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Issue highlights October 2021
Anna Käll,Hugo Lagercrantz
doi : 10.1111/apa.16067
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2666-2667
Obesity, yet another symptom of a neurodevelopmental disorder
Magnus Landgren
doi : 10.1111/apa.16015
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2668-2670
The good, the bad and the ugly of children´s screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic
Laura Korhonen
doi : 10.1111/apa.16012
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2671-2672
Tribute to Jan-Inge Henter, the Paediatrician-Scientist
Bengt Fadeel
doi : 10.1111/apa.16020
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2673-2674
Advocating for lifelong follow-up after preterm birth
Camille Girard-Bock,Annie Janvier,Anne Monique Nuyt,Thuy Mai Luu
doi : 10.1111/apa.16004
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2675-2677
Paediatric palliative care: A personal perspective
Ulrika Kreicbergs
doi : 10.1111/apa.15897
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2678-2679
National guidelines recommend rotavirus vaccination to inpatient preterm infants
Lina Schollin Ask,Lisen Wingren,Jann Storsaeter
doi : 10.1111/apa.15968
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2680-2685
The aim was to perform a literature search of the latest evidence of administration of dose 1 of rotavirus vaccine to children admitted in neonatal intensive care or special care unit settings.
Thrombosis is not a marker of bridging vein rupture in infants with alleged abusive head trauma
Sverre Morten Zahl,Julie A. Mack,Cyrille Rossant,Waney Squier,Knut Wester
doi : 10.1111/apa.15908
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2686-2694
Thrombosis of bridging veins has been suggested to be a marker of bridging vein rupture, and thus AHT, in infants with subdural haematoma.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between paediatric obesity and telomere length
Li Lin,Kang Qin,Dezhong Chen,Ciyong Lu,Weiqing Chen,Vivian Yawei Guo
doi : 10.1111/apa.15971
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2695-2703
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between paediatric obesity and telomere length.
Systematic review and meta-analysis found that malnutrition was associated with poor cognitive development
Damiano Pizzol,Florina Tudor,Vincenzo Racalbuto,Alessandro Bertoldo,Nicola Veronese,Lee Smith
doi : 10.1111/apa.15964
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2704-2710
Malnutrition is a major public health issue that has been associated with high susceptibility for impaired brain development and mental functioning. However, to date studies on this topic have not been collated and appraised. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association between malnutrition and cognitive development.
Progress, challenges and global approaches to rare diseases
Stephen C. Groft,Manuel Posada,Domenica Taruscio
doi : 10.1111/apa.15974
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2711-2716
Rare diseases occur globally at every stage of life. Patients, families and caregivers have many unmet medical and social needs leading to extraordinary psychosocial and economic burdens. Efforts to improve diagnostic capabilities and to develop therapies for an estimated 7000 rare diseases have met with considerable success. In the United States, a rare disease or condition is one affecting fewer than 200,000 people. In the European Union (EU), a rare disease is any disease affecting fewer than 5 people in 10,000 (less than 1 in 2000 people). However, there are no effective treatments for 90 per cent of rare diseases. There is a need to expand awareness, advocacy and outreach to everyone including those with low incomes, poor literacy, minority ethnic status and living in underserved and marginalised populations in urban and rural areas as well as in developing nations throughout the world. The acceptance of patients as research partners complements the increased research emphasis and major regulatory initiatives leading to expedited review and approval programmes for products for serious or life-threatening conditions. The pipeline of new therapies provides hope to untreated patients. Advances in medical bioinformatics, artificial intelligence and machine learning with access to big data continue to identify novel therapeutics for screening and evaluation. Advanced analytics can identify the patterns of disease occurrence, predict disease progression, identify patient response to treatments, establish optimal care guidelines and generate research hypotheses with the narrowly identified research patient populations.
Hyperinflammation: On the pathogenesis and treatment of macrophage activation syndrome
Ulf Andersson
doi : 10.1111/apa.15900
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2717-2722
Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a subtype of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) diseases. The underlying mechanism of these life-threatening disorders is impaired granule-mediated cytotoxicity exerted by natural killer (NK) cells and T lymphocytes. This function is meant for elimination of virus-infected cells, malignant cells and to prevent exaggerated immune responses. The normal outcome after an attack by NK or cytotoxic T cells is apoptosis of the target cell. This prevents cytotoxic inflammatory responses in adjacent tissues which occur after lytic cell death. Extensive cell lysis can even produce a cytokine storm, as evidenced in MAS. Programmed proinflammatory lytic cell death, pyroptosis, caused by activated inflammasomes is central in the pathogenesis of MAS. Pyroptosis mediates IL-18 cytokine release, which robustly stimulates NK and T cells to produce IFN-?, the key macrophage-activating signal which initiates a burst of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Lytic cell death also mediates a discharge of the prototype alarmin high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), a proinflammatory molecule present in all cells and that mediates the pathogenesis of MAS as outlined here. Therapeutic options to control causal factors operating in the pathogenesis of MAS are also discussed.
Clinical features, diagnosis and therapy of familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Gritta E. Janka,Maurizio Aricò
doi : 10.1111/apa.15889
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2723-2728
Familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is an inherited immune deficiency with defective cytotoxicity of natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. A highly stimulated, but ineffective immune response leads to severe hyperinflammation. Clinical and laboratory features are characteristic, but unspecific; thus awareness of FHL is important for early diagnosis. FHL is rapidly fatal without treatment. Standard-of-care therapy is etoposide and corticosteroids, followed by haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).
Virus-triggered secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Shinsaku Imashuku,Akira Morimoto,Eiichi Ishii
doi : 10.1111/apa.15973
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2729-2736
Primary (familial/hereditary) and secondary (non-familial/hereditary) hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) are hyperinflammatory and hypercytokinemic syndromes. Secondary HLH includes infection- (eg viral/bacterial/fungal/parasitic) and non–infection- (eg collagen disease or malignancy) related diseases. Viral HLH is the major type among all age groups. Secondary viral HLH and primary HLH must be differentiated carefully because primary HLH can be associated with viral infection(s), and the outcome is dismal without a timely diagnosis and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related HLH (EBV-HLH) is the most common type of viral HLH in childhood. For non–EBV-HLH, appropriate treatment of viral infection, followed by immunomodulatory agent(s) such as corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin or cyclosporine A, is usually successful; however, recent SARS-CoV-2-related HLH may become life-threatening. EBV-HLH may occur heterogeneously associated with the primary infection, with chronic active EBV infection or with underlying primary HLH. Although immunomodulatory agent(s) are effective in the majority of EBV-HLH cases, management differs from that of non–EBV-HLH because severe and refractory cases may require etoposide-containing HLH-1994/2004 regimens or other experimental agents. The novel agent, emapalumab (an anti–IFN-? monoclonal antibody) can be used to treat EBV-HLH cases to avoid the risk of secondary malignancy due to etoposide. Finally, HSCT is required for refractory EBV-HLH cases and can also be curative in some other cases.
Mortality and Morbidity rounds in neonatology: Providers’ experiences and perspectives
Michael-Andrew Assaad,Anie Lapointe,Émilie Thivierge,Annie Janvier
doi : 10.1111/apa.15986
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2737-2744
To describe how Canadian level III neonatal intensive care units (NICU) organise mortality and morbidity rounds (M&MR) and explore clinicians’ perspectives.
A multimodal quality improvement approach to promote normothermia in very preterm infants
Aneurin Young,Fameesh Azeez,Santan Pawalu Godad,Preethish Shetty,Alok Sharma
doi : 10.1111/apa.16009
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2745-2752
To achieve the National Neonatal Audit Programme (NNAP) standard of 90% normothermia among preterm infants born under 30 weeks of gestation.
Extremely preterm infants experienced good comfort with various nasal respiratory support techniques delivered with masks
Roberta Centorrino,Barbara Loi,Daniele De Luca
doi : 10.1111/apa.15907
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2753-2755
Children with neonatal Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE) treated with therapeutic hypothermia are not as school ready as their peers
Caroline J Edmonds,Rina Cianfaglione,Christine Cornforth,Brigitte Vollmer
doi : 10.1111/apa.16002
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2756-2765
We aimed to determine whether children with neonatal Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE) treated with therapeutic hypothermia (TH) differ from their peers on measures of fine motor skills, executive function, language and general cognitive abilities, factors that are important for school readiness.
An openly available wearable, a diaper cover, monitors infant's respiration and position during rest and sleep
Jukka Ranta,Elina Ilén,Kirsi Palmu,Jonna Salama,Oleksii Roienko,Sampsa Vanhatalo
doi : 10.1111/apa.15996
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2766-2771
To describe and test the accuracy of respiratory rate assessment in long-term surveillance using an open-source infant wearable, NAPping PAnts (NAPPA).
Neonatal isolated rectal bleeding: A case-control study
Dimitrios Rallis,Foteini Balomenou,Eleni Maragoudaki,Eleni Papastergiou,Pavlos Machas,Sophia Tsabouri,Ekaterini Siomou,Vasileios Giapros
doi : 10.1111/apa.16008
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2772-2774
Documenting standard developmental care in neonatal intensive care units: Insights from the GP_Posit pilot trial
Andréane Lavallée,Marilyn Aita,José Côté,Linda Bell,Thuy Mai Luu
doi : 10.1111/apa.15963
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2775-2777
Serum levels of placental growth factor reflect the severity of retinopathy of prematurity
Ana C. Almeida,Diogo B. Bitoque,Catarina Martins,Constança Coelho,Luís Miguel Borrego,Gabriela A. Silva
doi : 10.1111/apa.15976
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2778-2779
Caesarean section and increased neonatal mortality risk in meta-analysis of 33 sub-Saharan Africa Demographic and Health Surveys
Tawa Olukade,Olalekan A. Uthman
doi : 10.1111/apa.16032
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2780-2789
To examine the factors associated with the risk of neonatal mortality following caesarean births at country-level in sub-Saharan Africa.
Benign course and clinical features of COVID-19 in hospitalised febrile infants up to 60 days old
Havazelet Yarden Bilavski,Sarit Balanson,Ranaa Damouni Shalabi,Halima Dabaja-Younis,Galia Grisaru-Soen,Ilan Youngster,Daniel Glikman,Shalom Ben Shimol,Eli Somech,Diana Tasher,Michal Stein,Giora Gottesmanm,Orli Megged,Gilat Livni
doi : 10.1111/apa.15993
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2790-2795
Minimal data exist regarding the severity of COVID-19 in febrile infants under 60 days old. This multicentre prospective study explored the clinical course and outcomes of this hospitalised patient population, as, to date, the best approach has not been specifically addressed.
Delayed presentation of children to the emergency department during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: Area-based cohort study
Franca Rusconi,Valeria Di Fabrizio,Monia Puglia,Michela Sica,Rita De Santis,Stefano Masi,Luigi Gagliardi
doi : 10.1111/apa.16019
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2796-2801
To ascertain a delay in attendances to the emergency department (ED) during 2020 lockdown.
Reduction in paediatric emergency visits during the COVID-19 pandemic in a region with open preschools and schools
Samuel Arthur Rhedin,Malin Ryd Rinder,Helena Hildenwall,Eric Herlenius,Olof Hertting,Joachim Luthander,Erik Melén,Ruud Nijman,Selma Olsson-Åkefeldt,Tobias Alfven
doi : 10.1111/apa.15978
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2802-2804
Recreational screen time before and during COVID-19 in school-aged children
Brae Anne McArthur,Nicole Racine,Dillon Browne,Sheila McDonald,Suzanne Tough,Sheri Madigan
doi : 10.1111/apa.15966
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2805-2807
High screen use by children aged 12–36 months during the first COVID-19 lockdown was associated with parental stress and screen use
Rola Farah,Michal Zivan,Lior Niv,Naomi Havron,John Hutton,Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
doi : 10.1111/apa.15979
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2808-2809
Iatrogenic immunosuppression can lead to prolonged viral shedding and absent immune response to COVID-19
Afrodite Psaros Einberg,Thomas H. Casswall,Henrik Arnell,Greg Nowak,Ali Mirazimi,Mikael Sundin,Björn Fischler
doi : 10.1111/apa.15955
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2810-2811
Paediatric palliative care: The challenge of attending school during the COVID-19 pandemic: To go or not to go?
Anna Santini,Anna Marinetto,Caterina Agosto,Valentina De Tommasi,Simonetta Papa,Luca Giacomelli,Franca Benini
doi : 10.1111/apa.15998
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2812-2813
Neonatal healthcare workers' perceptions of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
Kirsteen MacSween,Caroline Fraser,Tracy Clinton,Dawn Clements,Neil Patel,Liz McKechnie
doi : 10.1111/apa.15994
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2814-2816
Hearing impairment among children in Sweden with foreign-born parents and natives: A national Swedish study
Per Wändell,Xinjun Li,Axel C. Carlsson,Jan Sundquist,Kristina Sundquist
doi : 10.1111/apa.15990
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2817-2824
We aimed to estimate the risk of hearing impairment in children and adolescents with foreign-born parents, compared to natives.
Half of the children with overweight or obesity and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder reach normal weight with stimulants
Karin Fast,Anna Björk,Maxwell Strandberg,Elias Johannesson,Elisabet Wentz,Jovanna Dahlgren
doi : 10.1111/apa.15881
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2825-2832
Treatment of childhood obesity is often insufficient and may be aggravated by high co-occurrence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We aimed to investigate whether children with overweight or obesity normalised in weight when receiving stimulant treatment for ADHD.
Child health professionals' experiences of the introduction and successful implementation of rotavirus vaccination in Sweden
Margaretha Stenmarker,Carin Oldin,Marie Golsäter,Margareta Blennow,Karin Enskär,Mats P. Nilsson,Lina Schollin Ask
doi : 10.1111/apa.16038
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2833-2841
To explore child health professionals' experiences of the early implementation of the rotavirus vaccination in the two regions that first introduced this vaccination in Sweden.
Chronic iron deficiency and anaemia were highly prevalent in a population-based longitudinal study among adolescent girls
Niklas Stabell,Maria Averina,Trond Flægstad
doi : 10.1111/apa.16016
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2842-2849
The combination of iron deficiency and anaemia is a major health problem, and adolescents are an at-risk group. The main aim of this study was to explore the magnitude of these conditions among adolescents aged 15–19 and identify possible associated risk factors.
Polish adolescents’ right to confidential primary health care is not respected despite high public acceptance
Micha? Henzler,Katarzyna Trzos,Julia G?uchowska,Maksym Pietruszkiewicz,Aneta Nitsch-Osuch,Magdalena Bogdan
doi : 10.1111/apa.16001
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2850-2855
The right of underaged patients to confidential health care should be considered an inalienable human right. Access to such care is also advisable according to contemporary medical knowledge. The aim of this study was to verify the extent this right is exercised in Poland and to examine social attitudes towards this issue.
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy with biopsy in paediatric feeding disorders
Robyn Robinson,Nicholas Placone,Mitchell Katz,Elisa Ornelas
doi : 10.1111/apa.15987
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2856-2861
Our aim was to evaluate upper GI pathology found endoscopically among children seen in a GI feeding clinic for persistent feeding problems compared with controls.
Foreign body ingestion in children: Beware of disk batteries and multiple magnets
Paolo Quitadamo,Federica Anselmi,Mariano Caldore,Flora Caruso,Cristina Bucci,Casimiro del Monaco,Enzo Tipo,Giovanni Gaglione,Maria Teresa Illiceto,Francesco Esposito,Pasquale Dolce,Chiara Ziparo,Giovanni Di Nardo
doi : 10.1111/apa.15957
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2862-2864
Amongst Norwegian paediatricians there is little agreement in management of cases of suspected child maltreatment
Mary Jo Vollmer-Sandholm,Arne Kristian Myhre,Gabriel Otterman,Stian Lydersen,Arne Stray-Pedersen
doi : 10.1111/apa.16017
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2865-2872
Child maltreatment is not unusual in our society but little is known about the medical management of cases in the Nordic countries. This study investigated physician knowledge and practice in cases of suspected physical and sexual abuse and neglect.
Morbidity and mortality in extremely premature infants with a birth weight ?500 g
Sascha Meyer,Sebastian Maas,Johannes Bay,Michael Zemlin,Martin Poryo
doi : 10.1111/apa.16033
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2873-2874
YouTube™ as an effective but potentially addictive distraction tool for paediatric phlebotomy
Prashant Sharma,Varun Uppal
doi : 10.1111/apa.16044
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2875-2876
Can spontaneous breathing trials help assess extubation readiness in extremely preterm neonates
Nidhi Agarwal,Ankita Shukla
doi : 10.1111/apa.15965
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2877-2878
Is intravenous paracetamol as effective as ibuprofen in closing haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus after the first treatment course in preterm babies?
Asad Abbas,Matthew Cawsey
doi : 10.1111/apa.15970
Volume 110, Issue 10 p. 2879-2880
