Cause | Example |
Organic | Colorectal cancer, extraintestinal mass, postinflammatory, ischemic, or surgical stenosis |
Endocrine or metabolic | Diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hypercalcemia, porphyria, chronic renal insufficiency, panhypopituitarism, pregnancy |
Neurologic | Spinal cord injury, Parkinson disease, paraplegia, multiple sclerosis, autonomic neuropathy, Hirschsprung disease, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction |
Myogenic | Myotonic dystrophy, dermatomyositis, scleroderma, amyloidosis, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction |
Anorectal | Anal fissure, anal strictures, inflammatory bowel disease, proctitis |
Drugs | Opiates, antihypertensive agents, tricyclic antidepressants, iron preparations, antiseizure medications, anti-Parkinsonian agents (anticholinergic or dopaminergic), barium |
Diet or lifestyle | Low-fiber diet, dehydration, inactive lifestyle |
آیا می خواهید مدیلیب را به صفحه اصلی خود اضافه کنید؟