McAllister, Susannah L McKay, Alison L Halpin, Valerie Albrecht, Davina Campbell, Lauren C Korhonen, Christopher A Elkins, J Kamile Rasheed, Alice Y Guh, L Clifford McDonald, Joseph D Lutgring, the Emerging Infections Program C. difficile Infection Working Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac817
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 890–896
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is not routinely performed for Clostridioides difficile and data evaluating minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) are limited. We performed AST and whole genome sequencing (WGS) for 593 C. difficile isolates collected between 2012 and 2017 through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Emerging Infections Program.
Demographic Representation Among Speakers and Program Committee Members at the IDWeek Conference, 2013–2021
Jasmine R Marcelin, Rohan Khazanchi, Elizabeth Lyden, Kelly A Cawcutt, David R Ha, Narjust Florez, Ravina Kullar, Elizabeth H Ristagno,
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac816
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 897–904
In 2016, the IDWeek program committee was charged with ensuring gender equity in speaker sessions. Whether this charge also resulted in more opportunities for historically underrepresented speakers is unknown.
Overall Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus, Transmission Net of Clearance, and Timing of Transmission
Anthony E Ades, Fabiana Gordon, Karen Scott, Intira J Collins, Thorne Claire, Lucy Pembrey, Elizabeth Chappell, Eugènia Mariné-Barjoan, Karina Butler, Giuseppe Indolfi, Diana M Gibb, Ali Judd
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac270
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 905–912
It is widely accepted that the risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) vertical transmission (VT) is 5%–6% in monoinfected women, and that 25%–40% of HCV infection clears spontaneously within 5 years.
Spontaneous Clearance of Vertically Acquired Hepatitis C Infection: Implications for Testing and Treatment
A E Ades, Fabiana Gordon, Karen Scott, Intira Jeannie Collins, Claire Thorne, Lucy Pembrey, Elizabeth Chappell, Eugènia Mariné-Barjoan, Karina Butler, Giuseppe Indolfi, Diana M Gibb, Ali Judd
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac255
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 913–991
Current guidelines recommend that infants born to women with hepatitis C virus (HCV) viremia be screened for HCV antibody at age 18 months and, if positive, referred for RNA testing at 3 years to confirm chronic infection. This policy is based, in part, on analyses that suggest that 25%–40% of vertically acquired HCV infections clear spontaneously within 4–5 years.
Elimination Means Everyone: Targeting Hepatitis C in Infants and Pregnant Patients
Ravi Jhaveri
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac330
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 920–922
Dual Antiviral Therapy for Persistent Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Associated Organizing Pneumonia in an Immunocompromised Host
Caitlin A Trottier, Beverly Wong, Rakhi Kohli, Cassidy Boomsma, Francis Magro, Sucharita Kher, Christina Anderlind, Yoav Golan
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac847
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 923–925
The management of patients with prolonged viral shedding and coronavirus disease 2019 symptoms remains unclear. Combining antivirals, as practiced in other infections, is theoretically advantageous.
Successful Treatment of Prolonged, Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 Lower Respiratory Tract Disease in a B cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patient With an Extended Course of Remdesivir and Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir
Emily S Ford, William Simmons, Ellora N Karmarkar, Leah H Yoke, Ayodale B Braimah, Johnnie J Orozco, Cristina M Ghiuzeli, Serena Barnhill, Coralynn L Sack, Joshua O Benditt, Pavitra Roychoudhury, Alexander L Greninger, Adrienne E Shapiro, Jennifer L Hammond, James M Rusnak, Mikael Dolsten, Michael Boeckh, Catherine Liu, Guang-Shing Cheng, Lawrence Corey
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac868
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 926–929
A patient with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had persistent, progressive pneumonia with viremia after 5 months of infection despite monoclonal antibodies, intravenous (IV) remdesivir and prolonged oral steroids.
Urine Tenofovir Levels Strongly Correlate With Virologic Suppression in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Tenofovir Alafenamide-Based Antiretroviral Therapy
Kelly A Johnson, Hideaki Okochi, Mireya Arreguin, Joseph Watabe, David V Glidden, Anindita Chattopadhyay, Elizabeth Imbert, Matthew D Hickey, Monica Gandhi, Matthew Spinelli
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac828
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 930–933
We found that urine tenofovir (TFV) levels >1500 ng/mL strongly predict virologic suppression among people with human immunodeficiency virus taking tenofovir alafenamide (odds ratio, 5.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.59–20.14; P = .007).
Anorectal Testing for Mpox Virus Infection in Men Who Have Sex With Men With and Without Proctitis
Eric A Meyerowitz, Inessa Gendlina, Vimi J Desai, Robert Grossberg, Singh R Nair, Beendu Pujar, Paul F Riska, Heather B Root, Justin Toro, Julian A Torres, Liise-anne Pirofski, Barry S Zingman
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac825
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 934–937
We performed anorectal testing in 18 cis-gender men who have sex with men with symptoms consistent with mpox virus (MPXV) infection. We found rectal MPXV DNA in 9/9 with and 7/9 without proctitis. Future study of anorectal testing is needed and may inform the diagnosis and pathogenesis of MPXV disease.
Clinically Adjudicated Reference Standards for Evaluation of Infectious Diseases Diagnostics
Robin Patel, Ephraim L Tsalik, Scott Evans, Vance G Fowler, Sarah B Doernberg, for The Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac829
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 938–943
Lack of a gold standard can present a challenge for evaluation of diagnostic test accuracy of some infectious diseases tests, particularly when the test's accuracy potentially exceeds that of its predecessors.
How Applicable Is the Single-Dose AMBITION Regimen for Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis to High-Income Settings?
Thomas S Harrison, David S Lawrence, Henry C Mwandumba, David R Boulware, Mina C Hosseinipour, Olivier Lortholary, Graeme Meintjes, Mosepele Mosepele, Joseph N Jarvis
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac792
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 944–949
The AmBisome Therapy Induction Optimization (AMBITION-cm) trial, conducted in eastern and southern Africa, showed that a single, high dose (10 mg/kg) of liposomal amphotericin B, given with an oral backbone of fluconazole and flucytosine, was noninferior to the World Health Organization (WHO)–recommended regimen of 7 days of amphotericin B deoxycholate plus flucytosine for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–associated cryptococcal meningitis and has been incorporated into WHO treatment guidelines.
Climate Change and the Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases in the United States
Paul J Edelson, Rachel Harold, Joel Ackelsberg, Jeffrey S Duchin, Steven J Lawrence, Yukari C Manabe, Matt Zahn, Regina C LaRocque
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac697
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 950–956
The earth is rapidly warming, driven by increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and other gases that result primarily from fossil fuel combustion. In addition to causing arctic ice melting and extreme weather events, climatologic factors are linked strongly to the transmission of many infectious diseases.
A 71-year-old Asian Man With a “Honeycomb� Liver Abscess
Edwin Chong Yu Sng, Joel Yee, Ranu Taneja
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac116
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 957–959
Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Dentistry
Martin H Thornhill, Mark Dayer, Bernard D Prendergast, Peter Lockhart, Larry Baddour
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac857
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 960–961
Reply to Thornhill et al
Niko Vähäsarja, Bodil Lund, Aron Naimi-Akbar
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac858
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 961–962
Issues of Noninferiority: The Significance Fallacy
Hiroyuki Nagano, Masataka Kudo, Tetsuro Aita, Takashi Yoshioka
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac845
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 962–963
Reply to Nagano et al
Helena Hammarström, Ola Blennow
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac848
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Page 963
Fosfomycin Oral Step-Down for Escherichia coli Febrile Urinary Tract Infections: Does the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Matter?
Stamatis Karakonstantis, Eleni Billiari
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac832
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 963–964,
Correction to: It Is Time to Determine Tocilizumab's Place in Coronavirus Disease 2019
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac612
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Page 965
Correction to: Identifying Sepsis From Foodborne Hospitalization: Incidence and Hospitalization Cost by Pathogen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac507
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Pages 965–973
Correction to: Multicenter Prospective Study of Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis in Children and Adolescents
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac308
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Page 972
Correction to: Incidence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection Among African Women Using Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate, a Copper Intrauterine Device, or a Levonorgestrel Implant for Contraception: A Nested Randomized Trial
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac309
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Page 972
Correction to: Serological Profiling of Group A Streptococcus Infections in Acute Rheumatic Fever
Blake N Campbell
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac307
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 March 2023, Page 973
