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Stroke-related delirium
Mohamed Al-Khaled
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117250
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117250
Innovation in resident education – Description of the Neurology International Residents Videoconference and Exchange (NIRVE) program
Priti Gros, Dalia Rotstein, Mark Kinach, David K. Chan, ... Sanskriti Sasikumar
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117222
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117222
There is considerable heterogeneity in residency education around the world. The Neurology International Residents Videoconference and Exchange (NIRVE) program aims to deliver neurology educational content to residents across different resource settings and countries through a monthly videoconferencing platform. Its purpose is to fill gaps in didactic teaching, increase exposure to a variety of cases including various practices and delivery of neurology in multiple countries, as well as integrate global health content into neurology education.
Cerebral micro-infarcts; the hidden missing link to vascular cognitive decline
Asaf Honig, Ronen R. Leker
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117171
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117171
Guillain Barré Syndrome and its variants as a manifestation of COVID-19: A systematic review of case reports and case series
Shitiz Sriwastava, Saurabh Kataria, Medha Tandon, Jenil Patel, ... Robert P. Lisak
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117263
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117263
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-COV-2 began in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Reports of COVID-19 with central (CNS) and peripheral nervous (PNS) system manifestations are emerging. In this systematic review, we compared and summarized the demographics, clinical features, Brighton criteria, immunological and laboratory findings with a focus on modified Erasmus GBS Outcome Score (mEGOS) in SARS-CoV-2 patients with GBS and its variants.
A hypothesis-generating scoping review of miRs identified in both multiple sclerosis and dementia, their protein targets, and miR signaling pathways
Aditi Vian Varma-Doyle, Walter J. Lukiw, Yuhai Zhao, Jesus Lovera, Deidre Devier
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117202
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117202
Cognitive impairment (CI) is a frequent complication affecting people with multiple sclerosis (MS). The causes of CI in MS are not fully understood. Besides MRI measures, few other biomarkers exist to help us predict the development of CI and understand its biology.
The TRANSCENDS program: Rationale and overview
Raelle Tagge, Daniel T. Lackland, Bruce Ovbiagele
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117218
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117218
Early-career academic faculty from underrepresented minority groups are under-represented among medical school faculty, less likely to receive research grants, less likely to be promoted, and report lower career satisfaction. The Training in Research for Academic Neurologists to Sustain Careers and Enhance the Numbers of Diverse Scholars (TRANSCENDS) program was established as a research training and mentoring program to foster careers of diverse early-career individuals in neurology.
Toxoplasmosis of the central nervous system: Manifestations vary with immune responses
Alice K. Graham, Crystal Fong, Asghar Naqvi, Jian-Qiang Lu
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117223
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117223
Toxoplasmosis is an opportunistic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii (TG), which affects one third of the global human population and commonly involves the central nervous system (CNS)/brain despite the so-called CNS immune privilege. Symptomatic clinical disease of TG infection is much more commonly associated with immunodeficiency; clinicopathological manifestations of CNS toxoplasmosis are linked to individual immune responses including the CNS infiltration of T-cells that are thought to prevent the disease.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Shabeer Paul, Gouranga Prasad Mondal, Ramesh Bhattacharyya, Kartik Chandra Ghosh, Imtiyaz Ahmad Bhat
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117225
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117225
The disease concept of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders(NMOSD) has undergone a significant change over the last two decades including the detection of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein(MOG) antibody in patients who are seronegative for aquaporin-4 antibody. Aquaporin-4 antibody positive NMOSD is now regarded as an immune astrocytopathy. Conversely, MOG antibody associated disease is known to target myelin rather than astrocytes, leading to an NMOSD syndrome with distinct clinical and radiological features.
The relationship between neurofilament light chain and cognition in neurological disorders: A scoping review
Sanghamithra Ramani, Jason A. Berard, Lisa A.S. Walker
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117229
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117229
Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is an emerging biomarker of neural degeneration. NfL is an integral component of axons and is released into the bloodstream and cerebrospinal fluid during neurodegeneration; hence it can be used to monitor disease progression. Given that several neurological disorders are accompanied by cognitive decline, recent literature has investigated the relationship between NfL levels and cognition.
Effects of uncomfortable care and histamine H2-antagonists on delirium in acute stroke: A propensity score analysis
Tomoki Nakamizo, Toshie Kanda, Yosuke Kudo, Eriko Sugawara, ... Ken Johkura
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117251
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117251
Uncomfortable care and histamine H2 antagonist (H2A) are implicated in precipitating delirium. In acute stroke, however, the need for them depends on stroke severity, an established risk factor for delirium. So, it is unclear whether care or H2A itself is responsible for delirium. We aimed to evaluate their causal effects on delirium in acute stroke patients.
Radiographic horizontal gaze deviation in the setting of acute PICA territory ischemia: A potential mimic of large vessel occlusion
Nan N. Jiang, Demetrios J. Sahlas, Crystal Fong, Wei Wu, ... Ramiro Larrazabal
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117226
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117226
Horizontal gaze deviation (HGD) is a predictor of acute large vessel occlusion (LVO) and helps to expedite the triage of patients to CTA and endovascular-capable sites. Patients with acute cerebellar ischemia, particularly involving the PICA territory, can also exhibit HGD.
Location of emotional corticobulbar tract in the internal capsule
Shigeki Kameyama, Hiroshi Masuda, Hiroshi Shirozu
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117228
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117228
Emotional facial paresis (EFP) is a rare neurological symptom with intact volitional facial movement. The exact location of emotional corticobulbar tract remains unclear. EFP was frequently recognized following the surgery of stereotactic radiofrequency thermocoagulation for hypothalamic hamartoma in 84.5% of 58 patients. To examine our hypothesis that EFP might be caused by stereotactic trajectories passing through an area including the internal capsule (IC), topographical locations of trajectories were analyzed and compared between the EFP-positive group (n = 41) and the EFP-negative group (n = 8).
Role of brain natriuretic peptide in the prediction of long-term surgical outcome of chronic subdural hematoma
Mehdi Chihi, Oliver Gembruch, Marvin Darkwah Oppong, Laurèl Rauschenbach, ... Homajoun Maslehaty
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117240
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117240
To investigate the role of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in predicting long-term functional outcome and develop a new predictive score of poor functional outcome after surgery for chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH).
OCT parameters of the optic nerve head and the retina as surrogate markers of brain volume in a normal population, a pilot study
Alvaro J. Mejia-Vergara, Rustum Karanjia, Alfredo A. Sadun
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117213
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117213
The relationship between optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements of the retinal structures has been described for various neurological diseases including Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Brain volume changes, both globally and by area, are associated with some of these same diseases, yet the correlation of OCT and disease is not fully elucidated.
Early-hospital readmission after generalized status epilepticus during stroke hospitalization
Alain Lekoubou, Kinfe G. Bishu, Bruce Ovbiagele
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117258
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117258
To assess the relationship between generalized convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE) during an index stroke hospitalization and occurrence of 30-day hospital readmission.
Hypermetabolism is a reality in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis compared to healthy subjects
Philippe Fayemendy, Benoit Marin, Anaïs Labrunie, Yves Boirie, ... Pierre Jésus
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117257
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117257
Hypermetabolism (HM) in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the reflection of a high energy metabolic level, but this alteration seems controversial. The main objective of the study was to confirm the existence of HM during ALS compared to healthy subjects.
The clinical utility of exome sequencing and extended bioinformatic analyses in adolescents and adults with a broad range of neurological phenotypes: an Australian perspective
Dhamidhu Eratne, Amy Schneider, Ella Lynch, Melissa Martyn, ... Samuel F. Berkovic
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117260
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117260
Currently there is no secured ongoing funding in Australia for next generation sequencing (NGS) such as exome sequencing (ES) for adult neurological disorders. Studies have focused on paediatric populations in research or highly specialised settings, utilised standard NGS pipelines focusing only on small insertions, deletions and single nucleotide variants, and not explored impacts on management in detail.
Prognostic value of the 2010 consensus definition of delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Essi Raatikainen, Annukka Vahtera, Anne Kuitunen, Eija Junttila, ... Heikki Kiiski
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117261
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117261
Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) complicates the recovery of approximately 30% of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The definition of DCI widely varies, even though a consensus definition has been recommended since 2010. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the 2010 consensus definition of DCI in a cohort of patients with aSAH.
Age differences in utilization and outcomes of tissue-plasminogen activator and mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke
Nandakumar Nagaraja, Urvish K. Patel, Seemant Chaturvedi
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117262
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117262
U.S. demographics is shifting towards older population. Older stroke patients likely receive less tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA) and mechanical thrombectomy (MT) compared to younger patients. The objective of this study is to evaluate extent of difference in utilization of t-PA and MT and outcomes of stroke between three age groups ?18–45 (young adults), 46–80 (middle/old), and > 80 (oldest old) years.
Laboratory factors associated with symptomatic hemorrhagic conversion of acute stroke after systemic thrombolysis
Haris Kamal, Bijal K. Mehta, Muhammad K. Ahmed, Katelyn S. Kavak, ... Ashkan Mowla
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117265
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117265
Laboratory factors associated with hemorrhagic conversion (HC) after Intravenous thrombolysis with rtPA (IVT) for Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) remain nebulous despite advances in our knowledge of AIS. This study aimed to investigate the laboratory factors predisposing to HC in AIS patients receiving IVT.
Neural substrates of subcortical aphasia in subacute stroke: Voxel-based lesion symptom mapping study
Gowun Kim, ByeongChang Jeong, Myungwon Choi, Won-Seok Kim, ... Nam-Jong Paik
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117266
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117266
Subcortical aphasia develops as a result of damage to subcortical brain areas without loss of cortical functions. Although earlier voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) studies have shown possible neural correlates for aphasia, it remains to be clarified which brain regions are associated with subcortical aphasia. The aim of this study was to investigate the neural substrates associated with subcortical aphasia in patients with stroke using VLSM and atlas-based analyses to explore the involvement of white matter tracts and subcortical structures.
Neuropsychological and neurophysiological correlates of fatigue in post-acute patients with neurological manifestations of COVID-19: Insights into a challenging symptom
Paola Ortelli, Davide Ferrazzoli, Luca Sebastianelli, Michael Engl, ... Viviana Versace
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117271
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117271
More than half of patients who recover from COVID-19 experience fatigue. We studied fatigue using neuropsychological and neurophysiological investigations in post-COVID-19 patients and healthy subjects. Neuropsychological assessment included: Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Fatigue Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Apathy Evaluation Scale, cognitive tests, and computerized tasks.
An incomplete Circle of Willis is not a risk factor for white matter hyperintensities: The Troms? Study
Lars B. Hindenes, Asta K. H?berg, Ellisiv B. Mathiesen, Torgil R. Vangberg
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117268
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117268
The Circle of Willis (CoW) is often underdeveloped or incomplete, leading to suboptimal blood supply to the brain. As hypoperfusion is thought to play a role in the aetiology of white matter hyperintensities (WMH), the objective of this study was to assess whether incomplete CoW variants were associated with increased WMH volumes compared to the complete CoW.
Nerve conduction studies in Guillain-Barré syndrome: Influence of timing and value of repeated measurements
Jakob Rath, Bernadette Schober, Gudrun Zulehner, Anna Grisold, ... Fritz Zimprich
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117267
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117267
Nerve conduction studies (NCS) are essential to differentiate between demyelinating and axonal subtypes in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). However, it is debated to which extent the delay of NCS after symptom onset and repeated measurements during the disease course influence the diagnostic accuracy.
Ocular myasthenia gravis – How effective is low dose prednisone long term?
Rashmi Verma, Gil I. Wolfe, Mark J. Kupersmith
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117274
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117274
Controversy persists on the best treatment to control ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) and reduce conversion to generalized myasthenia gravis (GMG). We hypothesized that low dose prednisone could accomplish both in a cohort of OMG patients followed after three years.
Risk profile of decompressive hemicraniectomy for malignant stroke after revascularization treatment
Mohamed Alzayiani, Tobias Schmidt, Michael Veldeman, Alexander Riabikin, ... Walid Albanna
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117275
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117275
Revascularization by pharmacological and/or endovascular treatment is an effective therapy for acute ischemic stroke caused by artery occlusion. In the context of malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMI), decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) can be life-saving. However, its effectiveness and safety after revascularization have not been thoroughly assessed. This retrospective study aimed to determine the risk profile of pre-surgical revascularization treatment (RT) for subsequent DHC.
Guillain-Barré syndrome during the Zika virus outbreak in Northeast Brazil: An observational cohort study
Sonja E. Leonhard, Susan Halstead, Suzannah B. Lant, Maria de Fatima Pessoa Milit?o de Albuquerque, ... Maria L. Brito Ferreira
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117272
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117272
To determine the clinical phenotype of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) after Zika virus (ZIKV) infection, the anti-glycolipid antibody signature, and the role of other circulating arthropod-borne viruses, we describe a cohort of GBS patients identified during ZIKV and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreaks in Northeast Brazil.
Systematic review and evaluation of predictive modeling algorithms in spinal surgeries
Prasanth Romiyo, Kevin Ding, Dillon Dejam, Alyssa Franks, ... Isaac Yang
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117184
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117184
In order to better educate patients, predictive models have been implemented to stratify surgical risk, thereby instituting greater uniformity across surgical practices and prioritizing the safety and outcomes of patients. The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review summarizing the major predictive models used to evaluate patients as candidates for spinal surgery.
Analysis of academic publishing output among 1634 successful applicants in the 2011–2018 neurosurgery residency match
John P. Sheppard, Carlito Lagman, Thien Nguyen, Hana Yokoi, ... Isaac Yang
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117186
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117186
Research productivity is a key criterion for applicant selection reported by residency program directors. Research volume reported on neurosurgery residency applications has risen steadily over the past decade.
Greater intraprocedural systolic blood pressure and blood pressure variability are associated with contrast-induced neurotoxicity after neurointerventional procedures
Cynthia B. Zevallos, Biyue Dai, Sudeepta Dandapat, Darko Quispe-Orozco, ... Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117209
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117209
Contrast-induced neurotoxicity (CIN) is a rare complication of neurointerventional procedures and its understanding remains limited. We evaluated the association of CIN with systemic hemodynamics in patients undergoing neuroendovascular interventions.
Risk of postprocedural intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms after treatment with antiplatelet agents
Walid Albanna, Louisa Merkelbach, Gerrit Alexander Schubert, Christian Stoppe, ... Georg Neuloh
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117219
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117219
Endovascular treatment of ruptured cerebral aneurysms frequently requires antiplatelet medication to prevent thromboembolism. This might raise concern regarding the risk of postprocedural hemorrhage (pH), e.g. from placement of intracranial probes. We explored the risk of PH associated with standard antiplatelet therapy (sAP: acetylsalicylic acid, and/or clopidogrel) in the context of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).
Machine learning for filtering out false positive grey matter atrophies in single subject voxel based morphometry: A simulation based study
Hern?n C. Külsgaard, José I. Orlando, Mariana Bendersky, Juan P. Princich, ... Ignacio Larrabide
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117220
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117220
Single subject VBM (SS-VBM), has been used as an alternative tool to standard VBM for single case studies. However, it has the disadvantage of producing an excessively large number of false positive detections. In this study we propose a machine learning technique widely used for automated data classification, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), to refine the findings produced by SS-VBM. A controlled set of experiments was conducted to evaluate the proposed approach using three-dimensional T1 MRI scans from control subjects collected from the publicly available IXI dataset.
Application of telehealth for comprehensive Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease surveillance in the United Kingdom
Neil Watson, Hatice Kurudzhu, Alison Green, David Summers, ... Suvankar Pal
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117221
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117221
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a fatal human prion disease. Surveillance systems operate globally with the goals of accurate in-life case ascertainment, appropriate public health interventions to minimise secondary transmission, and monitoring trends in disease epidemiology. The UK experienced the highest incidence of variant CJD (vCJD) in the world following widespread population exposure to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE).
Statin treatment and cerebral microbleeds: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Aristeidis H. Katsanos, Vasileios-Arsenios Lioutas, Andreas Charidimou, Luciana Catanese, ... Ashkan Shoamanesh
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117224
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117224
Although statins have been associated with increased risk of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, their relationship with cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) formation is poorly understood. We systematically reviewed previously published studies reporting on the association between CMBs presence and current statin use.
Immunosuppression in chronic autoimmune neurological disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic
Sukanthi Kovvuru, Krishna Nalleballe, Sanjeeva Reddy Onteddu, Rohan Sharma, ... Bhaskar Roy
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117230
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117230
To study the risk of acquiring Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its outcomes in patients on immunosuppressive therapy (IST) for chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disorders (aNMD) and multiple sclerosis (MS).
A multi-center case series of sarcoid optic neuropathy
Lauren M. Webb, John J. Chen, Allen J. Aksamit, Shamik Bhattacharyya, ... Eoin P. Flanagan
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117282
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117282
The diagnosis of sarcoid optic neuropathy is time-sensitive, as delayed treatment risks irreversible vision loss. We sought to analyze its characteristics and outcomes.
Cerebral microinfarcts disruption of remote cortical thickness
D. Kraushar, J. Molad, H. Hallevi, N.M. Bornstein, ... E. Auriel
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117170
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117170
Cerebral microinfarcts (CMI) are common lesions, carrying an important contribution to small-vessel–related cognitive impairment. CMIs were previously found to cause local microstructural damage and disruption of white matter integrity. This study examines CMIs influence on cortical thickness in remote brain areas.
Can the radiological scale “iNPH Radscale” predict tap test response in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus?
Tiberiu Laticevschi, Alma Lingenberg, Stéphane Armand, Alessandra Griffa, ... Gilles Allali
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117239
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117239
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) presents typical radiological signs that have been summarised in a semi-quantitative scale named the iNPH Radscale. However, the iNPH Radscale's predictive value for response to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tap test has never been studied. This study aims to investigate if the iNPH Radscale can predict locomotion improvement after CSF tap test.
Neuropathological explanation of minimal COVID-19 infection rate in newborns, infants and children – a mystery so far. New insight into the role of Substance P
Riffat Mehboob, Anna Maria Lavezzi
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117276
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117276
Sars-Cov-2 or Novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) has become a global challenge, affecting elderly population at large, causing a burden on hospitals. It has been affecting the world from a health and economic perspective after its emergence since October 2019 at Wuhan province of China. Later on it became a pandemic, with aged people most affected. Surprisingly, the infants and children were not severely infected and mortality among them was reported infrequently. If they died it was due to some comorbidity or congenital heart problems. Why the rate of infection varies in different age groups around the world and what is the protective mechanism in children remains a mystery.
Cancer frequency among the patients with myotonic dystrophy in the South Korean population using the national health insurance database
Jin-Sung Park, Donghwi Park, Jin-Mo Park
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117212
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117212
Prion diseases reported in the “Annual of the Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan”
Yoshihiko Horimoto, Chikako Sato, Aki Inagaki, Toshihisa Tajima, ... Hiroshi Inagaki
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117215
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117215
For surveillance projects to be successful, it is important to accurately diagnose all patients, without overlooking any cases. Here, we investigated the present clinical diagnostic accuracy for prion diseases in Japan.
Utility of intrathecal baclofen pump in primary lateral sclerosis
Adeel S. Zubair, Matthew Raymond, Huned S. Patwa
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117227
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117227
Primary lateral sclerosis is a disorder categorized by insidious onset of progressive upper motor neuron dysfunction without lower motor neuron involvement. PLS often presents with gradual-onset, progressive lower extremity stiffness and pain due to muscle spasticity. Intrathecal Baclofen pumps (ITB) have been used to effectively treat spasticity in several neurologic conditions including MS and spinal cord injury.
Severe adolescent-onset limb-girdle muscular dystrophy due to a novel homozygous nonsense BVES variant
Grayson Beecher, Connie Tang, Teerin Liewluck
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117259
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117259
Neurology patient engagement with online health-related resources
Olwen C. Murphy, Siti Shakira Suhaimi, Se?n S. O'Sullivan
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117264
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117264
Psychostimulant use disorder emphasizing methamphetamine and the opioid -dopamine connection: Digging out of a hypodopaminergic ditch
Kenneth Blum, Jean Lud Cadet, Mark S. Gold
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117252
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117252
Approved food and drug administration (FDA) medications to treat Psychostimulant Use Disorder (PUD) are needed. Both acute and chronic neurological deficits related to the neurophysiological effects of these powerfully addictive drugs can cause stroke and alterations in mood and cognition.
Neuropathies of leprosy
Satish V. Khadilkar, Sarika B. Patil, Vanaja P. Shetty
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117288
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117288
Neuropathies form an integral part of the symptomatology of leprosy. Neuropathies of leprosy take various forms and shapes. At one end is the cutaneous nerve involvement adjacent to the anaesthetic skin patch and the other is of symmetrical pansensory neuropathy and the devastating sensory ataxia of leprous ganglionits. Lepra reactions add to the spectrum.
Chikungunya encephalitis, a case series from an endemic country
Jorge Ortiz-Quezada, Edith E. Rodriguez, Heike Hesse, L?zaro Molina, ... John D. England
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117279
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117279
The Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) was introduced into Honduras in 2015. Since then the WHO has reported more than 14,000 suspected cases in the country. Objective: To describe the clinical, laboratory, neuroimaging, and pathological features of CHIKV encephalitis.
Brucellosis
Raad Shakir
doi : 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117280
Volume 420, 15 January 2021, 117280
Brucellosis is a common Zoonosis affecting half a million people annually. The most common mode of infection is by consuming unpasteurized milk or milk products. The general manifestations are those of fever with generalized symptoms. The nervous system is affected in 4–7% of cases. The manifestations are protean and include meningo-encephalitis as well as peripheral nervous system involvement. The diagnosis relies on culture, which is cumbersome and can be falsely negative. Agglutination tests for the various species of the organism are the mainstay for diagnosis. Treatment is for 3–6 months with combination therapy including Doxycycline, Rifampicin and ceftriaxone. The main issue is prevention and better animal husbandry.
