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Acetaminophen (paracetamol), isometheptene, and dichloralphenazone: Drug information

Acetaminophen (paracetamol), isometheptene, and dichloralphenazone: Drug information
(For additional information see "Acetaminophen (paracetamol), isometheptene, and dichloralphenazone: Patient drug information")

For abbreviations, symbols, and age group definitions used in Lexicomp (show table)
ALERT: US Boxed Warning
Hepatotoxicity:

This product contains acetaminophen. Severe liver damage may occur if a person takes: more than 4,000 mg of acetaminophen in 24 hours; with other drugs containing acetaminophen; with 3 or more alcoholic drinks every day while using this product.

Pharmacologic Category
  • Analgesic, Nonopioid;
  • Sedative;
  • Sympathomimetic
Dosing: Adult
Migraine

Migraine: Oral: Two capsules to start, followed by 1 capsule every hour until relief is obtained (maximum: 5 capsules per 12 hours).

Tension headache

Tension headache: Oral: 1 to 2 capsules every 4 hours (maximum: 8 capsules/day).

Dosage adjustment for concomitant therapy: Significant drug interactions exist, requiring dose/frequency adjustment or avoidance. Consult drug interactions database for more information.

Dosing: Kidney Impairment: Adult

Mild to moderate impairment: There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling.

Severe impairment: Use is contraindicated.

Dosing: Hepatic Impairment: Adult

Use is contraindicated.

Dosing: Older Adult

Refer to adult dosing.

Adverse Reactions

The following adverse drug reactions and incidences are derived from product labeling unless otherwise specified. Frequency not defined.

Central nervous system: Dizziness (transient)

Dermatologic: Skin rash

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to isometheptene, dichloralphenazone, acetaminophen, or any component of the formulation; cardiovascular or cerebrovascular insufficiency (eg, recent MI, stroke); glaucoma; severe renal disease; hypertension; organic heart disease; peripheral vascular disease; hepatic disease; concomitant monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) therapy

Significant drug interactions exist, requiring dose/frequency adjustment or avoidance. Consult drug interactions database for more information.

Warnings/Precautions

Concerns related to adverse events:

• CNS depression: May cause CNS depression, which may impair physical or mental abilities; patients must be cautioned about performing tasks that require mental alertness (eg, operating machinery or driving).

• Hepatotoxicity: [U.S. Boxed Warning]: Acetaminophen may cause severe hepatotoxicity, potentially requiring liver transplant or resulting in death; hepatotoxicity is usually associated with excessive acetaminophen intake (>4 g/day). Risk is increased with alcohol use (eg, ≥3 drinks per day), preexisting liver disease, and intake of more than one source of acetaminophen-containing medications. Chronic daily dosing in adults has also resulted in liver damage in some patients.

• Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity and anaphylactic reactions have been reported with acetaminophen use; discontinue immediately if symptoms of allergic or hypersensitivity reactions occur.

• Skin reactions: Rarely, acetaminophen may cause serious and potentially fatal skin reactions such as acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Discontinue treatment if severe skin reactions develop.

Disease-related concerns:

• Cardiovascular disease: Use is contraindicated in cardiovascular or cerebrovascular insufficiency (eg, recent MI, stroke), hypertension, organic heart disease, and peripheral vascular disease.

• G6PD deficiency: Use with caution in patients with known G6PD deficiency; rare reports of hemolysis have occurred with acetaminophen use.

• Hepatic impairment: Use is contraindicated in patients with hepatic disease.

• Renal impairment: Use is contraindicated in patients with severe renal disease.

Other warning/precautions:

• Dosage limit: Limit acetaminophen dose from all sources (prescription, OTC) ≤4 g/day (adults).

Generic Equivalent Available: US

May be product dependent

Pricing: US

Capsules (Isometheptene-Dichloral-APAP Oral)

65-100-325 mg (per each): $4.60

Disclaimer: A representative AWP (Average Wholesale Price) price or price range is provided as reference price only. A range is provided when more than one manufacturer's AWP price is available and uses the low and high price reported by the manufacturers to determine the range. The pricing data should be used for benchmarking purposes only, and as such should not be used alone to set or adjudicate any prices for reimbursement or purchasing functions or considered to be an exact price for a single product and/or manufacturer. Medi-Span expressly disclaims all warranties of any kind or nature, whether express or implied, and assumes no liability with respect to accuracy of price or price range data published in its solutions. In no event shall Medi-Span be liable for special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages arising from use of price or price range data. Pricing data is updated monthly.

Controlled Substance

C-IV

Administration: Adult

Oral: Administer without regard to food.

Use: Labeled Indications

Headache: Relief of tension headache and vascular headache (potentially effective for relief of migraine headache).

Medication Safety Issues
Sound-alike/look-alike issues:

Midrin may be confused with midodrine, Mydfrin

Other safety concerns:

Duplicate therapy issues: This product contains acetaminophen, which may be a component of other combination products. Do not exceed the maximum recommended daily dose of acetaminophen.

Metabolism/Transport Effects

Refer to individual components.

Drug Interactions

Note: Interacting drugs may not be individually listed below if they are part of a group interaction (eg, individual drugs within “CYP3A4 Inducers [Strong]” are NOT listed). For a complete list of drug interactions by individual drug name and detailed management recommendations, use the Lexicomp drug interactions program by clicking on the “Launch drug interactions program” link above.

Alcohol (Ethyl): May enhance the hepatotoxic effect of Acetaminophen. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Alpha1-Blockers: May diminish the vasoconstricting effect of Alpha-/Beta-Agonists. Similarly, Alpha-/Beta-Agonists may antagonize Alpha1-Blocker vasodilation. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Atomoxetine: May enhance the hypertensive effect of Sympathomimetics. Atomoxetine may enhance the tachycardic effect of Sympathomimetics. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Bromocriptine: May enhance the hypertensive effect of Alpha-/Beta-Agonists. Management: Consider alternatives to this combination when possible. If combined, monitor for hypertension and tachycardia, and do not coadminister these agents for more than 10 days. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Busulfan: Acetaminophen may increase the serum concentration of Busulfan. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Cannabinoid-Containing Products: May enhance the tachycardic effect of Sympathomimetics. Risk C: Monitor therapy

CarBAMazepine: May increase the metabolism of Acetaminophen. This may 1) diminish the effect of acetaminophen; and 2) increase the risk of liver damage. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Chloroprocaine (Systemic): May enhance the hypertensive effect of Alpha-/Beta-Agonists. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Cocaine (Topical): May enhance the hypertensive effect of Sympathomimetics. Management: Consider alternatives to use of this combination when possible. Monitor closely for substantially increased blood pressure or heart rate and for any evidence of myocardial ischemia with concurrent use. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Dapsone (Topical): May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Dasatinib: Acetaminophen may enhance the hepatotoxic effect of Dasatinib. Dasatinib may increase the serum concentration of Acetaminophen. Management: Avoid coadministration of acetaminophen and dasatinib if possible. If coadministration is unavoidable, monitor for signs/symptoms of hepatotoxicity, particularly in patients with greater acetaminophen exposure. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Doxofylline: Sympathomimetics may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Doxofylline. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Ergot Derivatives (Vasoconstrictive CYP3A4 Substrates): May enhance the vasoconstricting effect of Alpha-/Beta-Agonists. Risk X: Avoid combination

Flucloxacillin: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Acetaminophen. Specifically, the risk for high anion gap metabolic acidosis may be increased. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Fosphenytoin-Phenytoin: May decrease the serum concentration of Acetaminophen. Specifically, serum concentrations of acetaminophen may be decreased (leading to decreased efficacy), but the formation of the toxic N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) metabolite may be increased (leading to increased hepatotoxicity). Risk C: Monitor therapy

Guanethidine: May enhance the arrhythmogenic effect of Sympathomimetics. Guanethidine may enhance the hypertensive effect of Sympathomimetics. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Imatinib: Acetaminophen may enhance the hepatotoxic effect of Imatinib. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (Anti-PD-1, -PD-L1, and -CTLA4 Therapies): Acetaminophen may diminish the therapeutic effect of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (Anti-PD-1, -PD-L1, and -CTLA4 Therapies). Risk C: Monitor therapy

Isoniazid: May enhance the hepatotoxic effect of Acetaminophen. Isoniazid may increase the metabolism of Acetaminophen. Specifically, formation of the hepatotoxic NAPQI metabolite may be increased. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Kratom: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Sympathomimetics. Risk X: Avoid combination

LamoTRIgine: Acetaminophen may decrease the serum concentration of LamoTRIgine. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Levothyroxine: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Sympathomimetics. Specifically, the risk of coronary insufficiency may be increased in patients with coronary artery disease. Levothyroxine may enhance the therapeutic effect of Sympathomimetics. Sympathomimetics may enhance the therapeutic effect of Levothyroxine. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Lisuride: May enhance the hypertensive effect of Alpha-/Beta-Agonists. Risk X: Avoid combination

Local Anesthetics: Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Local Anesthetics. Specifically, the risk for methemoglobinemia may be increased. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Lorlatinib: May decrease the serum concentration of Acetaminophen. Risk C: Monitor therapy

MetyraPONE: May increase the serum concentration of Acetaminophen. More importantly, by inhibiting the conjugative metabolism of acetaminophen, metyrapone may shift the metabolism towards the oxidative route that produces a hepatotoxic metabolite. Risk X: Avoid combination

Mipomersen: Acetaminophen may enhance the hepatotoxic effect of Mipomersen. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Mitapivat: May decrease the serum concentration of UGT1A1 Substrates. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Isometheptene. Risk X: Avoid combination

Nitric Oxide: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents. Combinations of these agents may increase the likelihood of significant methemoglobinemia. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Ozanimod: May enhance the hypertensive effect of Sympathomimetics. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Pergolide: May enhance the hypertensive effect of Alpha-/Beta-Agonists. Risk C: Monitor therapy

PHENobarbital: May increase the metabolism of Acetaminophen. Specifically, formation of the hepatotoxic NAPQI metabolite may be increased. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Phenylephrine (Systemic): Acetaminophen may increase the serum concentration of Phenylephrine (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy

Prilocaine: Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Prilocaine. Combinations of these agents may increase the likelihood of significant methemoglobinemia. Management: Monitor patients for signs of methemoglobinemia (e.g., hypoxia, cyanosis) when prilocaine is used in combination with other agents associated with development of methemoglobinemia. Avoid lidocaine/prilocaine in infants receiving such agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Primidone: May increase the metabolism of Acetaminophen. Specifically, formation of the hepatotoxic NAPQI metabolite may be increased. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Probenecid: May increase the serum concentration of Acetaminophen. Probenecid may also limit the formation of at least one major non-toxic metabolite, possibly increasing the potential for formation of the toxic NAPQI metabolite. Management: Consider limiting acetaminophen use in combination with probenecid. Probenecid may reduce clearance of acetaminophen to one of its non-toxic metabolities, increasing the risk for acetaminophen toxicity, even a lower doses. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

RifAMPin: May enhance the hepatotoxic effect of Acetaminophen. RifAMPin may decrease the serum concentration of Acetaminophen. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors: May enhance the tachycardic effect of Alpha-/Beta-Agonists. Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors may enhance the vasopressor effect of Alpha-/Beta-Agonists. Management: If possible, avoid coadministration of direct-acting alpha-/beta-agonists and serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. If coadministered, monitor for increased sympathomimetic effects (eg, increased blood pressure, chest pain, headache). Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Sodium Nitrite: Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Sodium Nitrite. Combinations of these agents may increase the likelihood of significant methemoglobinemia. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Solriamfetol: Sympathomimetics may enhance the hypertensive effect of Solriamfetol. Sympathomimetics may enhance the tachycardic effect of Solriamfetol. Risk C: Monitor therapy

SORAfenib: Acetaminophen may enhance the hepatotoxic effect of SORAfenib. SORAfenib may increase the serum concentration of Acetaminophen. Management: Avoid coadministration of acetaminophen and sorafenib if possible. If coadministration is unavoidable, monitor for signs/symptoms of hepatotoxicity, particularly in patients with greater acetaminophen exposure. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Spironolactone: May diminish the vasoconstricting effect of Alpha-/Beta-Agonists. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Sympathomimetics: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of other Sympathomimetics. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Tedizolid: May enhance the hypertensive effect of Sympathomimetics. Tedizolid may enhance the tachycardic effect of Sympathomimetics. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Tricyclic Antidepressants: May enhance the vasopressor effect of Alpha-/Beta-Agonists. Management: Avoid, if possible, the use of alpha-/beta-agonists in patients receiving tricyclic antidepressants. If combined, monitor for evidence of increased pressor effects and consider reductions in initial dosages of the alpha-/beta-agonist. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Vaccines: Acetaminophen may diminish the therapeutic effect of Vaccines. Management: Consider avoiding routine prophylactic use of acetaminophen before or during vaccine administration when possible. Acetaminophen is still recommended to treat fevers and/or pain that occurs after vaccination. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Vasopressin: Alpha-/Beta-Agonists (Direct-Acting) may enhance the hypertensive effect of Vasopressin. The effect of other hemodynamic parameters may also be enhanced. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Vitamin K Antagonists (eg, warfarin): Acetaminophen may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists. This appears most likely with daily acetaminophen doses exceeding 1.3 or 2 g/day for multiple consecutive days. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Pregnancy Considerations

Refer to individual monographs.

Breastfeeding Considerations

Refer to individual monographs.

Monitoring Parameters

Relief of pain

Mechanism of Action

Acetaminophen: Although not fully elucidated, the analgesic effects are believed to be due to activation of descending serotonergic inhibitory pathways in the CNS. Interactions with other nociceptive systems may be involved as well (Smith 2009). Antipyresis is produced from inhibition of the hypothalamic heat-regulating center.

Dichloralphenazone: Prodrug, converted to chloral hydrate (sedative) and antipyrine (analgesic/antipyretic) that reduces patient’s emotional response to painful stimuli

Isometheptene: A sympathomimetic that reduces stimuli leading to vascular headaches via constriction of dilated cranial and cerebral arterioles

Pharmacokinetics (Adult Data Unless Noted)

Refer to the Acetaminophen monograph.

Brand Names: International
International Brand Names by Country
For country code abbreviations (show table)

  • (KR) Korea, Republic of: Aperon | Daccorin | Dipain | Extrin m | Headen | Id | Idea | Isopain | Kaipen | Migaphen | Migrene | Mydran | Mydrin | Negaphen | Tamifen;
  • (PR) Puerto Rico: Amidrine | Duradrin | Isometheptene Dichloral APAP | Isometheptene mucate, dichloralphenazone and acetaminophen | Midchlor | Midrin | Migquin | Migragesic ida | Migraine | Migratine | Migrazone | Migrin-a | Nodolor
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  2. Caldeira D, Costa J, Barra M, Pinto FJ, Ferreira JJ. How safe is acetaminophen use in patients treated with vitamin K antagonists? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Thromb Res. 2015; 135(1):58-61. [PubMed 25456003]
  3. Gadisseur AP, Van Der Meer FJ, and Rosendaal FR, "Sustained Intake of Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) During Oral Anticoagulant Therapy With Coumarins Does Not Cause Clinically Important INR Changes: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial," J Thromb Haemost, 2003, 1(4):714-7. [PubMed 12871405]
  4. Gebauer MG, Nyfort-Hansen K, Henschke PJ, et al, "Warfarin and Acetaminophen Interaction," Pharmacotherapy, 2003, 23(1):109-12. [PubMed 12523469]
  5. Hylek EM, Heiman H, Skates SJ, et al, "Acetaminophen and Other Risk Factors for Excessive Warfarin Anticoagulation," JAMA, 1998, 279(9):657-62. [PubMed 9496982]
  6. Isometheptene mucate/dichloralphenazone/acetaminophen [prescribing information]. Magnolia, TX: Macoven Pharmaceuticals; June 2013.
  7. Kwan D, Bartle WR, and Walker SE, "The Effects of Acetaminophen on Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Warfarin," J Clin Pharmacol, 1999, 39(1):68-75. [PubMed 9987702]
  8. Kwan D, Bartle WR, and Walker SE, "The Effects of Acute and Chronic Acetaminophen Dosing on the Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of (R)- and (S)-Warfarin," Clin Pharmacol Ther, 1995, 57:212.
  9. Lee WM, "Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity," N Engl J Med, 1995, 333(17):1118-27. [PubMed 7565951]
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  11. Mehlisch DR, Aspley S, Daniels SE, et al, "Comparison of the Analgesic Efficacy of Concurrent Ibuprofen and Paracetamol With Ibuprofen or Paracetamol Alone in the Management of Moderate to Severe Acute Postoperative Dental Pain in Adolescents and Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Single-Dose, Two-Center, Modified Factorial Study," Clin Ther, 2010, 32(5):882-95. [PubMed 20685496]
  12. Nodolor (isometheptene mucate/dichloralphenazone/acetaminophen) [prescribing information]. Magnolia, TX: Macoven Pharmaceuticals; June 2013.
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  16. van den Bemt PM, Geven LM, Kuitert NA, et al, "The Potential Interaction Between Oral Anticoagulants and Acetaminophen in Everyday Practice," Pharm World Sci, 2002, 24(5):201-4. [PubMed 12426965]
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