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Perspective: The Convergence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Food Insecurity in the United States
Jason M Nagata, Hilary K Seligman, Sheri D Weiser
doi : 10.1093/advances/nmaa126
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2021, Pages 287–290
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, food insecurity has doubled overall and tripled among households with children in the United States. Food insecurity and COVID-19 may exacerbate one another through bidirectional links, leading to a syndemic, or sequential disease clusters, which exacerbate one another.
Perspective: Characterization of Dietary Supplements Containing Calcium and Magnesium and Their Respective Ratio—Is a Rising Ratio a Cause for Concern?
Rebecca B Costello, Andrea Rosanoff, Qi Dai, Leila G Saldanha, Nancy A Potischman
doi : 10.1093/advances/nmaa160
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2021, Pages 291–297
Low magnesium intakes coupled with high calcium intakes and high calcium-to-magnesium (Ca:Mg) intake ratios have been associated with increased risk for multiple chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome, as well as some cancers (colorectal, prostate, esophageal), and total mortality.
Perspective: US Adult Magnesium Requirements Need Updating: Impacts of Rising Body Weights and Data-Derived Variance
Andrea Rosanoff
doi : 10.1093/advances/nmaa140
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2021, Pages 298–304
Adequate magnesium intakes are associated with lower diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk but are low in modern diets. Magnesium DRIs, estimated using standard reference body weights (SRBWs) lower than current mean US adult body weights (BWs), need revision. Magnesium DRIs assume variance at 10% CV, whereas balance study data suggests 20–30% CV.
Perspective: Ketone Supplementation in Sports—Does It Work?
Pedro L Valenzuela, Adri?n Castillo-Garc?a, Javier S Morales, Alejandro Lucia
doi : 10.1093/advances/nmaa130
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2021, Pages 305–315
Oral ketone supplements have gained popularity in recent years. There is biological rationale for a potential ergogenic effect of this type of supplement, as they might not only alter muscle fuel preference during exercise (and promote glycogen sparing, with potential benefits for endurance performance) but also favor cognition performance during exertion or muscle glycogen synthesis after exercise.
Perspective: Prospects for Nutraceutical Support of Intestinal Barrier Function
Mark F McCarty, Aaron Lerner
doi : 10.1093/advances/nmaa139
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2021, Pages 316–324
Impairment of intestinal barrier function is linked to certain pathologies and to aging, and can be a cause of bacterial infections, systemic and hepatic inflammation, food allergies, and autoimmune disorders. The formation and maintenance of intestinal tight junctions is supported by glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), which via insulin-like growth factor I activity boosts phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (PI3K/Akt/mTORC1) signaling in enterocytes.
Perspective: Time-Restricted Eating Compared with Caloric Restriction: Potential Facilitators and Barriers of Long-Term Weight Loss Maintenance
Sydney G O'Connor, Patrick Boyd, Caitlin P Bailey, Marissa M Shams-White, Tanya Agurs-Collins ...
doi : 10.1093/advances/nmaa168
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2021, Pages 325–333
A growing body of literature examines the potential benefits of a time-based diet strategy referred to as time-restricted eating (TRE). TRE, a type of intermittent fasting, restricts the time of eating to a window of 4–12 h/d but allows ad libitum intake during eating windows. Although TRE diets do not overtly attempt to reduce energy intake, preliminary evidence from small studies suggests that TRE can lead to concomitant reduction in total energy, improvements in metabolic health, and weight loss.
Perspective: Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFAS): A Critical Review and Rationale for Inclusion in the Essential Medicines List to Accelerate Anemia and Neural Tube Defects Reduction
Marion L Roche, Kaitlyn L I Samson, Tim J Green, Crystal D Karakochuk, Homero Martinez
doi : 10.1093/advances/nmaa169
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2021, Pages 334–342
Weekly iron and folic acid supplementation (WIFAS) is among the 8 key effective actions for improving adolescent nutrition included by the WHO in the 2018 guidelines. However, at present WIFAS in the WHO-recommended formulation is not included in the Model Essential Medicines List (MEML), limiting the potential for countries to import, produce, and prioritize this formulation as part of their national supply management and procurement plans for medicines.
Perspective: Measuring Sweetness in Foods, Beverages, and Diets: Toward Understanding the Role of Sweetness in Health
Paula R Trumbo, Katherine M Appleton, Kees de Graaf, John E Hayes, David J Baer ...
doi : 10.1093/advances/nmaa151
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2021, Pages 343–354
Various global public health agencies recommend minimizing exposure to sweet-tasting foods or beverages. The underlying rationale is that reducing exposure to the perception of sweet tastes, without regard to the source of sweetness, may reduce preferences for sweetness, added sugar intake, caloric intake, and body weight.
Perspective: Low Risk of Parkinson's Disease in Quasi-Vegan Cultures May Reflect GCN2-Mediated Upregulation of Parkin
Mark F McCarty, Aaron Lerner
doi : 10.1093/advances/nmaa112
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2021, Pages 355–362
Mitochondrial dysfunction in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra (SN) appears to be a key mediating feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), a complex neurodegenerative disorder of still unknown etiology. Parkin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that promotes mitophagy of damaged depolarized mitochondria while also boosting mitochondrial biogenesis—thereby helping to maintain efficient mitochondrial function.
The Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Inflammation in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Pei-Yu Wu, Kuei-Min Chen, Wan-Chi Tsai
doi : 10.1093/advances/nmaa116
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2021, Pages 363–373
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the association between the Mediterranean dietary pattern and inflammation in older adults. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. A search of the literature was conducted up to June 2020 in 7 electronic databases, namely PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and ProQuest. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used to assess the methodological quality. The overall standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% CIs were estimated in random-effects meta-analyses.
Association of Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages or Artificially Sweetened Beverages with Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies
Yan-Bo Zhang, Yi-Wen Jiang, Jun-Xiang Chen, Peng-Fei Xia, An Pan
doi : 10.1093/advances/nmaa110
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2021, Pages 374–383
Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and artificially sweetened beverage (ASB) intakes have been reported to be associated with mortality; however, conclusions have been inconsistent. This review synthesized the evidence on the associations of SSB and ASB intakes with mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer among all populations (including general, diseased, or occupational populations, etc.). PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched up to March 2020.
Intake of Nuts or Nut Products Does Not Lead to Weight Gain, Independent of Dietary Substitution Instructions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials
Liana L Guarneiri, Jamie A Cooper
doi : 10.1093/advances/nmaa113
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2021, Pages 384–401
Several clinical interventions report that consuming nuts will not cause weight gain. However, it is unclear if the type of instructions provided for how to incorporate nuts into the diet impacts weight outcomes. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published nut-feeding trials with and without dietary substitution instructions to determine if there are changes in body weight (BW) or composition.
Tea Drinking and Risk of Cancer Incidence: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies and Evidence Evaluation
Long-Gang Zhao, Zhuo-Ying Li, Guo-Shan Feng, Xiao-Wei Ji, Yu-Ting Tan ...
doi : 10.1093/advances/nmaa117
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2021, Pages 402–412
Here we provide a comprehensive meta-analysis to summarize and appraise the quality of the current evidence on the associations of tea drinking in relation to cancer risk. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched up to June 2020.
A Comprehensive Systematic Review of the Effects of Naringenin, a Citrus-Derived Flavonoid, on Risk Factors for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Fatemeh Naeini, Zahra Namkhah, Alireza Ostadrahimi, Helda Tutunchi, Mohammad Javad Hosseinzadeh-Attar
doi : 10.1093/advances/nmaa106
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2021, Pages 413–428
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common cause of liver dysfunction worldwide. Recently, some natural compounds have attracted growing interest in the treatment of NAFLD. In this context, most attention has been paid to natural products derived from fruits, vegetables, and medicinal herbs. Naringenin, a natural flavanone, has been revealed to have pharmacological effects in the treatment of obesity and associated metabolic disorders such as NAFLD.
Within-Person Variation in Nutrient Intakes across Populations and Settings: Implications for the Use of External Estimates in Modeling Usual Nutrient Intake Distributions
Caitlin D French, Joanne E Arsenault, Charles D Arnold, Demewoz Haile, Hanqi Luo ...
doi : 10.1093/advances/nmaa114
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2021, Pages 429–451
Determining the proportion of a population at risk of inadequate or excessive nutrient intake is a crucial step in planning and managing nutrition intervention programs. Multiple days of 24-h dietary intake data per subject allow for adjustment of modeled usual nutrient intake distributions for the proportion of total variance in intake attributable to within-individual variation (WIV:total).
Planning Nutritionally Adequate Diets for Groups: Methods Used to Develop Recommendations for a Child and Adult Care Food Program
Suzanne P Murphy, Ann L Yaktine, Alicia L Carriquiry
doi : 10.1093/advances/nmaa119
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2021, Pages 452–460
Planning nutritionally adequate intakes for large groups of people presents many challenges. Because of between-person variations in both food choices and nutrient requirements, it is necessary to examine nutrient intake distributions and select a Target Median Intake (TMI) that will lead to a low prevalence of inadequate nutrient intakes. The TMI may then be used to guide a feeding or education program.
Early-Life Nutrition Interventions and Associated Long-Term Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Siran He, Aryeh D Stein
doi : 10.1093/advances/nmaa107
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2021, Pages 461–489
Early-life nutrition interventions can have lifelong cardiometabolic benefits. Most evidence on this topic is derived from observational studies. We evaluated the association of randomized controlled nutritional trials in early life and long-term cardiometabolic outcomes. Through literature search of PubMed, CABI Global Health, Embase, and Cochrane, with manual reference check and weekly alert from PubMed, we identified 8312 records, and included 53 records from 40 cohorts in 21 countries.
The Impact of Protein Supplementation on Appetite and Energy Intake in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Sana Ben-Harchache, Helen M Roche, Clare A Corish, Katy M Horner
doi : 10.1093/advances/nmaa115
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2021, Pages 490–502
Protein supplementation is an attractive strategy to prevent loss of muscle mass in older adults. However, it could be counterproductive due to adverse effects on appetite. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effects of protein supplementation on appetite and/or energy intake (EI) in healthy older adults. MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched up to June 2020.
Quality of the Evidence Supporting the Role of Oral Nutritional Supplements in the Management of Malnutrition: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
Christine Baldwin, Rosemary Smith, Michelle Gibbs, C Elizabeth Weekes, Peter W Emery
doi : 10.1093/advances/nmaa108
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2021, Pages 503–522
There is considerable heterogeneity across the findings of systematic reviews of oral nutritional supplement (ONS) interventions, presenting difficulties for healthcare decision-makers and patients alike. It is not known whether heterogeneity arises from differences in patient populations or relates to methodological rigor. This overview aimed to collate and compare findings from systematic reviews of ONSs compared with routine care in adult patients who were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition with any clinical condition and to examine their methodological quality.
A Critical Review of Multimodal Interventions for Cachexia
Clare McKeaveney, Peter Maxwell, Helen Noble, Joanne Reid
doi : 10.1093/advances/nmaa111
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2021, Pages 523–532
Currently, there are no standardized treatments for cachexia or severe wasting. There is a growing consensus advocating multimodal interventions to address the complex pathogenesis and metabolic alterations in these conditions. This review examined multimodal treatments intended to alleviate and/or stabilize cachexia and severe wasting.
Supplementation of Bovine Colostrum in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Benefits and Contraindications
Micha? Sienkiewicz, Patrycja Szyma?ska, Jakub Fichna
doi : 10.1093/advances/nmaa120
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2021, Pages 533–545
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic relapsing disorders whose etiology has not been fully explained. Therefore, available therapeutic approaches for IBD patients are still insufficient. Current treatment strategies are targeted to immune system dysfunctions, often associated with alternations in the microbiota, which contribute to the development of chronic intestinal inflammation. Therapeutics include anti-inflammatory drugs such as aminosalicylates and corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, antibiotics, and biological agents such as infliximab and vedolizumab. Auxiliary therapies involve a balanced and personalized diet, healthy lifestyle, avoiding stress, as well as dietary supplements. In this review, we discuss the use of bovine colostrum (BC) as a therapeutic agent, including its advantages and contraindications. We summarize our knowledge on well-researched BC constituents and their effects on the gastrointestinal tract as evidenced in in vitro and in vivo studies.
Roles of the Polyphenol–Gut Microbiota Interaction in Alleviating Colitis and Preventing Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer
Yiying Zhao, Qing Jiang
doi : 10.1093/advances/nmaa104
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2021, Pages 546–565
Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiota can promote or inhibit colonic inflammation and carcinogenesis. Promotion of beneficial gut bacteria is considered a promising strategy to alleviate colonic diseases including colitis and colorectal cancer. Interestingly, dietary polyphenols, which have been shown to attenuate colitis and inhibit colorectal cancer in animal models and some human studies, appear to reach relatively high concentrations in the large intestine and to interact with the gut microbial community.
Potential Roles of Adipocyte Extracellular Vesicle–Derived miRNAs in Obesity-Mediated Insulin Resistance
Yujeong Kim, Ok-Kyung Kim
doi : 10.1093/advances/nmaa105
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2021, Pages 566–574
Recently, extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) from adipose tissue have been shown to be involved in the development of insulin resistance. Here, we summarize several mechanisms explaining the pathogenesis of obesity-induced insulin resistance and associated changes in the expression of obesity-associated extracellular miRNAs. We discuss how miRNAs, particularly miR-27a, miR-34a, miR-141-3p, miR-155, miR210, and miR-222, in extracellular vesicles secreted from the adipose tissue can affect the insulin signaling pathway in metabolic tissue. Understanding the role of these miRNAs will further support the development of therapeutics for obesity and metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes.
Letter to the Editor on “Systematic Review of Diets Enriched in Oleic Acid and Obesity”
Hamidreza Raeisi-Dehkordi, Mostafa Dianatinasab, Mojgan Amiri
doi : 10.1093/advances/nmab005
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2021, Pages 575–576
Reply to H. Raeisi-Dehkordi et al.
Helda Tutunchi, Alireza Ostadrahimi
doi : 10.1093/advances/nmab006
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2021, Pages 577–578
Corrigendum to: Optimizing Adult Protein Intake During Catabolic Health Conditions
doi : 10.1093/advances/nmaa129
Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2021, Page 578
