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B protected: from vertical HCV transmission?
Katharina Zoldan, Maike Hofmann
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321364
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Safely restarting GI endoscopy in the era of COVID-19
Bu'Hussain Hayee, Mo Thoufeeq, Colin J Rees, Ian Penman, James East
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321688
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The COVID-19 pandemic has placed extraordinary demands on healthcare services worldwide. Strategic planning for acute COVID-19 care has, during the peak phase of the pandemic, rightly overshadowed the provision of diagnostic services, which have been further restricted by the need to minimise viral transmission to reduce the attendant risks to patients and staff. The risk is compounded by the asymptomatic phase of COVID-19 infection1 and is particularly important in relation to GI endoscopy, given the aerosol-generating nature of many endoscopic procedures.2–4
The colonoscopic leakage model: a new model to study the intestinal wound healing at molecular level
Radu Bachmann, Matthias Van Hul, Daniel Leonard, Nathalie M Delzenne, Alex Kartheuser, Patrice D Cani
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321234
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The management of adult patients with severe chronic small intestinal dysmotility
Jeremy M D Nightingale, Peter Paine, John McLaughlin, Anton Emmanuel, Joanne E Martin, Simon Lal
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321631
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Adult patients with severe chronic small intestinal dysmotility are not uncommon and can be difficult to manage. This guideline gives an outline of how to make the diagnosis. It discusses factors which contribute to or cause a picture of severe chronic intestinal dysmotility (eg, obstruction, functional gastrointestinal disorders, drugs, psychosocial issues and malnutrition). It gives management guidelines for patients with an enteric myopathy or neuropathy including the use of enteral and parenteral nutrition.
Screening and eradication of Helicobacter pylori for gastric cancer prevention: the Taipei global consensus
Jyh-Ming Liou, Peter Malfertheiner, Yi-Chia Lee, Bor-Shyang Sheu, Kentaro Sugano, Hsiu-Chi Cheng, Khay-Guan Yeoh, Ping-I Hsu, Khean-Lee Goh, Varocha Mahachai, Takuji Gotoda, Wei-Lun Chang, Mei-Jyh Chen, Tsung-Hsien Chiang, Chieh-Chang Chen, Chun-Ying Wu, Alex Hwong-Ruey Leow, Jeng-Yih Wu, Deng-Chyang Wu, Tzu-Chan Hong, Hong Lu, Yoshio Yamaoka, Francis Megraud, Francis K L Chan, Joseph JY Sung, Jaw-Town Lin, David Y Graham, Ming-Shiang Wu, Emad M El-Omar
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322368
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Objective A global consensus meeting was held to review current evidence and knowledge gaps and propose collaborative studies on population-wide screening and eradication of Helicobacter pylori for prevention of gastric cancer (GC).
Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy to prevent gastric cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis
Alexander Charles Ford, Yuhong Yuan, Paul Moayyedi
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320839
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Objectives Gastric cancer is strongly associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). We conducted a previous systematic review and meta-analysis that suggested eradication therapy reduced future incidence of gastric cancer, but effect size was uncertain, and there was no reduction in gastric cancer-related mortality. We updated this meta-analysis, as more data has accumulated. We also evaluated impact of eradication therapy on future risk of gastric cancer in patients having endoscopic mucosal resection for gastric neoplasia.
Faecal virome transplantation decreases symptoms of type 2 diabetes and obesity in a murine model
Torben S?lbeck Rasmussen, Caroline M?rta Junker Mentzel, Witold Kot, Josué Leonardo Castro-Mej?a, Simone Zuffa, Jonathan Richard Swann, Lars Hestbjerg Hansen, Finn Kvist Vogensen, Axel Kornerup Hansen, Dennis Sandris Nielsen
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-320005
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Objective Development of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with gut microbiota (GM) changes. The gut viral community is predominated by bacteriophages (phages), which are viruses that attack bacteria in a host-specific manner. The antagonistic behaviour of phages has the potential to alter the GM. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate the efficacy of faecal virome transplantation (FVT) from lean donors for shifting the phenotype of obese mice into closer resemblance of lean mice.
Aberrant gut microbiota alters host metabolome and impacts renal failure in humans and rodents
Xifan Wang, Songtao Yang, Shenghui Li, Liang Zhao, Yanling Hao, Junjie Qin, Lian Zhang, Chengying Zhang, Weijing Bian, Li Zuo, Xiu Gao, Baoli Zhu, Xin Gen Lei, Zhenglong Gu, Wei Cui, Xiping Xu, Zhiming Li, Benzhong Zhu, Yuan Li, Shangwu Chen, Huiyuan Guo, Hao Zhang, Jing Sun, Ming Zhang, Yan Hui, Xiaolin Zhang, Xiaoxue Liu, Bowen Sun, Longjiao Wang, Qinglu Qiu, Yuchan Zhang, Xingqi Li, Weiqian Liu, Rui Xue, Hong Wu, DongHua Shao, Junling Li, Yuanjie Zhou, Shaochuan Li, Rentao Yang, Oluf Borbye Pedersen, Zhengquan Yu, Stanislav Dusko Ehrlich, Fazheng Ren
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319766
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Objective Patients with renal failure suffer from symptoms caused by uraemic toxins, possibly of gut microbial origin, as deduced from studies in animals. The aim of the study is to characterise relationships between the intestinal microbiome composition, uraemic toxins and renal failure symptoms in human end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
Treatment of severe acute malnutrition with oat or standard ready-to-use therapeutic food: a triple-blind, randomised controlled clinical trial
David Taylor Hendrixson, Claire Godbout, Alyssa Los, Meghan Callaghan-Gillespie, Melody Mui, Donna Wegner, Taylor Bryant, Aminata Koroma, Mark J Manary
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320769
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Objective We hypothesised that an alternative RUTF (ready-to-use therapeutic food) made with oats (oat-RUTF) would be non-inferior to standard RUTF (s-RUTF).
Substantial and sustained improvement of serrated polyp detection after a simple educational intervention: results from a prospective controlled trial
Arne G C Bleijenberg, Monique E van Leerdam, Marloes Bargeman, Jan Jacob Koornstra, Yasmijn J van Herwaarden, Manon CW Spaander, Silvia Sanduleanu, Barbara A J Bastiaansen, Erik J Schoon, Niels van Lelyveld, Evelien Dekker, Joep E G IJspeert
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319804
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Objective Serrated polyps (SPs) are an important cause of postcolonoscopy colorectal cancers (PCCRCs), which is likely the result of suboptimal SP detection during colonoscopy. We assessed the long-term effect of a simple educational intervention focusing on optimising SP detection.
Adenoma detection by Endocuff-assisted versus standard colonoscopy in routine practice: a cluster-randomised crossover trial
David Karsenti, Gaelle Tharsis, Bastien Perrot, Philippe Cattan, Gilles Tordjman, Franck Venezia, Elie Zrihen, Dominique Gillot, Agnes Gillet, Charles Hagege, Joelle Samama, Isabelle Etienney, Jean-Philippe Lab, Bernard Guigui, Jacqueline Zago, Bouchra Benkessou, Pascal Burtin, Maryan Cavicchi
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319565
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Objective Endocuff Vision (ECV) is the second generation of a device designed to improve polyp detection. The aim of this study was to evaluate its impact on adenoma detection rate (ADR) in routine colonoscopy.
Organoid cultures of early-onset colorectal cancers reveal distinct and rare genetic profiles
Helen H N Yan, Hoi Cheong Siu, Siu Lun Ho, Sarah S K Yue, Yang Gao, Wai Yin Tsui, Dessy Chan, April S Chan, Jason W H Wong, Alice H Y Man, Bernard C H Lee, Annie S Y Chan, Anthony K W Chan, Ho Sang Hui, Arthur K L Cheung, Wai Lun Law, Oswens S H Lo, Siu Tsan Yuen, Hans Clevers, Suet Yi Leung
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-320019
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Objective Sporadic early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) has bad prognosis, yet is poorly represented by cell line models. We examine the key mutational and transcriptomic alterations in an organoid biobank enriched in EOCRCs.
N6-methyladenosine mRNA methylation of PIK3CB regulates AKT signalling to promote PTEN-deficient pancreatic cancer progression
Jianbo Tian, Ying Zhu, Meilin Rao, Yimin Cai, Zequn Lu, Danyi Zou, Xiating Peng, Pingting Ying, Ming Zhang, Siyuan Niu, Yue Li, Rong Zhong, Jiang Chang, Xiaoping Miao
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-320179
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Objective Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. Thus far, most drugs have failed to significantly improve patient survival. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays an important role in the progression of PDAC, but its aberrant regulation driven by germline variants in human diseases remains unclear.
Intestinal gluconeogenesis prevents obesity-linked liver steatosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Justine Vily-Petit, Maud Soty-Roca, Marine Silva, Margaux Raffin, Amandine Gautier-Stein, Fabienne Rajas, Gilles Mithieux
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319745
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Objective Hepatic steatosis accompanying obesity is a major health concern, since it may initiate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and associated complications like cirrhosis or cancer. Intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN) is a recently described function that contributes to the metabolic benefits of specific macronutrients as protein or soluble fibre, via the initiation of a gut-brain nervous signal triggering brain-dependent regulations of peripheral metabolism. Here, we investigate the effects of IGN on liver metabolism, independently of its induction by the aforementioned macronutrients.
Evidence for B cell maturation but not trained immunity in uninfected infants exposed to hepatitis C virus
Anton Lutckii, Benedikt Strunz, Anton Zhirkov, Olga Filipovich, Elena Rukoiatkina, Denis Gusev, Yuriy Lobzin, Bj?rn Fischler, Soo Aleman, Matti S?llberg, Niklas K Bj?rkstr?m
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-320269
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Objectives Vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is rare compared with other chronic viral infections, despite that newborns have an immature, and possibly more susceptible, immune system. It further remains unclear to what extent prenatal and perinatal exposure to HCV affects immune system development in neonates.
Discontinuation of nucleos(t)ide analogues is not associated with a higher risk of HBsAg seroreversion after antiviral-induced HBsAg seroclearance: a nationwide multicentre study
Minseok Albert Kim, Seung Up Kim, Dong Hyun Sinn, Jeong Won Jang, Young-Suk Lim, Sang Hoon Ahn, Jae-Jun Shim, Yeon Seok Seo, Yang Hyun Baek, Sang Gyune Kim, Young Seok Kim, Ji Hoon Kim, Won Hyeok Choe, Hyung Joon Yim, Hyun Woong Lee, Jung Hyun Kwon, Sung Won Lee, Jae Young Jang, Hwi Young Kim, Yewan Park, Gi-Ae Kim, Hyun Yang, Han Ah Lee, Myeongseok Koh, Young-Sun Lee, Minkoo Kim, Young Chang, Yoon Jun Kim, Jung-Hwan Yoon, Fabien Zoulim, Jeong-Hoon Lee
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-320015
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Objective Direct comparison of the clinical outcomes between nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) discontinuation versus NA continuation has not been performed in patients with chronic hepatitis B who achieved HBsAg-seroclearance. Whether NA discontinuation was as safe as NA continuation after NA-induced surface antigen of HBV (HBsAg) seroclearance was investigated in the present study.
Population impact of direct-acting antiviral treatment on new presentations of hepatitis C-related decompensated cirrhosis: a national record-linkage study
Sharon J Hutchinson, Heather Valerio, Scott A McDonald, Alan Yeung, Kevin Pollock, Shanley Smith, Stephen Barclay, John F Dillon, Raymond Fox, Peter Bramley, Andrew Fraser, Nicholas Kennedy, Rory N Gunson, Kate Templeton, Hamish Innes, Allan McLeod, Amanda Weir, Peter C Hayes, David Goldberg
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-320007
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Objective Population-based studies demonstrating the clinical impact of interferon-free direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies are lacking. We examined the impact of the introduction of DAAs on HCV-related decompensated cirrhosis (DC) through analysis of population-based data from Scotland.
Mucus barrier, mucins and gut microbiota: the expected slimy partners?
Paola Paone, Patrice D Cani
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322260
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The gastrointestinal tract is often considered as a key organ involved in the digestion of food and providing nutrients to the body for proper maintenance. However, this system is composed of organs that are extremely complex. Among the different parts, the intestine is viewed as an incredible surface of contact with the environment and is colonised by hundreds of trillions of gut microbes. The role of the gut barrier has been studied for decades, but the exact mechanisms involved in the protection of the gut barrier are various and complementary.
Recent advances in clinical practice: colorectal cancer chemoprevention in the average-risk population
Nicolas Chapelle, Myriam Martel, Esther Toes-Zoutendijk, Alan N Barkun, Marc Bardou
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320990
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and lethal malignancies in Western countries. Its development is a multistep process that spans more than 15 years, thereby providing an opportunity for prevention and early detection. The high incidence and mortality rates emphasise the need for prevention and screening. Many countries have therefore introduced CRC screening programmes. It is expected, and preliminary evidence in some countries suggests, that this screening effort will decrease CRC-related mortality rates. CRC prevention involves a healthy lifestyle and chemoprevention—more specifically, oral chemoprevention that can interfere with progression from a normal colonic mucosa to adenocarcinoma.
Effects of high-fat diet-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis: far beyond the gut
Tianyu Liu, Bangmao Wang, Hailong Cao
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320717
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Ning Ding, Fang Hong Li, Bing Yao, Yun Ping Mu, Allan Z. Zhao
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321220
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Reduction of HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes following duodenal mucosal resurfacing: could other factors be at play?
Michael P Johnston, Ryan Malcolm Buchanan, Janisha Patel, Nadeem Tehami
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320900
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Characterisation of innate lymphoid cell subsets infiltrating colorectal carcinoma
Paolo Carrega, Paola Orecchia, Linda Quatrini, Nicola Tumino, Roberta Venè, Roberto Benelli, Alessandro Poggi, Stefano Scabini, Maria Cristina Mingari, Lorenzo Moretta, Paola Vacca
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320908
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Microbiome alterations in IBS
Ian B Jeffery, Eileen O'Herlihy, Fergus Shanahan, Paul W O' Toole
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320919
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Pharmacological treatment of opioid-induced constipation: moving ahead to new targets
Fabio Lugoboni, Federico Vignoni, Stefano Tamburin
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320602
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Proton pump inhibitors and the risk of gallbladder cancer: a hospital-based case–control study
Jianping Xiong, Yaqin Wang, Guang Chen, Long Jin
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321052
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Increasing incidence of young-onset colorectal cancers in the UK and rising mortality in rectal cancers
Karl King Yong, Moe Kyaw, Georgina Chadwick, Krishna Sundaram
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321069
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Obscure GI bleeding in a young man
Fady Daniel, Roni Aoun, Rayan Rammal
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319870
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