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Understanding the obesity paradox in cancer: looking to body composition and tumor-specific biology to understand this complex association
Alejandro Sanchez, Helena Furberg
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa317
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 1–2
BMI and mortality—time to revisit current recommendations for risk assessment
Tobias Pischon
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa324
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 3–4
About time: eating timing is a complex risk factor for obesity
Leah E Cahill
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa329
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 5–6
The importance of food systems and the environment for nutrition
Jessica Fanzo, Alexandra L Bellows, Marie L Spiker, Andrew L Thorne-Lyman, Martin W Bloem
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa313
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 7–16
Global and local food system transformation is necessary in order to ensure the delivery of healthy, safe, and nutritious foods in both sustainable and equitable ways. Food systems are complex entities that affect diets, human health, and a range of other outcomes including economic growth, natural resource and environmental resiliency, and sociocultural factors. However, food systems contribute to and are vulnerable to ongoing climate and environmental changes that threaten their sustainability. Although there has been increased focus on this topic in recent years, many gaps in our knowledge persist on the relation between environmental factors, food systems, and nutritional outcomes. In this article, we summarize this emerging field and describe what innovative nutrition research is needed in order to bring about food policy changes in the era of climate disruption and environmental degradation.
Higher eating frequency is associated with lower adiposity and robust circadian rhythms: a cross-sectional study
Mar?a Fernanda Zer?n-Rugerio, Antoni D?ez-Noguera, Maria Izquierdo-Pulido, Trinitat Cambras
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa282
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 17–27
Although overweight and obesity are assumed to arise from an energy imbalance, evidence has shown that the frequency and timing of meals are also potential risk factors for obesity. However, the lack of a consistent approach to define eating patterns relative to internal circadian rhythms limits the extent of these findings.
Replacing white rice bars with peanuts as snacks in the habitual diet improves metabolic syndrome risk among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial
Di Wang, Liang Sun, Xiaoran Liu, Zhenhua Niu, Shuangshuang Chen ...
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa307
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 28–35
Observational studies have suggested that intake of nuts is associated with lower risk of cardiometabolic diseases, whereas refined grain consumption has been linked to higher risk. Little is known about whether substituting white rice, a refined grain, with nuts may confer benefit among adults at high risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
Dietary pattern trajectories across adolescence and early adulthood and their associations with childhood and parental factors
Geeta Appannah, Kevin Murray, Gina Trapp, Michael Dymock, Wendy Hazel Oddy ...
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa281
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 36–46
Although adolescent dietary patterns tend to be of poor quality, it is unclear whether dietary patterns established in adolescence persist into adulthood.
Inflammation correction in micronutrient deficiency with censored inflammatory biomarkers
Santu Ghosh, Anura V Kurpad, Harshpal S Sachdev, Tinku Thomas
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa285
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 47–54
Biomarkers of micronutrient status vary with inflammation, and can be corrected by a regression-based approach [Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA)] using measured concentrations of inflammation biomarkers, e.g., C-reactive protein (CRP) and/or ?1-acid-glycoprotein (AGP). However, this is confounded when inflammation is measured with multiple assays with variable limits of detection (LOD) and lower limits of quantification (LLOQ).
Diagnostic performance of midupper arm circumference for detecting severe wasting among infants aged 1–6 months in Ethiopia
Beshada R Jima, Hamid Y Hassen, Yalemwork Getnet, Paluku Bahwere, Seifu H Gebreyesus
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa294
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 55–62
Midupper arm circumference (MUAC) is used as an independent diagnostic tool to detect wasting in children aged 6–59 mo. However, little is known about the diagnostic performance of MUAC for detecting wasting among infants aged 1–6 mo.
Dietary taste patterns in early childhood: the Generation R Study
Anh N Nguyen, Astrid W B van Langeveld, Jeanne H M de Vries, M Arfan Ikram, Cees de Graaf ...
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa296
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 63–69
Taste preference is an important determinant of dietary intake and is influenced by taste exposure in early life. However, data on dietary taste patterns in early childhood are scarce.
Very low ileal nitrogen and amino acid digestibility of zein compared to whey protein isolate in healthy volunteers
Juliane Calvez, Simon Benoit, Julien Piedcoq, Nadezda Khodorova, Dalila Azzout-Marniche ...
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa274
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 70–82
Whey protein and zein are of nutritional interest due to their high leucine content, but little data are available on their amino acid (AA) ileal digestibility.
Vitamin D in human serum and adipose tissue after supplementation
Cora M Best, Devon V Riley, Thomas J Laha, Hannah Pflaum, Leila R Zelnick ...
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa295
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 83–91
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration is an indicator of vitamin D exposure, but it is also influenced by clinical characteristics that affect 25(OH)D production and clearance. Vitamin D is the precursor to 25(OH)D but is analytically challenging to measure in biological specimens.
Vitamin E catabolism in women, as modulated by food and by fat, studied using 2 deuterium-labeled ?-tocopherols in a 3-phase, nonrandomized crossover study
Maret G Traber, Scott W Leonard, Ifechukwude Ebenuwa, Pierre-Christian Violet, Mahtab Niyyati ...
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa298
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 92–103
Human vitamin E (?-tocopherol) catabolism is a mechanism for regulating whole-body ?-tocopherol.
Vitamin D status in infancy and cardiometabolic health in adolescence
Joshua Garfein, Kerry S Flannagan, Sheila Gahagan, Raquel Burrows, Betsy Lozoff ...
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa273
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 104–112
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with obesity-related conditions, but the role of early life vitamin D status on the development of obesity is poorly understood.
Longitudinal associations of modifiable risk factors in the first 1000 days with weight status and metabolic risk in early adolescence
Jiajin Hu, Izzuddin M Aris, Pi-I D Lin, Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman, Wei Perng ...
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa297
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 113–122
Many studies have identified early-life risk factors for childhood overweight/obesity (OwOb), but few have evaluated how they combine to influence later cardiometabolic health.
Revisiting the critical weight hypothesis for regulation of pubertal timing in boys
Maria Bygdell, Jenny M Kindblom, John-Olov Jansson, Claes Ohlsson
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa304
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 123–128
Recent findings indicate that there is a body weight–sensing homeostatic regulation of body weight in postpubertal rodents and humans. It is possible that body weight sensing also might be involved in the regulation of pubertal timing. Although an early small study suggested that there is a critical body weight for pubertal timing in girls, most studies have focused on BMI and reported an inverse association between BMI and pubertal timing.
The obesity paradox for mid- and long-term mortality in older cancer patients: a prospective multicenter cohort study
Claudia Martinez-Tapia, Thomas Diot, Nadia Oubaya, Elena Paillaud, Johanne Poisson ...
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa238
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 129–141
Overweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes. However, substantial literature suggests that they are associated with longer survival among older people. This “obesity paradox” remains controversial. In the context of cancer, the association between overweight/obesity and mortality is complicated by concomitant weight loss (WL). Sex differences in the relation between BMI (in kg/m2) and survival have also been observed.
Adiposity and mortality in Korean adults: a population-based prospective cohort study
Hannah Oh, So-Young Kwak, Garam Jo, Juhee Lee, Dahyun Park ...
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa258
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 142–153
The Asia-Pacific obesity classification recommends using lower BMI cutoffs in Asians compared with those in Western populations. However, the supporting evidence is scarce and little is known about the exact shape of the relations between adiposity and mortality in Asians.
Late eating is associated with cardiometabolic risk traits, obesogenic behaviors, and impaired weight loss
Hassan S Dashti, Puri G?mez-Abell?n, Jingyi Qian, Alberto Esteban, Eva Morales ...
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa264
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 154–161
There is a paucity of evidence regarding the role of food timing on cardiometabolic health and weight loss in adults.
Blood polyphenol concentrations and differentiated thyroid carcinoma in women from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study
Raul Zamora-Ros, Leila Lujan-Barroso, David Achaintre, Silvia Franceschi, Cecilie Kyr? ...
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa277
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 162–171
Polyphenols are natural compounds with anticarcinogenic properties in cellular and animal models, but epidemiological evidence determining the associations of these compounds with thyroid cancer (TC) is lacking.
Cost-effectiveness of teduglutide in pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome: Markov modeling using traditional cost-effectiveness criteria
Vikram Kalathur Raghu, Jeffrey A Rudolph, Kenneth J Smith
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa278
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 172–178
Teduglutide use in pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome can aid in the achievement of enteral autonomy, but with a price of >$400,000 per y.
Folate, vitamin B-12, and cognitive function in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study
Tahani Boumenna, Tammy M Scott, Jong-Soo Lee, Natalia Palacios, Katherine L Tucker
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa293
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 179–186
There is evidence that low plasma vitamin B-12 and folate individually, as well as an imbalance of high folic acid and low vitamin B-12 status, may be associated with lower cognitive function.
Higher habitual flavonoid intakes are associated with a lower risk of peripheral artery disease hospitalizations
Nicola P Bondonno, Kevin Murray, Aedin Cassidy, Catherine P Bondonno, Joshua R Lewis ...
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa300
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 187–199
The role of nutrition in the primary prevention of peripheral artery disease (PAD), the third leading cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, is undetermined. Flavonoids may attenuate atherosclerosis and therefore persons who consume flavonoid-rich foods may have a lower risk of developing PAD.
Dietary carotenoids related to risk of incident Alzheimer dementia (AD) and brain AD neuropathology: a community-based cohort of older adults
Changzheng Yuan, Hui Chen, Yamin Wang, Julie A Schneider, Walter C Willett ...
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa303
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 200–208
Studies have reported a protective relation to cognitive decline with long-term intake of total and individual dietary carotenoids. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been clearly established in humans.
Associations of human milk oligosaccharides and bioactive proteins with infant growth and development among Malawian mother-infant dyads
Josh M Jorgensen, Rebecca Young, Per Ashorn, Ulla Ashorn, David Chaima ...
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa272
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 209–220
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and bioactive breast milk proteins have many beneficial properties. Information is sparse regarding associations between these milk constituents and infant growth and development in lower-income countries.
Daily consumption of pro-vitamin A biofortified (yellow) cassava improves serum retinol concentrations in preschool children in Nigeria: a randomized controlled trial
Ibukun Afolami, Martin N Mwangi, Folake Samuel, Erick Boy, Paul Ilona ...
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa290
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 221–231
Vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Pro-vitamin A biofortified (yellow) cassava has the potential to contribute significantly to improve vitamin A status, especially in populations that are difficult to reach with other strategies.
NIH Workshop Report: sensory nutrition and disease
Danielle R Reed, Amber L Alhadeff, Gary K Beauchamp, Nirupa Chaudhari, Valerie B Duffy ...
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa302
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 232–245
Corrigendum to: Drivers of stunting reduction in Peru: a country case study. Am J Clin Nutr 2020;112:816S–829S
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa356
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Page 246
Invitation for Nominations/Applications for 2021
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa386
Volume 113, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 253–254
