دسترسی یکساله به بیش از ۵۰۰ ژورنال روز جهان موجود در سامانه
-
http://medilib.ir
- ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ : 365 ﺭﻭﺯ
قیمت : 3,800,000 تومان- قیمت ویژه : 1,900,000تومان
Energy Harvesting Untethered Soft Electronic Devices (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 17/2021)
Kyun Kyu Kim,Joonhwa Choi,Seung Hwan Ko,
doi : 10.1002/adhm.202170077
Volume 10, Issue 17 2170077
In article number 2002286, Seung Hwan Ko and co-workers review the cutting edge of wearable devices. Recent development of untethered devices consists of a range of cutting-edge technologies such as electromagnetic, triboelectric, and thermoelectric energy harvesting. Recent advances in bio-fuel-based electronics show numerous solutions to the remaining practical issues of continuous measurement without an external power source. Key advancements in untethered devices in various power sources are introduced with their principles and working mechanisms.
Wireless and Flexible Skin Moisture and Temperature Sensor Sheets toward the Study of Thermoregulator Center (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 17/2021)
Yuyao Lu,Yusuke Fujita,Satoko Honda,Shin-Hsin Yang,Yan Xuan,Kaichen Xu,Takayuki Arie,Seiji Akita,Kuniharu Takei,
doi : 10.1002/adhm.202170078
Volume 10, Issue 17 2170078
In article number 2100103 by Kuniharu Takei and co-workers, an integrated flexible humidity and temperature sensor system allows for the monitoring of physiological conditions from skin wetness and temperature, under different conditions, wirelessly. The results prove the possibility of the study of a real-time and continuous thermoregulatory center by wearing the deviceintegrated glove or attaching the sensor sheet system onto the skin.
Wireless, Skin-Interfaced Devices for Pediatric Critical Care: Application to Continuous, Noninvasive Blood Pressure Monitoring (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 17/2021)
Claire Liu,Jin-Tae Kim,Sung Soo Kwak,Aurelie Hourlier-Fargette,Raudel Avila,Jamie Vogl,Andreas Tzavelis,Ha Uk Chung,Jong Yoon Lee,Dong Hyun Kim,Dennis Ryu,Kelsey B. Fields,Joanna L. Ciatti,Shupeng Li,Masahiro Irie,Allison Bradley,Avani Shukla,Jairo Chavez,Emma C. Dunne,Seung Sik Kim,Jungwoo Kim,Jun Bin Park,Han Heul Jo,Joohee Kim,Michael C. Johnson,Jean Won Kwak,Surabhi R. Madhvapathy,Shuai Xu,Casey M. Rand,Lauren E. Marsillio,Sue J. Hong,Yonggang Huang,Debra E. Weese-Mayer,John A. Rogers
doi : 10.1002/adhm.202170080
Volume 10, Issue 17 2170080
The cover associated with article 2100383 by Yonggang Huang, Debra E. Weese-Mayer, John A. Rogers, and co-workers, is a picture of an infant wearing a pair of soft, wireless, and skininterfaced devices that provide continuous, clinical-grade, and noninvasive monitoring of various physiological waveforms. Relevant characteristics of such waveforms can be used to infer key hemodynamic information, including blood pressure. These devices offer a route for continuous tracking of short- and long-term hemodynamic trends, including during periods of pharmacological interventions.
Wearable and Implantable Devices for Healthcare
Wei Gao,Cunjiang Yu,
doi : 10.1002/adhm.202101548
Volume 10, Issue 17 2101548
Ethical Considerations of Wearable Technologies in Human Research
Wearable technologies hold great promise for disease diagnosis and patient care. Despite the flourishing research activities in this field, only a handful of wearable devices are commercialized and cleared for medical usage. The successful translation of current proof-of-concept prototypes requires extensive in-human testing. There is a lag between current standards and operation protocols to guide the responsible and ethical conduct of researchers in such in-human studies and the rapid development of the field. This essay presents relevant ethical concerns in early-stage human research from a researcher's perspective.
doi : 10.1002/adhm.202100127
Volume 10, Issue 17 2100127
Wearable technologies hold great promise for disease diagnosis and patient care. Despite the flourishing research activities in this field, only a handful of wearable devices are commercialized and cleared for medical usage. The successful translation of current proof-of-concept prototypes requires extensive in-human testing. There is a lag between current standards and operation protocols to guide the responsible and ethical conduct of researchers in such in-human studies and the rapid development of the field. This essay presents relevant ethical concerns in early-stage human research from a researcher's perspective.
Energy Harvesting Untethered Soft Electronic Devices
Kyun Kyu Kim,Joonhwa Choi,Seung Hwan Ko,
doi : 10.1002/adhm.202002286
Volume 10, Issue 17 2002286
Advances in wearable and stretchable electronic technologies have yielded a wide range of electronic devices that can be conformably worn by, or implanted in humans to measure physiological signals. Moreover, various cutting-edge technologies for battery-free electronic devices have led to advances in healthcare devices that can continuously measure long-term biosignals for advanced human–machine interface and clinical diagnostics. This report presents the recent progress in battery-less, wearable devices using a wide range of energy harvesting sources, such as electromagnetic energy, mechanical energy, and biofuels. Additionally, this report also discusses the principles and working mechanisms of near/far-field communications, triboelectric, thermoelectric, and biofuel technologies.
Conjugated Polymer for Implantable Electronics toward Clinical Application
Yuxin Liu,Vivian Rachel Feig,Zhenan Bao,
doi : 10.1002/adhm.202001916
Volume 10, Issue 17 2001916
Owing to their excellent mechanical flexibility, mixed-conducting electrical property, and extraordinary chemical turnability, conjugated polymers have been demonstrated to be an ideal bioelectronic interface to deliver therapeutic effect in many different chronic diseases. This review article summarizes the latest advances in implantable electronics using conjugated polymers as electroactive materials and identifies remaining challenges and opportunities for developing electronic medicine. Examples of conjugated polymer-based bioelectronic devices are selectively reviewed in human clinical studies or animal studies with the potential for clinical adoption. The unique properties of conjugated polymers are highlighted and exemplified as potential solutions to address the specific challenges in electronic medicine.
Functionalized Elastomers for Intrinsically Soft and Biointegrated Electronics
Hyung Joon Shim,Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo,Yeongjun Kim,Ja Hoon Koo,Dae-Hyeong Kim,
doi : 10.1002/adhm.202002105
Volume 10, Issue 17 2002105
Elastomers are suitable materials for constructing a conformal interface with soft and curvilinear biological tissue due to their intrinsically deformable mechanical properties. Intrinsically soft electronic devices whose mechanical properties are comparable to human tissue can be fabricated using suitably functionalized elastomers. This article reviews recent progress in functionalized elastomers and their application to intrinsically soft and biointegrated electronics. Elastomers can be functionalized by adding appropriate fillers, either nanoscale materials or polymers. Conducting or semiconducting elastomers synthesized and/or processed with these materials can be applied to the fabrication of soft biointegrated electronic devices. For facile integration of soft electronics with the human body, additional functionalization strategies can be employed to improve adhesive or autonomous healing properties. Recently, device components for intrinsically soft and biointegrated electronics, including sensors, stimulators, power supply devices, displays, and transistors, have been developed. Herein, representative examples of these fully elastomeric device components are discussed. Finally, the remaining challenges and future outlooks for the field are presented.
Bioresorbable Metals for Biomedical Applications: From Mechanical Components to Electronic Devices
Hanjun Ryu,Min-Ho Seo,John A. Rogers,
doi : 10.1002/adhm.202002236
Volume 10, Issue 17 2002236
Bioresorbable metals and metal alloys are of growing interest for myriad uses in temporary biomedical implants. Examples range from structural elements as stents, screws, and scaffolds to electronic components as sensors, electrical stimulators, and programmable fluidics. The associated physical forms span mechanically machined bulk parts to lithographically patterned conductive traces, across a diversity of metals and alloys based on magnesium, zinc, iron, tungsten, and others. The result is a rich set of opportunities in healthcare materials science and engineering. This review article summarizes recent advances in this area, starting with an historical perspective followed by a discussion of materials options, considerations in biocompatibility, and device applications. Highlights are in system level bioresorbable electronic platforms that support functions as diagnostics and therapeutics in the context of specific, temporary clinical needs. A concluding section highlights challenges and emerging research directions.
Lab under the Skin: Microneedle Based Wearable Devices
Hazhir Teymourian,Farshad Tehrani,Kuldeep Mahato,Joseph Wang,
doi : 10.1002/adhm.202002255
Volume 10, Issue 17 2002255
While the current smartwatches and cellphones can readily track mobility and vital signs, a new generation of wearable devices is rapidly developing to enable users to monitor their health parameters at the molecular level. Within this emerging class of wearables, microneedle-based transdermal sensors are in a prime position to play a key role in synergizing the significant advantages of dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) as a rich source of clinical indicators and painless skin pricking to allow the collection of real-time diagnostic information. While initial efforts of microneedle sensing focused on ISF extraction coupled with either on-chip analysis or off-chip instrumentation, the latest trend has been oriented toward assembling electrochemical biosensors on the tip of microneedles to allow direct continuous chemical measurements. In this context, significant advances have recently been made in exploiting microneedle-based devices for real-time monitoring of various metabolites, electrolytes, and therapeutics and toward the simultaneous multiplexed detection of key chemical markers; yet, there are several grand challenges that still exist. In this review, we outline current progress, recent trends, and new capabilities of microneedle-empowered sensors, along with the current unmet challenges and a future roadmap toward transforming the latest innovations in the field to commercial products.
Liquid Metal-Based Soft Electronics for Wearable Healthcare
Young-Geun Park,Ga-Yeon Lee,Jiuk Jang,Su Min Yun,Enji Kim,Jang-Ung Park,
doi : 10.1002/adhm.202002280
Volume 10, Issue 17 2002280
Wearable healthcare devices have garnered substantial interest for the realization of personal health management by monitoring the physiological parameters of individuals. Attaining the integrity between the devices and the biological interfaces is one of the greatest challenges to achieving high-quality body information in dynamic conditions. Liquid metals, which exist in the liquid phase at room temperatures, are advanced intensively as conductors for deformable devices because of their excellent stretchability and self-healing ability. The unique surface chemistry of liquid metals allows the development of various sensors and devices in wearable form. Also, the biocompatibility of liquid metals, which is verified through numerous biomedical applications, holds immense potential in uses on the surface and inside of a living body. Here, the recent progress of liquid metal-based wearable electronic devices for healthcare with respect to the featured properties and the processing technologies is discussed. Representative examples of applications such as biosensors, neural interfaces, and a soft interconnection for devices are reviewed. The current challenges and prospects for further development are also discussed, and the future directions of advances in the latest research are explored.
Flexible Wearable Sensors for Cardiovascular Health Monitoring
Shuwen Chen,Jiaming Qi,Shicheng Fan,Zheng Qiao,Joo Chuan Yeo,Chwee Teck Lim,
doi : 10.1002/adhm.202100116
Volume 10, Issue 17 2100116
Cardiovascular diseases account for the highest mortality globally, but recent advances in wearable technologies may potentially change how these illnesses are diagnosed and managed. In particular, continuous monitoring of cardiovascular vital signs for early intervention is highly desired. To this end, flexible wearable sensors that can be comfortably worn over long durations are gaining significant attention. In this review, advanced flexible wearable sensors for monitoring cardiovascular vital signals are outlined and discussed. Specifically, the functional materials, configurations, mechanisms, and recent advances of these flexible sensors for heart rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, and blood glucose monitoring are highlighted. Different mechanisms in bioelectric, mechano-electric, optoelectric, and ultrasonic wearable sensors are presented to monitor cardiovascular vital signs from different body locations. Present challenges, possible strategies, and future directions of these wearable sensors are also discussed. With rapid development, these flexible wearable sensors will potentially be applicable for both medical diagnosis and daily healthcare use in tackling cardiovascular diseases.
Recent Advances in Printing Technologies of Nanomaterials for Implantable Wireless Systems in Health Monitoring and Diagnosis
Robert Herbert,Hyo-Ryoung Lim,Sehyun Park,Jong-Hoon Kim,Woon-Hong Yeo,
doi : 10.1002/adhm.202100158
Volume 10, Issue 17 2100158
The development of wireless implantable sensors and integrated systems, enabled by advances in flexible and stretchable electronics technologies, is emerging to advance human health monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment. Progress in material and fabrication strategies allows for implantable electronics for unobtrusive monitoring via seamlessly interfacing with tissues and wirelessly communicating. Combining new nanomaterials and customizable printing processes offers unique possibilities for high-performance implantable electronics. Here, this report summarizes the recent progress and advances in nanomaterials and printing technologies to develop wireless implantable sensors and electronics. Advances in materials and printing processes are reviewed with a focus on challenges in implantable applications. Demonstrations of wireless implantable electronics and advantages based on these technologies are discussed. Lastly, existing challenges and future directions of nanomaterials and printing are described.
Wearable Glucose Monitoring and Implantable Drug Delivery Systems for Diabetes Management
Jinyuan Zhang,Jian Xu,Jongcheon Lim,James K. Nolan,Hyowon Lee,Chi Hwan Lee,
doi : 10.1002/adhm.202100194
Volume 10, Issue 17 2100194
The global cost of diabetes care exceeds $1 trillion each year with more than $327 billion being spent in the United States alone. Despite some of the advances in diabetes care including continuous glucose monitoring systems and insulin pumps, the technology associated with managing diabetes has largely remained unchanged over the past several decades. With the rise of wearable electronics and novel functional materials, the field is well-poised for the next generation of closed-loop diabetes care. Wearable glucose sensors implanted within diverse platforms including skin or on-tooth tattoos, skin-mounted patches, eyeglasses, contact lenses, fabrics, mouthguards, and pacifiers have enabled noninvasive, unobtrusive, and real-time analysis of glucose excursions in ambulatory care settings. These wearable glucose sensors can be integrated with implantable drug delivery systems, including an insulin pump, glucose responsive insulin release implant, and islets transplantation, to form self-regulating closed-loop systems. This review article encompasses the emerging trends and latest innovations of wearable glucose monitoring and implantable insulin delivery technologies for diabetes management with a focus on their advanced materials and construction. Perspectives on the current unmet challenges of these strategies are also discussed to motivate future technological development toward improved patient care in diabetes management.
Recent Advances of Energy Solutions for Implantable Bioelectronics
Hongwei Sheng,Xuetao Zhang,Jie Liang,Mingjiao Shao,Erqing Xie,Cunjiang Yu,Wei Lan,
doi : 10.1002/adhm.202100199
Volume 10, Issue 17 2100199
The emerging field of implantable bioelectronics has attracted widespread attention in modern society because it can improve treatment outcomes, reduce healthcare costs, and lead to an improvement in the quality of life. However, their continuous operation is often limited by conventional bulky and rigid batteries with a limited lifespan, which must be surgically removed after completing their missions and/or replaced after being exhausted. Herein, this paper gives a comprehensive review of recent advances in nonconventional energy solutions for implantable bioelectronics, emphasizing the miniaturized, flexible, biocompatible, and biodegradable power devices. According to their source of energy, the promising alternative energy solutions are sorted into three main categories, including energy storage devices (batteries and supercapacitors), internal energy-harvesting devices (including biofuel cells, piezoelectric/triboelectric energy harvesters, thermoelectric and biopotential power generators), and external wireless power transmission technologies (including inductive coupling/radiofrequency, ultrasound-induced, and photovoltaic devices). Their fundamentals, materials strategies, structural design, output performances, animal experiments, and typical biomedical applications are also discussed. It is expected to offer complementary power sources to extend the battery lifetime of bioelectronics while acting as an independent power supply. Thereafter, the existing challenges and perspectives associated with these powering devices are also outlined, with a focus on implantable bioelectronics.
Recent Progress in Development of Wearable Pressure Sensors Derived from Biological Materials
Hong Pan,Tae-Woo Lee,
doi : 10.1002/adhm.202100460
Volume 10, Issue 17 2100460
This review summarizes recent progress in the use of biological materials (biomaterials) in wearable pressure sensors. Biomaterials are abundant, sustainable, biocompatible, and biodegradable. Especially, many have sophisticated hierarchical structure and biological characteristics, which are attractive candidates for facile and ecologically-benign fabrication of wearable pressure sensors that are biocompatible, biodegradable, and highly sensitivity. The biomaterials and structures that use them in wearable pressure sensors that exploit sensing mechanisms such as piezoelectric, triboelectric, piezoresistive and capacitive effects are present. Finally, remaining impediments are discussed to use of biomaterials in wearable pressure sensors.
Soft Wearable Healthcare Materials and Devices
Quanxia Lyu,Shu Gong,Jialiang Yin,Jennifer M. Dyson,Wenlong Cheng,
doi : 10.1002/adhm.202100577
Volume 10, Issue 17 2100577
In spite of advances in electronics and internet technologies, current healthcare remains hospital-centred. Disruptive technologies are required to translate state-of-art wearable devices into next-generation patient-centered diagnosis and therapy. In this review, recent advances in the emerging field of soft wearable materials and devices are summarized. A prerequisite for such future healthcare devices is the need of novel materials to be mechanically compliant, electrically conductive, and biologically compatible. It is begun with an overview of the two viable design strategies reported in the literatures, which is followed by description of state-of-the-art wearable healthcare devices for monitoring physical, electrophysiological, chemical, and biological signals. Self-powered wearable bioenergy devices are also covered and sensing systems, as well as feedback-controlled wearable closed-loop biodiagnostic and therapy systems. Finally, it is concluded with an overall summary and future perspective.
Wireless Power Transfer and Telemetry for Implantable Bioelectronics
Seungwon Yoo,Jonghun Lee,Hyunwoo Joo,Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo,Sanghoek Kim,Dae-Hyeong Kim,
doi : 10.1002/adhm.202100614
Volume 10, Issue 17 2100614
Implantable bioelectronic devices are becoming useful and prospective solutions for various diseases owing to their ability to monitor or manipulate body functions. However, conventional implantable devices (e.g., pacemaker and neurostimulator) are still bulky and rigid, which is mostly due to the energy storage component. In addition to mechanical mismatch between the bulky and rigid implantable device and the soft human tissue, another significant drawback is that the entire device should be surgically replaced once the initially stored energy is exhausted. Besides, retrieving physiological information across a closed epidermis is a tricky procedure. However, wireless interfaces for power and data transfer utilizing radio frequency (RF) microwave offer a promising solution for resolving such issues. While the RF interfacing devices for power and data transfer are extensively investigated and developed using conventional electronics, their application to implantable bioelectronics is still a challenge owing to the constraints and requirements of in vivo environments, such as mechanical softness, small module size, tissue attenuation, and biocompatibility. This work elucidates the recent advances in RF-based power transfer and telemetry for implantable bioelectronics to tackle such challenges.
Flexible Electrodes for In Vivo and In Vitro Electrophysiological Signal Recording
Mengjia Zhu,Huimin Wang,Shuo Li,Xiaoping Liang,Mingchao Zhang,Xiaochuan Dai,Yingying Zhang,
doi : 10.1002/adhm.202100646
Volume 10, Issue 17 2100646
A variety of electrophysiological signals (electrocardiography, electromyography, electroencephalography, etc.) are generated during the physiological activities of human bodies, which can be collected by electrodes and thus provide critical insights into health status or facilitate fundamental scientific research. The long-term stable and high-quality recording of electrophysiological signals is the premise for their further applications, leading to demands for flexible electrodes with similar mechanical modulus and minimized irritation to human bodies. This review summarizes the latest advances in flexible electrodes for the acquisition of various electrophysiological signals. First, the concept of electrophysiological signals and the characteristics of different subcategory signals are introduced. Second, the invasive and noninvasive methods are reviewed for electrophysiological signal recording with a highlight on the design of flexible electrodes, followed by a discussion on their material selection. Subsequently, the applications of the electrophysiological signal acquisition in pathological diagnosis and restoration of body functions are discussed, showing the advantages of flexible electrodes. Finally, the main challenges and opportunities in this field are discussed. It is believed that the further exploration of materials for flexible electrodes and the combination of multidisciplinary technologies will boost the applications of flexible electrodes for medical diagnosis and human–machine interface.
Wireless Power Delivery Techniques for Miniature Implantable Bioelectronics
Amanda Singer,Jacob T. Robinson,
doi : 10.1002/adhm.202100664
Volume 10, Issue 17 2100664
Progress in implanted bioelectronic technology offers the opportunity to develop more effective tools for personalized electronic medicine. While there are numerous clinical and pre-clinical applications for these devices, power delivery to these systems can be challenging. Wireless battery-free devices offer advantages such as a smaller and lighter device footprint and reduced failures and infections by eliminating lead wires. However, with the development of wireless technologies, there are fundamental tradeoffs between five essential factors: power, miniaturization, depth, alignment tolerance, and transmitter distance, while still allowing devices to work within safety limits. These tradeoffs mean that multiple forms of wireless power transfer are necessary for different devices to best meet the needs for a given biological target. Here six different types of wireless power transfer technologies used in bioelectronic implants—inductive coupling, radio frequency, mid-field, ultrasound, magnetoelectrics, and light—are reviewed in context of the five tradeoffs listed above. This core group of wireless power modalities is then used to suggest possible future bioelectronic technologies and their biological applications.
Machine Learning-Reinforced Noninvasive Biosensors for Healthcare
Kaiyi Zhang,Jianwu Wang,Tianyi Liu,Yifei Luo,Xian Jun Loh,Xiaodong Chen,
doi : 10.1002/adhm.202100734
Volume 10, Issue 17 2100734
The emergence and development of noninvasive biosensors largely facilitate the collection of physiological signals and the processing of health-related data. The utilization of appropriate machine learning algorithms improves the accuracy and efficiency of biosensors. Machine learning-reinforced biosensors are started to use in clinical practice, health monitoring, and food safety, bringing a digital revolution in healthcare. Herein, the recent advances in machine learning-reinforced noninvasive biosensors applied in healthcare are summarized. First, different types of noninvasive biosensors and physiological signals collected are categorized and summarized. Then machine learning algorithms adopted in subsequent data processing are introduced and their practical applications in biosensors are reviewed. Finally, the challenges faced by machine learning-reinforced biosensors are raised, including data privacy and adaptive learning capability, and their prospects in real-time monitoring, out-of-clinic diagnosis, and onsite food safety detection are proposed.
Ultrasound-Powered Implants: A Critical Review of Piezoelectric Material Selection and Applications
Brendan L. Turner,Seedevi Senevirathne,Katie Kilgour,Darragh McArt,Manus Biggs,Stefano Menegatti,Michael A. Daniele,
doi : 10.1002/adhm.202100986
Volume 10, Issue 17 2100986
Ultrasound-powered implants (UPIs) represent cutting edge power sources for implantable medical devices (IMDs), as their powering strategy allows for extended functional lifetime, decreased size, increased implant depth, and improved biocompatibility. IMDs are limited by their reliance on batteries. While batteries proved a stable power supply, batteries feature relatively large sizes, limited life spans, and toxic material compositions. Accordingly, energy harvesting and wireless power transfer (WPT) strategies are attracting increasing attention by researchers as alternative reliable power sources. Piezoelectric energy scavenging has shown promise for low power applications. However, energy scavenging devices need be located near sources of movement, and the power stream may suffer from occasional interruptions. WPT overcomes such challenges by more stable, on-demand power to IMDs. Among the various forms of WPT, ultrasound powering offers distinct advantages such as low tissue-mediated attenuation, a higher approved safe dose (720 mW cm?2), and improved efficiency at smaller device sizes. This study presents and discusses the state-of-the-art in UPIs by reviewing piezoelectric materials and harvesting devices including lead-based inorganic, lead-free inorganic, and organic polymers. A comparative discussion is also presented of the functional material properties, architecture, and performance metrics, together with an overview of the applications where UPIs are being deployed.
Wireless and Flexible Skin Moisture and Temperature Sensor Sheets toward the Study of Thermoregulator Center
Yuyao Lu,Yusuke Fujita,Satoko Honda,Shin-Hsin Yang,Yan Xuan,Kaichen Xu,Takayuki Arie,Seiji Akita,Kuniharu Takei,
doi : 10.1002/adhm.202100103
Volume 10, Issue 17 2100103
A disorder in the thermoregulator center in a human body leads to some potential diseases such as fever and hyperthyroidism. To predict these diseases early, monitoring the health condition of the human body due to the influence of thermoregulation disorders is important. Although extensive works are performed on sweat-rate detection by constructing microfluidic channels, skin-moisture evaporation before sweating remains unknown. This work proposes a wireless and flexible sensor sheet to investigate the thermoregulatory responses of different people under cold stimulation and exercise by measuring the temperature and moisture variations on the finger skin. An integrated flexible sensor system consists of a ZnIn2S4 nanosheet-based humidity sensor and carbon nanotube/SnO2 temperature sensor. The results exhibit distinct thermoregulation abilities of five volunteers. Interestingly, the sudden increase in finger moisture that results from the excitation by the sympathetic nerve is observed during the cold-stimulus test. Although further studies are required to predict the potential diseases resulted from thermoregulation disorders in human body, this study provides a possibility of continuous and real-time monitoring of thermoregulatory activities via skin moisture and temperature detection using a flexible sensor sheet.
Wireless, Skin-Interfaced Devices for Pediatric Critical Care: Application to Continuous, Noninvasive Blood Pressure Monitoring
Claire Liu,Jin-Tae Kim,Sung Soo Kwak,Aurelie Hourlier-Fargette,Raudel Avila,Jamie Vogl,Andreas Tzavelis,Ha Uk Chung,Jong Yoon Lee,Dong Hyun Kim,Dennis Ryu,Kelsey B. Fields,Joanna L. Ciatti,Shupeng Li,Masahiro Irie,Allison Bradley,Avani Shukla,Jairo Chavez,Emma C. Dunne,Seung Sik Kim,Jungwoo Kim,Jun Bin Park,Han Heul Jo,Joohee Kim,Michael C. Johnson,Jean Won Kwak,Surabhi R. Madhvapathy,Shuai Xu,Casey M. Rand,Lauren E. Marsillio,Sue J. Hong,Yonggang Huang,Debra E. Weese-Mayer,John A. Rogers
doi : 10.1002/adhm.202100383
Volume 10, Issue 17 2100383
Indwelling arterial lines, the clinical gold standard for continuous blood pressure (BP) monitoring in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), have significant drawbacks due to their invasive nature, ischemic risk, and impediment to natural body movement. A noninvasive, wireless, and accurate alternative would greatly improve the quality of patient care. Recently introduced classes of wireless, skin-interfaced devices offer capabilities in continuous, precise monitoring of physiologic waveforms and vital signs in pediatric and neonatal patients, but have not yet been employed for continuous tracking of systolic and diastolic BP—critical for guiding clinical decision-making in the PICU. The results presented here focus on materials and mechanics that optimize the system-level properties of these devices to enhance their reliable use in this context, achieving full compatibility with the range of body sizes, skin types, and sterilization schemes typically encountered in the PICU. Systematic analysis of the data from these devices on 23 pediatric patients, yields derived, noninvasive BP values that can be quantitatively validated against direct recordings from arterial lines. The results from this diverse cohort, including those under pharmacological protocols, suggest that wireless, skin-interfaced devices can, in certain circumstances of practical utility, accurately and continuously monitor BP in the PICU patient population.
Scaling Metal-Elastomer Composites toward Stretchable Multi-Helical Conductive Paths for Robust Responsive Wearable Health Devices
Yue Zhao,Yu Jun Tan,Weidong Yang,Shaohua Ling,Zijie Yang,Ju Teng Teo,Hian Hian See,David Kwok Hung Lee,Dingjie Lu,Shihao Li,Xianting Zeng,Zhuangjian Liu,Benjamin C.K. Tee,
doi : 10.1002/adhm.202100221
Volume 10, Issue 17 2100221
Stretchable electronics have advanced rapidly and many applications require high repeatability and robustness under various mechanical deformations. It has been described here that how a highly stretchable and reliable conductor composite made from helical copper wires and a soft elastomer, named eHelix, can provide mechanically robust and strain-insensitive electronic conductivity for wearable devices. The reversibility of the mechanical behavior of the metal-elastomer system has been studied using finite element modeling methods. Optimal design parameters of such helical metal-elastomer structures are found. The scaling of multiple copper wires into such helical shapes to form a Multi-eHelix system is further shown. With the same elastomer volume, Multi-eHelix has more conductive paths and a higher current density than the single-eHelix. Integrations of these eHelix stretchable conductors with fabrics showed wearable displays that can survive machine-washes and hundreds of mechanical loading cycles. The integration of the eHelix developed by us with a wearable optical heart rate sensor enabled a wearable health monitoring system that can display measured heart rates on clothing. Furthermore, Multi-eHelix conductors are used to connect flexible printed circuit boards and piezoresistive sensors on a tactile sensing glove for the emerging sensorized prosthetics.
Conducting Polymer-Ionic Liquid Electrode Arrays for High-Density Surface Electromyography
Santiago Velasco-Bosom,Nuzli Karam,Alejandro Carnicer-Lombarte,Johannes Gurke,Nerea Casado,Liliana C. Tomé,David Mecerreyes,George G. Malliaras,
doi : 10.1002/adhm.202100374
Volume 10, Issue 17 2100374
Surface electromyography (EMG) is used as a medical diagnostic and to control prosthetic limbs. Electrode arrays that provide large-area, high density recordings have the potential to yield significant improvements in both fronts, but the need remains largely unfulfilled. Here, digital fabrication techniques are used to make scalable electrode arrays that capture EMG signals with mm spatial resolution. Using electrodes made of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) composites with the biocompatible ionic liquid (IL) cholinium lactate, the arrays enable high quality spatiotemporal recordings from the forearm of volunteers. These recordings allow to identify the motions of the index, little, and middle fingers, and to directly visualize the propagation of polarization/depolarization waves in the underlying muscles. This work paves the way for scalable fabrication of cutaneous electrophysiology arrays for personalized medicine and highly articulate prostheses.
