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خرید پکیج
تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده : 3 مورد
نسخه الکترونیک
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Agents used to treat the common cold and its symptoms, their efficacy and their safety in pregnancy, continued

Agents used to treat the common cold and its symptoms, their efficacy and their safety in pregnancy, continued
Agent Effect in randomly controlled trial
(not pregnant)
Pregnancy data
Decongestants

Intranasal:

Oxymetazoline

Xylometazoline

Pheniramine

Short-lived mild relief of obstruction with single use. No evidence of sustained effects.

Spray decongestants associated with rebound effects upon withdrawal.

Most commonly used decongestants are in need of further study before they can be definitively considered safe in pregnancy. Present data is variable but these agents probably represent a low risk.

Oxymetazoline is the preferred intranasal agent, but use for mild symptoms should be discouraged in pregnancy. No clear human teratogenic effect and no effect on uterine blood flow in the setting of normal nasal mucosa but concerns exist about its possible effects on uterine blood flow in the setting of overuse, inflamed nasal mucosa and in cases were poor placental perfusion is already suspected.

Pseudoephedrine should be avoided in the first trimester. Two studies have suggested an increased risk of gastroschisis. Later in pregnancy, it is probably the preferred oral agent among the oral decongestants. This agent is less likely to raise blood pressure than the other oral decongestants.

Ephedrine is teratogenic in chicks even at small doses. There is no evidence of human teratogenesis, but data are limited.

Phenylephrine has been associated with a wide range of congenital anomalies in humans and dramatic effects on uterine blood flow in sheep. This agent should be avoided at all stages of pregnancy. The uterine vessels are maximally dilated and have only alpha-adrenergic receptors. The alpha-adrenergic stimulant phenylephrine will cause constriction of these vessels, resulting in reduced uterine blood flow, fetal hypoxia, and subsequent bradycardia.

Oral:

Pseudoephedrine

Ephedrine

Phenylephrine
Graphic 77865 Version 8.0

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