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Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis and Risk for Myocardial Infarction in a Danish Cohort
Andreas Fuchs, MD, PhD; Jørgen Tobias Kühl, MD, PhD, DMSc; Per Ejlstrup Sigvardsen, MD, PhD; Shoaib Afzal, MD, PhD; Andreas Dehlbæk Knudsen, MD, PhD; Mathias Bech Møller, MD, PhD; Martina Chantal de Knegt, MD, PhD; Mathias Holm Sørgaard, MD, PhD; Børge Grønne Nordestgaard, MD, DMSc; Lars Valeur Køber, MD, DMSc; and Klaus Fuglsang Kofoed, MD, PhD, DMSc
doi : 10.7326/M22-3027
April 2023Volume 176, Issue 4
Coronary atherosclerosis may develop at an early age and remain latent for many years.
Assessment of the Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) for Phentermine–Topiramate to Prevent Exposure During Pregnancy
Amir Sarayani, PharmD, MPH, PhD; William Troy Donahoo, MD; Christian Hampp, PhD; Joshua D. Brown, PharmD, PhD; and Almut G. Winterstein, PhD
doi : 10.7326/M22-1743
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved phentermine–topiramate for obesity in 2012 and required a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) to prevent prenatal exposure. No such requirement was introduced for topiramate.
Comparison of Over-the-Scope Clips to Standard Endoscopic Treatment as the Initial Treatment in Patients With Bleeding From a Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Cause
James Y.W. Lau, MD*; Rui Li, MD*; Chen-huan Tan, MMed; Xiu-jing Sun, MD; Hao-jun Song, MSc; Lan Li, MD; Feng Ji, MD; Bu-jiang Wang, MMed; Dong-tao Shi, MD; Wai K. Leung, MD; Imogen Hartley, MBBS BSc (Hons); Alan Moss, MD; Karina Y.Y. Yu, PhD; Bing Y. Suen, BHSc; Peng Li, MD; and Francis K.L. Chan, MD
doi : 10.7326/M22-1783
Current endoscopic methods in the control of acute nonvariceal bleeding have a small but clinically significant failure rate. The role of over-the-scope clips (OTSCs) as the first treatment has not been defined.
Incremental Health Care Costs of Self-Reported Functional Impairments and Phenotypic Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Kristine E. Ensrud, MD, MPH; John T. Schousboe, MD, PhD; Allyson M. Kats, MS; Brent C. Taylor, PhD, MPH; Cynthia M. Boyd, MD, MPH; and Lisa Langsetmo, PhD
doi : 10.7326/M22-2626
Health care systems need better strategies to identify older adults at risk for costly care to select target populations for interventions to reduce health care burden.
Cardiac Arrest During Delivery Hospitalization
Nicole D. Ford, PhD, MPH; Carla L. DeSisto, PhD, MPH; Romeo R. Galang, MD, MPH; Elena V. Kuklina, MD, PhD; Laurence S. Sperling, MD; and Jean Y. Ko, PhD
doi : 10.7326/M22-2750
Estimates of cardiac arrest occurring during delivery guide evidence-based strategies to reduce pregnancy-related death.
Effect of Medicare Advantage on Hospital Readmission and Mortality Rankings
Andrew S. Oseran, MD, MBA; Rishi K. Wadhera, MD, MPP, MPhil; E. John Orav, PhD; and Jose F. Figueroa, MD, MPH
doi : 10.7326/M22-3165
Medicare links hospital performance on readmissions and mortality to payment solely on the basis of outcomes among fee-for-service (FFS) beneficiaries. Whether including Medicare Advantage (MA) beneficiaries, who account for nearly half of all Medicare beneficiaries, in the evaluation of hospital performance affects rankings is unknown.
Worsening Spread of Candida auris in the United States, 2019 to 2021
Meghan Lyman, MD; Kaitlin Forsberg, MPH; D. Joseph Sexton, PhD; Nancy A. Chow, PhD, MS; Shawn R. Lockhart, PhD; Brendan R. Jackson, MD, MPH; and Tom Chiller, MD, MPHTM
doi : 10.7326/M22-3469
Candida auris is an emerging fungal threat that has been spreading in the United States since it was first reported in 2016.
Evolving Real-World Effectiveness of Monoclonal Antibodies for Treatment of COVID-19
Kevin E. Kip, PhD; Erin K. McCreary, PharmD; Kevin Collins, MBA; Tami E. Minnier, MS; Graham M. Snyder, MD, MS; William Garrard, PhD; Jeffrey C. McKibben, MS; Donald M. Yealy, MD; Christopher W. Seymour, MD, MSc; David T. Huang, MD, MPH; J. Ryan Bariola, MD; Mark Schmidhofer, MD; Richard J. Wadas, MD; Derek C. Angus, MD, MPH; Paula L. Kip, PhD; and Oscar C. Marroquin, MD
doi : 10.7326/M22-1286
Treatment guidelines and U.S. Food and Drug Administration emergency use authorizations (EUAs) of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for treatment of high-risk outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19 changed frequently as different SARS-CoV-2 variants emerged.
Effectiveness of Molnupiravir and Nirmatrelvir–Ritonavir in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19
Eric Yuk Fai Wan, PhD*; Vincent Ka Chun Yan, BPharm*; Anna Hoi Ying Mok, MClinPharm*; Boyuan Wang, MPH; Wanchun Xu, MPhil; Franco Wing Tak Cheng, MClinPharm; Francisco Tsz Tsun Lai, PhD; Celine Sze Ling Chui, PhD; Xue Li, PhD; Carlos King Ho Wong, PhD; Philip Hei Li, MBBS; Benjamin John Cowling, PhD; Ivan Fan Ngai Hung, MD; Chak Sing Lau, MD; Ian Chi Kei Wong, PhD; and Esther Wai Yin Chan, PhD
doi : 10.7326/M22-3057
Whether hospitalized patients benefit from COVID-19 oral antivirals is uncertain.
Effect of Thromboprophylaxis on Clinical Outcomes After COVID-19 Hospitalization
Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 have an increased incidence of thromboembolism. The role of extended thromboprophylaxis after hospital discharge is unclear.
doi : 10.7326/M22-3350
Effect of Yoga on Frailty in Older Adults
Julia Loewenthal, MD; Kim E. Innes, MSPH, PhD; Margalit Mitzner, BS; Carol Mita, MLIS; and Ariela R. Orkaby, MD, MPH
doi : 10.7326/M22-2553
Yoga, a multicomponent mind–body practice, improves several domains of physical and psychological health and may affect frailty in older adults.
Assessing Heterogeneity of Treatment Effect in Real-World Data
Jodi B. Segal, MD, MPH*; Ravi Varadhan, PhD, PhD*; Rolf H.H. Groenwold, MD, PhD; Nicholas C. Henderson, PhD; Xiaojuan Li, PhD; Kaori Nomura, MPH, PhD; Sigal Kaplan, PhD; Shirin Ardeshirrouhanifard, PharmD, PhD; James Heyward, MHS; Fredrik Nyberg, PhD; and Mehmet Burcu, PhD
doi : 10.7326/M22-1510
Increasing availability of real-world data (RWD) generated from patient care enables the generation of evidence to inform clinical decisions for subpopulations of patients and perhaps even individuals.
How Would You Manage This Patient With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia?
Gerald W. Smetana, MD; C. Christopher Smith, MD; Ajay Singla, MD; and Howard Libman, MD
doi : 10.7326/M23-0113
Lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are common in older patients assigned male sex at birth, regardless of gender identity, and treatment of these symptoms is therefore common in primary care practice.
Drug Repurposing and Observational Studies: The Case of Antivirals for the Treatment of COVID-19
Miguel A. Hernán, MD; and Julia del Amo, MD
doi : 10.7326/M22-3582
Remdesivir and molnupiravir were the only 2 repurposed antivirals that were approved for emergency use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Both drugs received their emergency use authorization on the basis of a single industry-funded phase 3 trial, which was launched after evidence of in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2.
Cases in Precision Medicine: Is There an Obligation to Return Reinterpreted Genetic Results to Former Patients?
Paul S. Appelbaum, MD; Wylie Burke, MD, PhD; Erik Parens, PhD; Jessica Roberts, JD; Sara M. Berger, MS, CGC; and Wendy K. Chung, MD, PhD
doi : 10.7326/M22-3682
Interpretation of many genetic test results can change over time as new data accumulate. Hence, physicians who order genetic tests may subsequently receive revised reports with important implications for patients' medical treatment—even for patients who are no longer in their care.
Seeing the Positive in Negative Studies
Eliseo Guallar, MD, DrPH; Steven N. Goodman, MD, PhD; A. Russell Localio, PhD; Alisa J. Stephens-Shields, PhD; and Christine Laine, MD, MPH
doi : 10.7326/M23-0576
Self-Rated Health and Ability to Climb Stairs: A Pragmatic Health Assessment Before Lung Cancer Screening
Alison S. Rustagi, MD, PhD; Christopher G. Slatore, MD, MS; and Salomeh Keyhani, MD, MPH
doi : 10.7326/M22-3598
Written by Humans or Artificial Intelligence? That Is the Question
Michiel Schinkel, MD; Ketan Paranjape, MSc, PhD; and Prabath Nanayakkara, MD, PhD
doi : 10.7326/M23-0154
Contemporary Natural History of Coronary Artery Disease
Michael McDermott, MBChB David E. Newby, DM, PhD
doi : 10.7326/M23-0533
What Is the Current Role of an Over-the-Scope Clip Used as First-Line Endoscopic Hemostasis in Patients With Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding?
Alan N. Barkun, MD, MScAli A. Alali, MBBCh, BAO, MSc
doi : 10.7326/M23-0449
Recommended and Prevalent Use of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in a National Population-Based Sample
doi : 10.7326/M22-3051
First-Line Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes With Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists
Sol Carriazo, MD , Alberto Ortiz, MD, PhD , Beatriz Fernandez-Fernandez, MD, PhD
doi : 10.7326/L23-0005
First-Line Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes With Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists
Caroline Hanna, MD , Kenneth Pettersen, MD, MPH , Nathaniel Pedley, MD, MBA
doi : 10.7326/L23-0006
First-Line Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes With Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists
Neda Laiteerapong, MD, MS , Jason Alexander, MD , Louis Philipson, MD, PhD , Aaron N. Winn, PhD , Elbert S. Huang, MD, MPH
doi : 10.7326/L23-0007
Correction: Previously Undisclosed Potential Conflict of Interest by an Author of American College of Physicians Clinical Guidelines
Timothy J. Wilt, MD , Carolyn J. Crandall, MD, MS , Amir Qaseem, MD, PhD, MHA
doi : 10.7326/L23-0043
Periprocedural Anticoagulation
Anna L. Parks, MD , Margaret C. Fang, MD, MPH
doi : 10.7326/AITC202304180
Management of patients taking anticoagulants around the time of a procedure is a common and complex clinical scenario. Providing evidence-based care requires estimation of risk for thrombosis and bleeding, knowledge of commonly used medications, multidisciplinary communication and collaboration, and patient engagement and education.
After PCI and 6 to 18 mo of DAPT, clopidogrel reduced a composite of clinical events vs. aspirin at 6 y
Ellis W. Lader, MD
doi : 10.7326/J23-0019
In older adults with hypertension, chlorthalidone vs. hydrochlorothiazide did not reduce major CV events or deaths at 2.4 y
Chirag Bavishi, MD, MPH
doi : 10.7326/J23-0018
In HF with iron deficiency, IV ferric derisomaltose was associated with lower rates of HF hospitalization or CV death
Joseph B. Lerman, MD , L. Kristin Newby, MD, MHS
doi : 10.7326/J23-0012
In critically ill patients with COVID-19, IL-6 receptor antagonists reduced mortality vs. control at 180 d
Charlotte Fuller, MD , Zain Chagla, MD
doi : 10.7326/J23-0020
In symptomatic isolated DVT, 12 wk vs. 6 wk of rivaroxaban reduced recurrent VTE at 24 mo
Thomas G. DeLoughery, MD
doi : 10.7326/J23-0014
In thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome, DOACs vs. VKAs increase arterial thrombotic events but not major bleeding
Efstratios Koutroumpakis, MD , Anita Deswal, MD, MPH
doi : 10.7326/J23-0016
After PSA screening, MRI-targeted vs. systematic biopsy detected fewer clinically insignificant prostate cancers
Richard M. Hoffman, MD, MPH
doi : 10.7326/J23-0017
In older patients receiving aspirin, H pylori eradication reduced hospitalization or death due to peptic ulcer bleeding at 2.5 y
Abhilash Perisetti, MD , Prateek Sharma, MD
doi : 10.7326/J23-0011
In pituitary adenoma surgery, no vs. perioperative hydrocortisone was noninferior for new-onset adrenal insufficiency
Gunjan Y. Gandhi, MD, MSc
doi : 10.7326/J23-0013
In BPPV, canalith repositioning maneuver increased symptom resolution vs. vestibular suppressants
KoKo Aung, MD, MPH , Thwe Htay, MD
doi : 10.7326/J23-0015
Annals Graphic Medicine - Advocating for Diastole
Ankit Mehta, MD and Tseganesh Selameab, MD
doi : 10.7326/G22-0035
Annals Graphic Medicine - Break the Chain, Stop the Cycle
Zainab Haji, BDS and Hina Inam, FCPS
doi : 10.7326/G22-0041
Annals for Hospitalists Inpatient Notes - Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction�What Hospitalists Need to Know
Sarah K. Adie, PharmD , and Matthew C. Konerman, MD
doi : 10.7326/M23-0588
