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Dysbiosis revisited: Understanding the role of the oral microbiome in the pathogenesis of gingivitis and periodontitis: A critical assessment
Frank A. Scannapieco,Anna Dongari-Bagtzoglou
doi : 10.1002/JPER.21-0120
Volume 92, Issue 8 p. 1071-1078
This commentary provides background, historical context, and a critical assessment of the concept that microbial dysbiosis drives the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. It is long known that periodontal pathogenesis is dependent on tooth-borne microbial biofilms (dental plaque) that trigger host inflammation resulting in periodontal destruction and tooth loss in some patients. Ecological principles governing plaque biofilm development, along with localized host responses, are both rooted in evolution. Interpretation of available evidence suggests that, in most patients, alveolar bone loss results from interactions of a highly diverse commensal microbiota with the host, and not from “overgrowth” of a few “pathobionts” that results in a “dysbiosis.” Most previously described dysbiotic chronic diseases, for example, inflammatory bowel diseases and dermatitis, are characterized by decreased microbial diversity (likely due to frank overgrowth of one or a few microbial taxa). Most common forms of periodontitis do not appear to conform to this general principle, and the associated microbiome in fact almost always shows increased bacterial diversity compared with periodontal health. This diversity is driven by interactions of genetic and environmental factors working in concert within specific windows of time. Periodontal pathogenesis is likely the result of “personalized pathology,” insofar as each patient likely has a variable constellation of microbes and host risk factors influencing specific tissue sites where disease activity occurs, and during a limited window of time (a tissue-destructive “burst”). The concept of cooperative virulence of higher abundance commensals in periodontal pathogenesis, which does not conform to the model of dysbiosis observed for other diseases, is discussed.
Microbial dysbiosis: The root cause of periodontal disease
Purnima S. Kumar
doi : 10.1002/JPER.21-0245
Volume 92, Issue 8 p. 1079-1087
Randomized, controlled, clinical trial to evaluate a xenogeneic collagen matrix as an alternative to free gingival grafting for oral soft tissue augmentation: A 6- to 8-year follow-up
Michael K. McGuire,E. Todd Scheyer,David I. Lipton,John C. Gunsolley
doi : 10.1002/JPER.20-0627
Volume 92, Issue 8 p. 1088-1095
The purpose of this follow up study was to determine if a xenogeneic collagen matrix (CMX) is as effective as free gingival graft (FGG) in preventing further recession 6+ years following vestibuloplasty.
Prevalence and risk indicators of peri-implant diseases in a group of Moroccan patients
Jamila Kissa,Wafa El Kholti,Sihame Chemlali,Hajar Kawtari,Younes Laalou,Jasim M. Albandar
doi : 10.1002/JPER.20-0549
Volume 92, Issue 8 p. 1096-1106
To report the prevalence of peri-implant diseases in a North African patient population, and to assess the concurrent associations of patient- and implant-level characteristics with probing depth and bone loss around dental implants
Maternal periodontal status, oral inflammatory load, and systemic inflammation are associated with low infant birth weight
Annuroopa Mahapatra,Rashmita Nayak,Anurag Satpathy,Basanta Kumar Pati,Rinkee Mohanty,Gatha Mohanty,Rajdeep Beura
doi : 10.1002/JPER.20-0266
Volume 92, Issue 8 p. 1107-1116
Periodontal disease and pregnancy outcomes have been claimed to be associated with conflicting reports. The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine the association between maternal periodontal status, oral inflammatory load and serum C- reactive protein (CRP) level, and infant birth weight.
Factors influencing the prevalence of peri-implantitis in implants inserted in augmented maxillary sinuses: A multicenter cross-sectional study
Claudio Stacchi,Giuseppe Troiano,Antonio Rapani,Teresa Lombardi,Rosario Sentineri,Stefano Speroni,Federico Berton,Roberto Di Lenarda
doi : 10.1002/JPER.20-0483
Volume 92, Issue 8 p. 1117-1125
Peri-implantitis is widely recognized as a major cause of late implant failure, both in pristine and regenerated bone. The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of peri-implantitis in implants inserted in augmented maxillary sinuses and to analyze possible risk factors.
Data visualization of the relationship between smoking and periodontal site-specific effects across the lifespan in the US adult population
Monisha Billings,Mark Parascandola,Timothy Iafolla,Bruce A. Dye
doi : 10.1002/JPER.20-0564
Volume 92, Issue 8 p. 1126-1135
Data visualization techniques were used to ascertain (1) site-specific effects of cigarette smoking on the periodontium compared to never-smokers; (2) patterns of site-specific effects by age among current and never-smokers using contour maps.
Clustering by periodontitis-associated factors: A novel application to NHANES data
Iya H. Ghassib,Feras A. Batarseh,Hom-Lay Wang,Wenche S. Borgnakke
doi : 10.1002/JPER.20-0489
Volume 92, Issue 8 p. 1136-1150
Unsupervised clustering is a method used to identify heterogeneity among groups and homogeneity within a group of patients. Without a prespecified outcome entry, the resulting model deciphers patterns that may not be disclosed using traditional methods. This is the first time such clustering analysis is applied in identifying unique subgroups at high risk for periodontitis in National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES 2009 to 2014 data sets using >500 variables.
Antibiofilm effect of ozonized physiological saline solution on peri-implant–related biofilm
Caroline C. Tonon,Beatriz H. D. Panariello,Denise M. P. Spolidorio,Ana G. Gossweiler,Simone Duarte
doi : 10.1002/JPER.20-0333
Volume 92, Issue 8 p. 1151-1162
Removal of dental plaque and local application of local chemical adjuncts, such as chlorhexidine (CHX), have been used to control and treat peri-implant disease. However, these methods can damage the surface properties of the implants or promote bacterial resistance. The application of ozone as an adjunctive treatment represents a new approach in the management of peri-implantitis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of ozonized physiological saline solution in different concentrations against oral biofilms developed on titanium surface.
Evaluation of a questionnaire-based diabetes screening concept in German patients with Stage III or IV periodontitis: A practice-based study
Gerhard Schmalz,Claudia Wolf,Cordula Merle,Tanja Kottmann,Rainer Haak,Dirk Ziebolz
doi : 10.1002/JPER.20-0297
Volume 92, Issue 8 p. 1163-1170
This practice-based retrospective study evaluated a screening method for diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with Stage III or IV periodontitis using the FINDRISC questionnaire.
Clinical evaluation of impact of periodontal phenotype on the outcome of open flap debridement in patients with chronic periodontitis: A comparative interventional study
Bhumika Gumber,Rajinder K. Sharma,Shikha Tewari,Ritika Arora,Nishi Tanwar
doi : 10.1002/JPER.19-0668
Volume 92, Issue 8 p. 1171-1180
Several studies have implicated the role of periodontal phenotype (PP) in the outcome of various periodontal interventions. However investigations have not been performed to estimate such impact on the outcome of open flap debridement (OFD) for the management of chronic periodontitis.
Osteogenic effects of bioabsorbable magnesium implant in rat mandibles and in vitro
Wei He,Hai Zhang,Jiaxuan Qiu
doi : 10.1002/JPER.20-0162
Volume 92, Issue 8 p. 1181-1191
Bone augmentation or grafting is often required for placement of dental implants or surgical reconstruction of bony defects. Bioabsorbable magnesium implant was shown to promote osteogenesis in long bones. The objectives of this study were to determine osteogenic effects of pure magnesium (Mg) in rat mandible and underlying mechanisms.
Role of YAP1 gene in proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and apoptosis of human periodontal ligament stem cells induced by TNF-?±
Tao Dong,Xuemin Sun,He Jin
doi : 10.1002/JPER.20-0176
Volume 92, Issue 8 p. 1192-1200
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs in periodontal tissues and can cause tooth loosening and loss in severe cases. As the main effector of downstream of Hippo signaling pathway, yes-related protein 1 (YAP1) plays an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation. However, the role of YAP1 in periodontitis has not been reported.
Antibiotic prescribing at a periodontal residency practice in Connecticut
Alexandra M. McKenna,Effie Ioannidou,David B. Banach
doi : 10.1002/JPER.20-0657
Volume 92, Issue 8 p. e76-e83
Antibiotics are important in the treatment of odontogenic infections and the prevention of infection following dental procedures in high-risk situations. Little is known about antibiotic prescribing in periodontal practice. This study describes prescribing practices by periodontal faculty and residents in an academic setting in order to identify opportunities to optimize prescribing behaviors.
Leukotriene receptor antagonist reduces inflammation and alveolar bone loss in a rat model of experimental periodontitis
Marcella G. Moro,Marilia D. S. Oliveira,Maria M. Santana,Flavia N. de Jesus,Karla Feitosa,Simone A. Teixeira,Gilson C. N. Franco,Luis Carlos Spolidorio,Marcelo N. Muscar?,Marinella Holzhausen
doi : 10.1002/JPER.20-0718
Volume 92, Issue 8 p. e84-e93
Leukotrienes (LTs) participate in the process of tissue damage in periodontal disease by leukocyte chemotaxis and osteoclastic activation. The activation of Cysteinyl-LT receptor is associated with increased expression of proinflammatory molecules and osteoclastogenesis. However, its implications on periodontal disease progression have not been studied. The present study evaluated the effect of the cysteinyl-LT receptor antagonist (montelukast [MT]) on ligature-induced experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats.
Periodontopathogenic bacteria in subglottic samples from patients undergoing elective intubation for general anesthesia: A pilot study
Carlos M. R. Morillo,Luciana Saraiva,Giuseppe A. Romito,Claudio Mendes Pannuti,Heleno P. Oliveira,Maria Paula S. M. Peres,Maria José C. Carmona,Cristina C. Villar
doi : 10.1002/JPER.19-0570
Volume 92, Issue 8 p. e94-e102
Translocation of periodontal pathogens into the respiratory tract could either cause pneumonia or disrupt local defense mechanisms, predisposing the host to infection by respiratory pathogens. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the levels of periodontopathogenic bacteria in subglottic samples of intubated and mechanically ventilated patients and the impact of oral decontamination with chlorhexidine (CHX) on subglottic levels of these microorganisms.
