| Circulatory |
| Reduced systemic vascular resistance |
| Reduced arterial pressure |
| Increased heart rate |
| Increased cardiac index |
| Increased plasma volume |
| Reduced renal blood flow |
| Increased portal blood flow |
|
| Vascular |
| Splanchnic vasodilation |
| Renal artery vasoconstriction |
| Pulmonary vasodilation |
|
| Functional |
| Activation of systemic vasodilator factors |
| Activation of systemic vasoconstrictor factors |
| Activation of renal vasodilator factors |
| Reduced glomerular filtration rate |
|
| Biochemical |
| Sodium retention |
| Water retention |
| Increased systemic nitric oxide |
| Increased systemic prostaglandins |
| Increased renal nitric oxide and prostaglandins |
|
