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The severity and atypical presentations of COVID-19 infection in pediatrics
Nagwan Y. Saleh, Hesham M. Aboelghar, Sherif S. Salem, Reda A. Ibrahem, Fatma O. Khalil, Ahmed S. Abdelgawad, Asmaa A. Mahmoud
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02614-2
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 144.
Emergence of 2019-nCoV attracted global attention and WHO declared COVID-19 a public health emergency of international concern. Therefore we aimed to explore the severity and atypical manifestations of COVID-19 among children.
Time to detection of anemia and its predictors among children living with HIV at Debre Tabor and University of Gondar Compressive Specialized Hospitals, 2020: a multicentre retrospective follow-up study
Ermias Sisay Chanie, Dejen Getanh Feleke, Sintayehu Asnakew, Fisha Alebel GebreEyesus, Aragaw Tesfaw, Wubet Alebachew Bayih, Agimasie Tigabu, Yared Asmare Anyalem, Abraham Tsedalu Amare, Demeke Mesfin Belay, Fentaw Teshome Dagnaw, Biruk Beletew Abate
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02616-0
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 151.
Even though antiretroviral therapy access for HIV infected children increased dramatically, anemia have been continued as a challenge regardless of a cluster of differentiation (CD4) count and viral load. Hence, this study aimed to assess the time to detection of anemia and its predictors among children living with HIV at Debre Tabor and university of Gondar compressive specialized hospital, 2020.
Identification of a novel GRIN2D variant in a neonate with intractable epileptic encephalopathy-a case report
Jiancheng Jiao, Li Li, Min Sun, Junchen Fang, Lingzhi Meng, Yudong Zhang, Chao Jia, Li Ma
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02462-6
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 5.
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. The functional NMDA receptors are heterotetramers consisting mainly of two GluN1 and two GluN2 subunits. GluN2 is encoded by the GRIN2D gene. A few case series have shown that GRIN2D variants are linked to developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. In this article, we report a novel GRIN2D variant, namely c.2021C?>?A (p.T674K) in a neonate with intractable epileptic encephalopathy.
Subcutaneous abscess caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 28F in an infant: a case report
Tomohiro Hirade, Ai Harada, Daisuke Koike, Yasuhiro Abe, Tsuyoshi Higuchi, Fumihide Kato, Bin Chang, Akiyoshi Nariai
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02465-3
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 8.
Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is defined by the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae on culture from samples obtained from a normally sterile site. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) have been developed for the prevention of IPD that is caused by highly virulent serotypes. Despite the effective reduction of IPD caused by vaccine serotypes after the introduction of PCV, there has been a rapid increase in the incidence of IPD caused by non-vaccine serotypes, and serotype replacement has become a global issue.
A rare case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in a newborn with 58 perforations in the small intestine
Yuanyuan Xu, Danqun Jin, Huan Ye, Youfeng Liang
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02466-2
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 9.
Community-acquired infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) occur very rarely.
Clinical and genetic characteristics of concomitant Mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA and neurogenic bladder in children: two case reports and literature review
Zhuhui Ge, Jianhua Mao, Huijun Shen, Yu Xu, Haidong Fu, Weiwei Zhang, Dongyan Li
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02484-0
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 18.
Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (MPS IVA; Morquio A syndrome) is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder. Up to now, reports on the clinical characteristics of MPS IVA mainly focused on patients with progressive bone dysplasia and multiple organ damage, while the effects of this disorder on neurogenic bladder have not been reported. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to report two cases of nocturnal enuresis finally diagnosed as neurogenic bladder in MPS IVA.
Acute development of syringomyelia following TBM in a pediatric case
Ningyuan Wen, Fumin Zhao, Yu Zhu, Fenglin Jia, Chaomin Wan, Yang Wen
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02493-7
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 36.
Syringomyelia secondary to tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is rarely reported, and is usually a late complication. Acute development of syringomyelia following TBM is an exceedingly rare condition with only a few cases published in adults and no previous reports in children.
Beyond the guidelines management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a case report of a girl with polyarticular disease refractory to multiple treatment options and Leri Weill syndrome
Vana Vuki?, Ana Smajo, Mandica Vidovi?, Rudolf Vukojevi?, Miroslav Harja?ek, Lovro Lamot
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02494-6
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 40.
The last two decades brought new treatment options and high quality guidelines into the paediatric rheumatologic practice. Nevertheless, a number of patients still present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to combination of vague symptoms and unresponsiveness to available treatment modalities.
A child with Imerslund-Gr?sbeck syndrome concealed by co?existing ?-thalassaemia presenting with subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord: a case report
Visvalingam Arunath, Thabitha Jebaseeli Hoole, Asanka Rathnasri, Oshanie Muthukumarana, Ishara Minuri Kumarasiri, Nishadi Dananjani Liyanage, Yasintha Costa, Sachith Mettananda
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02499-1
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 41.
Imerslund-Gr?sbeck syndrome is a rare genetic disease characterised by vitamin B12 deficiency and proteinuria.
Idiopathic splenomegaly in childhood and the spectrum of RAS-associated lymphoproliferative disease: a case report
Geraldine Blanchard-Rohner, Robert J. Ragotte, Anne K. Junker, Mehul Sharma, Kate L. Del Bel, Henry Y. Lu, Stephanie Erdle, Alanna Chomyn, Harinder Gill, Lori B. Tucker, Richard A. Schreiber, Jacob Rozmus, Catherine M. Biggs, Kyla J. Hildebrand, John Wu, Sylvia Stockler-Ipsiroglu, Stuart E. Turvey
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02508-3
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 45.
KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase; OMIM: 190,070) encodes one of three small guanosine triphosphatase proteins belonging to the RAS family. This group of proteins is responsible for cell proliferation, differentiation and inhibition of apoptosis. Gain-of-function variants in KRAS are commonly found in human cancers. Non-malignant somatic KRAS variants underlie a subset of RAS-associated autoimmune leukoproliferative disorders (RALD). RALD is characterized by splenomegaly, persistent monocytosis, hypergammaglobulinemia and cytopenia, but can also include autoimmune features and lymphadenopathy. In this report, we describe a non-malignant somatic variant in KRAS with prominent clinical features of massive splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia.
Facial cleft? The first case of manitoba?oculo?tricho?anal syndrome with novel mutations in China: a case report
Shuchen Gu, Yimin Khoong, Xin Huang, Tao Zan
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02506-5
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 46.
Manitoba-oculo-tricho-anal (MOTA) syndrome is a rare syndrome with only 27 cases reported worldwide so far, but none was reported in the population of Eastern Asia. Such extremely low prevalence might be contributed by misdiagnosis due to its similarities in ocular manifestations with facial cleft. In our study, we discovered the first case of MOTA syndrome in the population of China, with 2 novel FRAS1 related extracellular matrix 1 (FREM1) gene stop-gain mutations confirmed by whole exome sequencing.
Portal vein thrombosis and food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis in a premature newborn with hypereosinophilia: a case report
Cheong-Jun Moon, Tae Hee Kwon, Hyun-Seung Lee
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02510-9
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 49.
Peripheral blood eosinophilia is identified in numerous medical conditions associated with allergic, infectious, and inflammatory processes mostly as reactive eosinophilia with or without tissue eosinophilia. In hospitalized neonates, eosinophilia is common with an inverse relationship with gestational age and occurs solely as mild eosinophilia in the majority of cases. In the literature, eosinophilia has been proposed as a possible risk factor for venous thromboembolism. However, few reports are found on thromboembolic events including portal vein thrombosis (PVT) associated with eosinophilia in the newborn period.
Severe dyspnea and uncontrolled seizures following meperfluthrin poisoning: a case report
Shengkun Zheng, Shengxin Zhang, Shaoxian Hong, Qing Lou
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02509-2
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 51.
Meperfluthrin is a novel sanitary cyhalothrin insecticide invented in China and has increasingly been used to produce liquid mosquito repellents. Oral meperfluthrin poisoning in human has rarely been reported. Here, we reported a case of meperfluthrin poisoning by ingestion of a meperfluthrin-based liquid mosquito repellent in a 16-month-old infant.
Selumetinib side effects in children treated for plexiform neurofibromas: first case reports of peripheral edema and hair color change
Francesco Baldo, Andrea Magnolato, Egidio Barbi, Irene Bruno
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02530-5
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 67.
Plexiform neurofibromas (PNs) are congenital tumors that affect around 50?% of the subjects with neurofibromatosis type 1. Despite being histologically benign, PNs can grow rapidly, especially in the pediatric age, and cause severe morbidities. In the past, various therapeutic approaches have been proposed to treat these masses, none of which obtained valuable results. Selumetinib, an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) 1 and 2, has been the first molecule to demonstrate the ability of tackling the growth of PNs. The drug’s most common side effects, which usually are mild or moderate, include gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, abdominal pain), dermatologic manifestations (maculo-papular and acneiform rash, paronychia, mucositis), and various laboratory test abnormalities (elevation of creatine kinase and aminotransferase).
Mycoplasma hominis meningitis in an extremely preterm newborn: a case report
Najmus Sehr Ansari, Elizabeth Asztalos, Asaph Rolnitsky
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02532-3
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 69.
Mycoplasma Hominis is a micro-organism which is a part of the human genitourinary tract flora. Neonates are susceptible to acquire this pathogen either in utero or through vertical transmission. In rare cases, it may cause central nervous system infections with severe morbidity and mortality in preterm and term neonates.
Four mutations in MITF, SOX10 and PAX3 genes were identified as genetic causes of waardenburg syndrome in four unrelated Iranian patients: case report
Safoura Zardadi, Sima Rayat, Maryam Hassani Doabsari, Aliagha Alishiri, Mohammad Keramatipour, Zeynab Javanfekr Shahri, Saeid Morovvati
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02521-6
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 70.
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder. The purpose of this study was to investigate clinical and molecular characteristics of WS in four probands from four different Iranian families.
Wolman’s disease presenting with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a case report from Saudi Arabia and literature review
Fahad Alabbas, Ghaleb Elyamany, Talal Alanzi, Tahani Bin Ali, Fatma Albatniji, Huda Alfaraidi
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02541-2
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 72.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and potentially fatal syndrome that is characterized by strong activation of the immune system from hyperinflammatory cytokines. Symptoms of HLH patients include fever, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenia, and hyperferritinemia. Inherited HLH is classified as primary, whereas secondary HLH (sHLH) occurs when acquired from non-inherited reasons that include severe infection, immune deficiency syndrome, autoimmune disorder, neoplasm, and metabolic disorder. Wolman’s disease (WD) is a rare and fatal infantile metabolic disorder caused by lysosomal acid lipase deficiency, that exhibits similar clinical signs and symptoms as HLH. This paper reports the case of an infant diagnosed with WD and who presented with sHLH.
Recurrent variant c.1680C>A in FAM20C gene and genotype-phenotype correlation in a patient with Raine syndrome: a case report
Shruti Bajaj, Fazal Nabi, Jhanvi Shah, Harsh Sheth
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02582-7
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 113.
Bi-allelic mutations in FAM20C gene are known to cause a rare genetic disorder- Raine syndrome (RS). The FAM20C protein binds calcium and phosphorylates proteins involved in biomineralization of bones and teeth. RS is recognized as an osteosclerotic bone dysplasia. It is characterized by distinctive facial features, generalized osteosclerosis and respiratory insufficiency along with periosteal bone formation. RS is typically described as being an aggressive skeletal dysplasia with death in the neonatal period or early infancy. However, in the recent past an increasing number of individuals having an extended life span along with a highly heterogeneous phenotype has led to classifying RS into short and extended lifespan categories.
Severe extensive community acquired aspergillus infection in a full?term infant accompanied with increases in white blood cell counts and C-reactive protein: a case report
Yanli Wang, Wenjing Chen, Wenshen Wu, Dongling Yu, Huiheng Yan, Xiuzhen Ye
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02588-1
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 118.
Aspergillus infection is more common among premature infants in neonatal intensive care units, who have decreased qualitative immune defenses and need various invasive treatment procedures. It is rare in normal full-term neonates, especially in newborn babies from the community. Moreover, the white blood cell (WBC) count and C-reactive protein (CRP) level may be normal or slightly changed in fungal infections, but the neonate reported in this study had significant increases in WBC and CRP. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on a full-term neonate from the community with aspergillus infection accompanied by significant increases in WBC and CRP levels.
Giant congenital nodular melanoma in a newborn: a case report and literature review
Jun Zhou, Meng-xing Lv, Ling Duan, Yu-cheng Xie, Zhi-xiang A, Hong-fang Wu, Yan Gao
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02590-7
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 121.
Malignant melanoma (MM) arises predominantly after adolescence and is uncommon in children. Congenital MM in newborns is even rarer with a dearth of published literature; as a consequence, there is no uniform standard for the pathogenesis and treatment for neonatal malignant melanoma. Herein we report a case of giant congenital nodular MM in a newborn, including its clinical, imaging, pathological and molecular pathological features. This case is the largest giant congenital primary nodular malignant melanoma in utero in neonates currently reported in China.
Novel ERCC2 variant in trichothiodystrophy infant: the first case report in China
Jian-Dong Chen, Wei-Dong Liao, Ling-Ying Wen, Rong-Hua Zhong
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02585-4
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 123.
Trichothiodystrophy (TTD) is a rare, autosomal recessive, multisystem disorder most commonly caused by variants in ERCC2.
Phenylketonuria and juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a case report
Ting Ting Zhu, Jin Wu, Li Yuan Wang, Xiao Mei Sun
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02602-6
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 126.
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic metabolic disorder in which patients have no ability to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine. Several autoimmune diseases have been reported to combine with PKU, co-existent of PKU and Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) has not been presented.
Newborn antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 detected in cord blood after maternal vaccination – a case report
Gilbert Paul, Rudnick Chad
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02618-y
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 138.
Maternal vaccination for Influenza and Tetanus, Diphtheria, acellular Pertussis (TDaP) have been well studied in terms of safety and efficacy for protection of the newborn by placental passage of antibodies. Similar newborn protection would be expected after maternal vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is a significant and urgent need for research regarding safety and efficacy of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy.
Increasing the spectrum of white matter diseases with tigroid pattern on MRI: glutaric aciduria type 1 – case report
Monika Bekiesinska-Figatowska, Marek Duczkowski, Agnieszka Duczkowska, Joanna Taybert, Amanda Krzywdzinska, Jolanta Sykut-Cegielska
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02603-5
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 146.
Most white matter diseases present on magnetic resonance imaging as focal or diffuse T2-hyperintensities. However, in a few of them, radially oriented stripes of low (relatively normal) signal intensity are observed within diffusely affected T2-hyperintense cerebral white matter and are called “tigroid pattern” in the literature. The fornix is a tiny white matter fibers bundle playing crucial role in cognitive functioning, easily overlooked on magnetic resonance imaging and not described in inborn errors of metabolism.
Challenge in diagnosis of late onset necrotizing enterocolitis in a term infant: a case report
Gunadi, Dian Nirmala Sirait, Aditya Rifqi Fauzi, Ninditya Nugroho, Fadil Fahri, William Widitjiarso, Kristy Iskandar, Nurnaningsih
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02626-y
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 152.
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common devastating inflammatory gastrointestinal disease and frequently occurs in premature infants. Here, we reported a case of late-onset NEC in a term neonate with good outcome after surgery for long-term follow-up.
Racially equitable diagnosis of cystic fibrosis using next-generation DNA sequencing: a case report
Bennett O. V. Shum, Glenn Bennett, Akash Navilebasappa, R. Kishore Kumar
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02609-z
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 154.
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is one of the most prevalent autosomal recessive inherited disease in Caucasians. Rates of CF were thought to be negligible in non-Caucasians but growing epidemiological evidence shows CF is more common in Indian, African, Hispanic, Asian, and other ethnic groups than previously thought. Almost all second-tier molecular diagnostic tools currently used to confirm the diagnosis of CF consist of panels of the most common CF-causing DNA variants in Caucasians. However non-Caucasian individuals with CF often have a different spectrum of pathogenic variants than Caucasians, limiting the clinical utility of existing molecular diagnostic panels in this group. As a consequence of racially inequitable CF testing frameworks, non-Caucasians with CF encounter greater delays in diagnosis and associated harms than Caucasians. An unbiased approach of detecting CF-causing DNA variants using full gene sequencing could potentially address racial inequality in current CF testing.
A large retroperitoneal lipoblastoma as an incidental finding: a case report
Elena Gerhard-Hartmann, Verena Wiegering, Clemens Benoit, Thomas Meyer, Andreas Rosenwald, Katja Maurus, Karen Ernestus
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02628-w
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 159.
Lipoblastoma is a rare benign mesenchymal neoplasm of infancy that most commonly occurs on the extremities and trunk but can arise at variable sites of the body. Retroperitoneal lipoblastomas are particularly rare but can grow to enormous size, and preoperative diagnosis is difficult with diverse, mostly malignant differential diagnoses that would lead to aggressive therapy. Since lipoblastoma is a benign tumor that has an excellent prognosis after resection, correct diagnosis is crucial.
Neonatal systemic juvenile Xanthogranuloma with Hydrops diagnosed by Purpura skin biopsy: a case report and literature review
Yohji Uehara, Yuka Sano Wada, Yuka Iwasaki, Kota Yoneda, Yasuhisa Ikuta, Shoichiro Amari, Hidehiko Maruyama, Keiko Tsukamoto, Tetsuya Isayama, Kenichi Sakamoto, Yoko Shioda, Osamu Miyazaki, Rie Irie, Takako Yoshioka, Naoko Mochimaru, Kazue Yoshida, Yushi Ito
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02632-0
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 161.
Systemic juvenile xanthogranuloma is a very rare disease typically presents as skin lesions with yellow papules or nodules and is sometimes fatal. We report a case of congenital neonatal systemic juvenile xanthogranuloma with atypical skin appearance that made the diagnosis difficult.
Association between head circumference at two years and second and fifth year cognition
Beena Koshy, Manikandan Srinivasan, Timiri Palani Murugan, Anuradha Bose, Pamela Christudoss, Venkata Raghava Mohan, Sushil John, Reeba Roshan, Gagandeep Kang
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02543-0
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 74.
Head circumference (HC) measurement is routinely not performed in early childhood and there is conflicting information about its utility in literature. The current study analyses the association between HC at two years of age and cognition at two and five years of age.
Nonresection management of the pancreas for grade III and IV blunt pancreatic injuries in children: a single center’s experience
Dan Zhang, Jiayu Yan, Sarah Tan Siyin, Wenbo Pang, Yajun Chen
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02535-0
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 75.
The treatment of high-grade (III/IV/V) blunt pancreatic injuries remains controversial. The study aims to summarize and evaluate nonresection management of the pancreas for grade III and IV blunt pancreatic injuries in children.
Lipid profile of Mexican children with Down syndrome
Silvestre Garcia-de la Puente, Karla A. Flores-Arizmendi, Mar?a J. Delgado-Montemayor, Tania T. Vargas-Robledo
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02542-1
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 77.
Down syndrome (DS) is associated with various congenital anomalies and metabolic alterations, such as dyslipidemias, that can lead to cardiovascular disease in adulthood. This study was designed to describe the lipid concentrations and the frequency of dyslipidemias in children with DS.
Factors associated with diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection in children under-5?years old in Ghana: an analysis of a national cross-sectional survey
Paschal Awingura Apanga, Maxwell Tii Kumbeni
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02546-x
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 78.
Diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection (ARI) are major causes of morbidity and mortality in children under-5?years old in Ghana. The aim of the study was to assess factors associated with diarrhoea and ARI in children under-5?years old.
Genetic variants and physical activity interact to affect bone density in Hispanic children
Ruixue Hou, Shelley A. Cole, Mariaelisa Graff, Yujie Wang, Karin Haack, Sandra Laston, Nitesh R. Mehta, Roman J. Shypailo, Margaret L. Gourlay, Anthony G. Comuzzie, Kari E. North, Nancy F. Butte, Venkata Saroja Voruganti
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02537-y
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 79.
Our aim was to investigate if moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), calcium intake interacts with bone mineral density (BMD)-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to influence BMD in 750 Hispanic children (4-19y) of the cross-sectional Viva La Familia Study.
Rapid component of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption of children of different weight status after playing active video games
Caio Victor Sousa, Jungyun Hwang, Herbert Gustavo Simoes, Kyung Jin Sun, Amy Shirong Lu
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02528-z
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 80.
Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) of children could indicate the potential of an exercise therapy to treat or prevent obesity. However, EPOC as a result of playing active video games (AVG) has been poorly investigated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the rapid component of EPOC of children with healthy weight and overweight/obesity (according to their BMI percentile) after playing AVGs that feature predominately upper body (UB) and whole-body (WB) movement.
Oral feeding for infants and children receiving nasal continuous positive airway pressure and high flow nasal cannula: a systematic review
Angie Canning, Sally Clarke, Sarah Thorning, Manbir Chauhan, Kelly A Weir
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02531-4
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 83.
The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether introduction of oral feeding for infants and children receiving nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) or high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) respiratory support facilitates achievement of full oral feeding without adverse effects, compared to no oral feeding (NPO; nil per oral) on CPAP or HFNC.
Role of umbilical cord C-peptide levels in early prediction of hypoglycemia in infants of diabetic mothers
Ahlam M. Saber, Magdy A. Mohamed, Abdelrahim A. Sadek, Ramadan A. Mahmoud
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02547-w
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 85.
Until now, diabetes during pregnancy has been associated with a high risk of maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidities and mortalities. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors of hypoglycemia in infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) and to study the relationship between umbilical cord (UC) C peptide levels and the risk of developing hypoglycemia.
Motor-enriched learning for improving pre-reading and word recognition skills in preschool children aged 5–6?years – study protocol for the PLAYMORE randomized controlled trial
Anne K?r Gejl, Anne Sofie B?gh Malling, Linn Damsgaard, Anne-Mette Veber-Nielsen, Jacob Wienecke
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02430-0
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 2.
Results from previous studies suggest that bodily movements, spanning from gestures to whole-body movements, integrated into academic lessons may benefit academic learning. However, only few studies have investigated the effects of movement integrated into reading practice. The PLAYMORE study aims to investigate the effects of two interventions focusing on a close and meaningful coupling between bodily movement and academic content on early pre-reading and word recognition skills in children. Further, the study aims to compare two interventions involving either hand movements (i.e. using arms and hands) or whole-body movements (i.e. using the whole body). Potential mediating factors underlying the link between bodily movement on early pre-reading and word recognition skills will be explored.
The MEDEA childhood asthma study design for mitigation of desert dust health effects: implementation of novel methods for assessment of air pollution exposure and lessons learned
Panayiotis Kouis, Stefania I. Papatheodorou, Maria G. Kakkoura, Nicos Middleton, Emmanuel Galanakis, Eleni Michaelidi, Souzana Achilleos, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Marina Neophytou, Gerasimos Stamatelatos, Christos Kaniklides, Efstathios Revvas, Filippos Tymvios, Chrysanthos Savvides, Petros Koutrakis, Panayiotis K. Yiallouros
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02472-4
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 13.
Desert dust events in Mediterranean countries, originating mostly from the Sahara and Arabian deserts, have been linked to climate change and are associated with significant increase in mortality and hospital admissions from respiratory causes. The MEDEA clinical intervention study in children with asthma is funded by EU LIFE+ program to evaluate the efficacy of recommendations aiming to reduce exposure to desert dust and related health effects.
Effects of nutrition therapy on growth, inflammation and metabolism in immature infants: a study protocol of a double-blind randomized controlled trial (ImNuT)
Kristina Wendel, Helle Cecilie Viekilde Pfeiffer, Drude Merete Fugelseth, Eirik Nestaas, Magnus Domell?f, Bjorn Steen Sk?lhegg, Katja Benedikte Presto Elgst?en, Helge Rootwelt, Rolf Dagfinn Pettersen, Are Hugo Pripp, Tom Stiris, Sissel J. Moltu, the ImNuT Collaboration Group
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02425-x
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 19.
Current nutritional management of infants born very preterm results in significant deficiency of the essential fatty acids (FAs) arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The impact of this deficit on brain maturation and inflammation mediated neonatal morbidities are unknown. The aim of this study is to determine whether early supply of ARA and DHA improves brain maturation and neonatal outcomes in infants born before 29?weeks of gestation.
Study protocol: baby-OSCAR trial: Outcome after Selective early treatment for Closure of patent ductus ARteriosus in preterm babies, a multicentre, masked, randomised placebo-controlled parallel group trial
Samir Gupta, Edmund Juszczak, Pollyanna Hardy, Nimish Subhedar, Jonathan Wyllie, Wilf Kelsall, Sunil Sinha, Sam Johnson, Tracy Roberts, Elisabeth Hutchison, Justine Pepperell, Louise Linsell, Jennifer L. Bell, Kayleigh Stanbury, Marketa Laube, Clare Edwards, David Field, on behalf of the ‘The Baby-OSCAR Collaborative Group’
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02558-7
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 100.
The question of whether to treat patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) early or wait until symptoms appear remains high on the research agenda for neonatal medicine. Around 7000 extremely preterm babies under 29?weeks’ gestation are born in the UK every year. In 40% of cases the PDA will fail to close spontaneously, even by 4?months of age. Untreated PDA can be associated with several serious and life-threatening short and long-term complications. Reliable data to support clinical decisions about PDA treatment are needed to prevent serious complications in high risk babies, while minimising undue exposure of infants. With the availability of routine bedside echocardiography, babies with a large PDA can be diagnosed before they become symptomatic.
Physical ACTivity in Survivorship (PACTS): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial evaluating a goal-directed therapeutic exercise program in pediatric posterior fossa brain tumor survivors
Brooke E. Kohler, Emmah Baque, Carolina X. Sandler, Denise S. K. Brookes, Caroline O. Terranova, Matthew Rixon, Tim Hassall, Stewart G. Trost
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02566-7
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 105.
Posterior fossa brain tumors (PFBT) are the most common solid tumor in children. Recent increases in survival rates are encouraging; however, survivors may experience a plethora of disease- and treatment-related complications that can persist into adulthood. Therapeutic exercise interventions have been shown to improve quality of survivorship in other pediatric cancer diagnoses. There is also evidence that goal-directed interventions are effective at improving motor activities, function, and self-care in children with complex health conditions. Yet, there is currently no evidence on the efficacy of goal-directed therapeutic exercise in pediatric PFBT survivors. The Physical ACTivity in Survivorship (PACTS) study aims to investigate the effects of a novel goal-directed therapeutic exercise program on cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity-related goal attainment in pediatric survivors of PFBT.
Study protocol: a multicenter, uncontrolled, open-label study of palivizumab in neonates, infants, and preschool children at high risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection
Masaaki Mori, Shinichi Watabe, Tomoaki Taguchi, Hisaya Hasegawa, Mika Ishige, Naoyuki Tanuma, Akihiro Hirakawa, Ryuji Koike, Satoshi Kusuda
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02567-6
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 106.
The prophylactic use of anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) antibody (palivizumab) for severe RSV infection is not approved in Japan in specified groups of infants with neuromuscular diseases or other rare diseases associated with reduced ventilation competence or difficulty in expectoration, which increase the risk of exacerbation of severe RSV infection. The objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of palivizumab in pediatric patients with those rare diseases for which palivizumab is not indicated at present.
NutriBrain: protocol for a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial to evaluate the effects of a nutritional product on brain integrity in preterm infants
Lisa M. Hortensius, Edith H. van den Hooven, Jeroen Dudink, Maria Luisa Tataranno, Ruurd M. van Elburg, Manon J. N. L. Benders
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02570-x
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 132.
The gut microbiota and the brain are connected through different mechanisms. Bacterial colonisation of the gut plays a substantial role in normal brain development, providing opportunities for nutritional neuroprotective interventions that target the gut microbiome. Preterm infants are at risk for brain injury, especially white matter injury, mediated by inflammation and infection. Probiotics, prebiotics and L-glutamine are nutritional components that have individually already demonstrated beneficial effects in preterm infants, mostly by reducing infections or modulating the inflammatory response. The NutriBrain study aims to evaluate the benefits of a combination of probiotics, prebiotics and L-glutamine on white matter microstructure integrity (i.e., development of white matter tracts) at term equivalent age in very and extremely preterm born infants.
Impact of systematic early tuberculosis detection using Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra in children with severe pneumonia in high tuberculosis burden countries (TB-Speed pneumonia): a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial
Aurélia Vessière, Hélène Font, Delphine Gabillard, Laurence Adonis-Koffi, Laurence Borand, Chishala Chabala, Celso Khosa, Sandra Mavale, Raoul Moh, Veronica Mulenga, Juliet Mwanga-Amumpere, Jean-Voisin Taguebue, Mao Tan Eang, Christophe Delacourt, James A. Seddon, Manon Lounnas, Sylvain Godreuil, Eric Wobudeya, Maryline Bonnet, Olivier Marcy
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02576-5
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 136.
In high tuberculosis (TB) burden settings, there is growing evidence that TB is common in children with pneumonia, the leading cause of death in children under 5?years worldwide. The current WHO standard of care (SOC) for young children with pneumonia considers a diagnosis of TB only if the child has a history of prolonged symptoms or fails to respond to antibiotic treatments. As a result, many children with TB-associated severe pneumonia are currently missed or diagnosed too late. We therefore propose a diagnostic trial to assess the impact on mortality of adding the systematic early detection of TB using Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Ultra) performed on nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) and stool samples to the WHO SOC for children with severe pneumonia, followed by immediate initiation of anti-TB treatment in children testing positive on any of the samples.
Protocol for implementation of an evidence based parentally administered intervention for preterm infants
Rosemary White-Traut, Debra Brandon, Karen Kavanaugh, Karen Gralton, Wei Pan, Evan R. Myers, Bree Andrews, Michael Msall, Kathleen F. Norr
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02596-1
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 142.
Multi-sensory behavioral interventions for preterm infants have the potential to accelerate feeding, growth, and optimize developmental trajectories and increase parents’ interactive engagement with their infants. However, few neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) provide evidence-based standardized early behavioral interventions as routine care. Lack of implementation is a major gap between research and clinical practice. H-HOPE, is a standardized behavioral intervention with an infant- directed component (Massage+) and a parent-directed component (four participatory guidance sessions that focus on preterm infants’ behaviors and appropriate responses). H-HOPE has well documented efficacy. The purpose of this implementation study is to establish H-HOPE as the standard of care in 5 NICUs.
Targeting human milk fortification to improve very preterm infant growth and brain development: study protocol for Nourish, a single-center randomized, controlled clinical trial
Mandy B. Belfort, Lianne J. Woodward, Sara Cherkerzian, Hunter Pepin, Deirdre Ellard, Tina Steele, Christoph Fusch, P. Ellen Grant, Terrie E. Inder
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02635-x
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 167.
Human milk is recommended for very preterm infants, but its variable macronutrient content may contribute to undernutrition during a critical period in development. We hypothesize that individually targeted human milk fortification is more effective in meeting macronutrient requirements than the current standard of care.
Development of a posterior sagittal anorectal surgical teaching model
J. A. van Ling, G. M. J. B?kkerink, I. de Blaauw, S. M. B. I. Botden
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02514-5
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 57.
An Anorectal Malformation (ARM) is a rare congenital malformation, which requires proper correction to ensure the best long-term prognosis. These procedures are relatively infrequent and complex, in which a structured approach is important. Therefore, training on an affordable model could be beneficial.
Thymus size and its correlates among children admitted with severe acute malnutrition: a cross-sectional study in Uganda
Nicolette Nabukeera-Barungi, Betty Lanyero, Benedikte Grenov, Henrik Friis, Hanifa Namusoke, Ezekiel Mupere, Kim F. Michaelsen, Christian M?lgaard, Maria Wiese, Dennis S. Nielsen, Musemma K. Mohammed, Vibeke B. Christensen, Maren Rytter
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02457-3
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 1.
Malnutrition continues to be a major cause of mortality and morbidity among children in resource limited settings. Children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) experience severe thymus atrophy, possibly reflecting poor immune function. This immune dysfunction is responsible for the severe infections they experience which lead to mortality. Since their immune dysfunction is not fully understood and there has been a lapse in research in this field, more research is needed. Knowing the correlates of thymus size may help clinicians identify those with more severe atrophy who might have more severe immune impairment. We aimed to describe thymus size and its correlates at admission among children hospitalized with SAM.
Vancomycin-lock therapy for prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infection in very low body weight infants
Hong Liang, Lian Zhang, Xiaoping Guo, Li Sun
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02482-2
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 3.
This study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of vancomycin- lock therapy for the prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) in very low body weight (VLBW) preterm infant patients.
Effect of improved cookstove intervention on childhood acute lower respiratory infection in Northwest Ethiopia: a cluster-randomized controlled trial
Mesafint Molla Adane, Getu Degu Alene, Seid Tiku Mereta, Kristina L. Wanyonyi
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02459-1
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 4.
Household air pollution exposure is linked with over 3.5 million premature deaths every year, ranking highest among environmental risk factors globally. Children are uniquely vulnerable and sensitive to the damaging health effects of household air pollution which includes childhood acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI). The use of improved cookstoves has been widely encouraged to reduce these health burdens. It is, however, unclear as to whether it is possible to prevent household air pollution-related disease burdens with biomass-fuelled improved cookstove intervention and the evidence regarding its child health effect still attracts wide debate. Therefore, we investigated the child health effect of improved baking stove intervention compared with the continuation of the open burning traditional baking stove.
“it’s a medical condition … you need to support as much as possible”: a qualitative analysis of teachers’ experiences of chronic fatigue syndrome / myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)
Amberly Brigden, Alison Shaw, Esther Crawley
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02461-7
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 6.
An increasing number of children with complex health needs are being educated in mainstream classes. CFS/ME is a complex and disabling condition, and there is little guidance on how primary school teachers can support younger children with this condition. To improve care, it is important to understand what these children need in the school setting, and the barriers and facilitators to teachers providing this support. The aims for this qualitative study were to explore teachers’ views about CFS/ME, their experiences of supporting a pupil with CFS/ME and their perspectives on the barriers and facilitators to providing support.
The association of care transitions measure-15 score and outcomes after discharge from the NICU
Amy M. Yeh, Ashley Y. Song, Douglas L. Vanderbilt, Cynthia Gong, Philippe S. Friedlich, Roberta Williams, Ashwini Lakshmanan
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02463-5
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 7.
Our objectives were (1) to describe Care Transitions Measure (CTM) scores among caregivers of preterm infants after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and (2) to describe the association of CTM scores with readmissions, enrollment in public assistance programs, and caregiver quality of life scores.
Diagnostic yield and appropriate indication of upper endoscopy in Jordanian children
Eyad Altamimi, Yousef Odeh, Tuka Al-quraan, Elmi Mohamed, Naif Rawabdeh
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02470-6
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 10.
Upper endoscopy is an essential tool for diagnosing pediatric gastrointestinal issues. This study aimed to assess the indications, diagnostic yields, concordance between histopathological and endoscopic findings and suitability of upper endoscopies performed at a tertiary university hospital in Jordan.
Multiple anthropometric and nutritional deficiencies in young children in Ethiopia: a multi-level analysis based on a nationally representative data
Nigatu Regassa Geda, Cindy Xin Feng, Carol J. Henry, Rein Lepnurm, Bonnie Janzen, Susan J. Whiting
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02467-1
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 11.
In Ethiopia, child undernutrition and anemia are major public health concerns, resulting in increased childhood morbidity and mortality. Despite progress made to reduce the prevalence of malnutrition (especially stunting) from 50% in 2000 to 38% in 2016, little is known about the magnitude and risk factors for concurrent nutritional deficiencies in Ethiopia.
Intraventricular haemorrhage in a Ugandan cohort of low birth weight neonates: the IVHU study
R. MacLeod, J. N. Paulson, N. Okalany, F. Okello, L. Acom, J. Ikiror, F. M. Cowan, C. J. Tann, L. E. Dyet, C. F. Hagmann, K. Burgoine
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02464-4
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 12.
Globally, 15 million neonates are born prematurely every year, over half in low income countries (LICs). Premature and low birth weight neonates have a higher risk of intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH). There are minimal data regarding IVH in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to examine the incidence, severity and timing of and modifiable risk factors for IVH amongst low-birth-weight neonates in Uganda.
Micronutrient status and associated factors of adiposity in primary school children with normal and high body fat in Colombo municipal area, Sri Lanka
Kalaichelvi Thillan, Pulani Lanerolle, Tharanga Thoradeniya, Dulani Samaranayake, Rohana Chandrajith, Pujitha Wickramasinghe
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02473-3
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 14.
The prevalence of obesity and associated risk of chronic diseases are increasing among the paediatric population. The effectiveness of preventive measures and interventions are likely to improve when all factors which associate with obesity in a specific target group are considered. Currently such comprehensive data is unavailable for Sri Lankan children aged 8–9?years.
Perinatal factors influencing the neonatal hearing screening results
Mahbod Kaveh, Seyedeh Nastaran Mirjalali, Mamak Shariat, Mohammad Reza Zarkesh
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02476-0
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 15.
Previous studies have indicated that the majority of cases with “failed” results related to transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (OAE) test have the normal hearing. The present study aimed to assess the possible relationships between perinatal factors and the false-positive OAE results.
Adherence to treatment in paediatric patients – results of the nationwide survey in Poland
Przemyslaw Kardas, Marek Dabrowa, Konrad Witkowski
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02477-z
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 16.
Due to high prevalence, non-adherence to prescribed treatment seriously undermines the effectiveness of evidence-based therapies in paediatric patients. In order to change this negative scenario, physicians need to be aware of adherence problem, as well as of possible solutions. Unfortunately, full potential of adherence-targeting interventions is still underused in Poland. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours toward non-adherence in Polish paediatricians.
Modified lung ultrasound score predicts ventilation requirements in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Piotr Szyma?ski, Piotr Kruczek, Roman Ho?ejowski, Piotr Wais
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02485-z
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 17.
We propose a modified lung ultrasound (LUS) score in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), which includes posterior instead of lateral lung fields, and a 5-grade rating scale instead of a 4-grade rating scale. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of the rating scale and its correlation with blood oxygenation and to assess the ability of early post-birth scans to predict the mode of respiratory support on day of life 3 (DOL 3). As a secondary objective, the weight of posterior scans in the overall LUS score was assessed.
Analysis of cranial type characteristics in term infants: a multi-center study
Wang Yang, Bin Hu, Jianping Chen, Wenzhi Shen, Chengju Wang, Qin Chang, Wenzao Li, Fuxiang Qu, Qiuming Pan, Yuping Zhang
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02374-5
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 20.
Positional head deformity (PHD) is defined as a change in the shape of an infant’s skull due to an external force. In certain cases, it can lead to cosmetic deformities or even neurological issues due to its impact on the developing nervous system. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the incidence and characteristics of PHD in term infants in China and preliminarily establish a localized diagnostic reference standard.
Individual approach for treatment of primary intestinal lymphangiectasia in children: single-center experience and review of the literature
Yiyoung Kwon, Eun Sil Kim, Yon Ho Choe, Mi Jin Kim
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02447-5
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 21.
Intestinal lymphangiectasia is a rare disease. Thus, prospective studies are impossible, and therapy is still controversial. Several medicines are suggested for treatment but there are no existing indications for drug choice and treatment guidelines. We aimed to introduce the action mechanism of each drug and treatment overview in a single-center experience and a review of the literature on second-line therapy for primary intestinal lymphangiectasia.
Infantile onset Sandhoff disease: clinical manifestation and a novel common mutation in Thai patients
Thipwimol Tim-Aroon, Khunton Wichajarn, Kamornwan Katanyuwong, Pranoot Tanpaiboon, Nithiwat Vatanavicharn, Kullasate Sakpichaisakul, Arthaporn Kongkrapan, Jakris Eu-ahsunthornwattana, Supranee Thongpradit, Kanya Moolsuwan, Nusara Satproedprai, Surakameth Mahasirimongkol, Tassanee Lerksuthirat, Bhoom Suktitipat, Natini Jinawath, Duangrurdee Wattanasirichaigoon
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02481-3
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 22.
Sandhoff disease (SD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder, resulting in accumulation of GM2 ganglioside, particular in neuronal cells. The disorder is caused by deficiency of ?-hexosaminidase B (HEX-B), due to pathogenic variant of human HEXB gene.
Association between colic and sleep problems in infancy and subsequent development, emotional and behavioral problems: a longitudinal study
Lisbeth Valla, Milada Cvancarova Sm?stuen, Randi Anden?s, Nina Misv?r, Christine Olbj?rn, S?lvi Helseth
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02483-1
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 23.
Sleep and colic problems in infancy have been linked to adverse health outcome, but there is limited knowledge of the association between sleep and colic problems in infancy and subsequent development, emotional and behavior problems in young children. The aim of the present study was to examine whether there is an associations between infants’ crying and sleep problems at 6?months and behavioral and development problems at 18?months, 3 and 5?years.
Association of telomere length and telomerase methylation with n-3 fatty acids in preschool children with obesity
Xuanyi Liu, Xiaozhou Liu, Qiaoyu Shi, Xiuqin Fan, Kemin Qi
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02487-x
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 24.
Telomeres play a crucial role in cellular survival and its length is a predictor for onset of chronic non-communicable diseases. Studies on association between telomeres and obesity in children have brought discrepant results and the underlying mechanisms and influential factors are to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate changes in telomere length and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) DNA methylation, and further to determine their correlation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in preschool children with obesity.
Clinical aspects for differential diagnosis of Kawasaki disease shock syndrome: a case control study
Woo Young Park, Sang Yun Lee, Gi Beom Kim, Mi Kyoung Song, Hye Won Kwon, Eun Jung Bae, Eun hwa Choi, June Dong Park
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02488-w
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 25.
Because of the absence of a specific diagnostic test and pathognomonic clinical features, physicians must rely on the presence of specific clinical criteria and laboratory data that support the diagnosis of KD. To help clinicians distinguish KD, KDSS, septic shock, and TSS earlier, we suggest differential diagnosis and treatment guideline.
Establishing percentiles for blood pressure based on absolute height for children and adolescents
Marco Cossio-Bola?os, Rubén Vidal-Espinoza, Felipe Castelli Correia de Campos, José Sulla-Torres, Wilbert Cossio-Bola?os, Cynthia Lee Andruske, Camilo Urra Albornoz, Rossana G?mez Campos
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02489-9
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 26.
Evaluating blood pressure (BP) is one element for diagnosing and preventing disease in student populations. The objectives of this research were to (a) identify the range of height for measuring BP adjusted for student populations and (b) propose percentiles for evaluating BP based on height.
Identification of pathogenic genes and transcription factors in respiratory syncytial virus
Lei Li, Yong An Ni, Zhenfeng Song, Zhi Yi, Fang Wang
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02480-4
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 27.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of acute lower respiratory infections in children, especially bronchiolitis. Our study aimed to identify the key genes and upstream transcription factors in RSV.
Effectiveness of the Close Collaboration with Parents intervention on parent-infant closeness in NICU
Felix B. He, Anna Axelin, Sari Ahlqvist-Bj?rkroth, Simo Raiskila, Eliisa L?yttyniemi, Liisa Lehtonen
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02474-2
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 28.
Parent-infant closeness during hospital care of newborns has many benefits for both infants and parents. We developed an educational intervention for neonatal staff, Close Collaboration with Parents, to increase parent-infant closeness during hospital care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention on parent-infant closeness in nine hospitals in Finland.
Efficacy and safety of the syrup “KalobaTUSS®” as a treatment for cough in children: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Ilaria Carnevali, Rita La Paglia, Lara Pauletto, Floriana Raso, Marco Testa, Carmen Mannucci, Emanuela Elisa Sorbara, Gioacchino Calapai
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02490-2
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 29.
Acute cough in children often causes discomfort to children and parents, reducing their quality of life. Despite the extensive utilization of over-the-counter remedies for cough, the efficacy of most of these treatments in children has not been confirmed.
Adolescent physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep in relation to body composition at age 18?years in urban South Africa, Birth-to-Twenty+ Cohort
Lisa K. Micklesfield, Sara K. Hanson, Felipe Lobelo, Solveig A. Cunningham, Terryl J. Hartman, Shane A. Norris, Aryeh D. Stein
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02451-9
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 30.
Adolescence is marked by a decline in physical activity, rapid physical growth and changes in body composition, which have been linked to body composition. Prospective data on these associations are rare, particularly in Africa.
Initial engagement and persistence of health risk behaviors through adolescence: longitudinal findings from urban South Africa
Alysse J. Kowalski, O. Yaw Addo, Michael R. Kramer, Reynaldo Martorell, Shane A. Norris, Rachel N. Waford, Linda M. Richter, Aryeh D. Stein
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02486-y
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 31.
Little is known about longitudinal patterns of adolescent health risk behavior initial engagement and persistence in low- and middle-income countries.
Effectiveness of FIBEROPTIC phototherapy compared to conventional phototherapy in treating HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA amongst term neonates: a randomized controlled trial
Helvi N. Joel, Deborah N. Mchaile, Rune N. Philemon, Ronald M. Mbwasi, Levina Msuya
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02458-2
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 32.
Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common problems in neonates. Effective treatment of jaundice requires therapeutic intervention with high quality phototherapy. Over recent years, several studies reported fiberoptic phototherapy to be less effective than conventional phototherapy in term neonates. Our study aimed to compare the effectiveness of fiberoptic phototherapy with a larger illuminated area and higher irradiance to conventional phototherapy methods.
Correlates of uptake of HIV testing among children and young adolescents in Akwa-Ibom state, Nigeria: a secondary data analysis of the Akwa-Ibom aids indicator survey, 2017
Damilola Adetoro, Hadiza Khamofu, Titilope Badru, John Markson, Oluwasanmi Adedokun, Nana Sandah-Abubakar, Ibrahim Dafa, Mario Chen, Robert Chiegil, Kwasi Torpey
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02495-5
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 33.
In order to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030, there is a need to significantly reduce the rate of new infection among children and young adolescents. Identifying the correlates of testing behaviour is necessary to improve HIV testing campaigns by refining messages that target individuals in this age group. The objective of this study was to determine the correlates of HIV testing among children and young adolescents in Akwa-Ibom, Nigeria.
Feeding patterns and BMI trajectories during infancy: a multi-ethnic, prospective birth cohort
Outi Sirkka, Michel H. Hof, Tanja Vrijkotte, Marieke Abrahamse-Berkeveld, Jutka Halberstadt, Jacob C. Seidell, Margreet R. Olthof
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02456-4
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 34.
Milk feeding type (exclusive breastfeeding [EBF], formula feeding or mixed feeding) and timing of complementary feeding (CF) have been associated with infant growth. However, studies evaluating their combined role, and the role of ethnicity, are scarce. We examined associations of feeding patterns (milk feeding type combined with timing of CF) with infant body mass index (BMI) trajectories and potential ethnic-specific associations.
Growth, puberty, and bone health in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease
Hye-Young Jin, Jae-Sang Lim, Yena Lee, Yunha Choi, Seak-Hee Oh, Kyung-Mo Kim, Han-Wook Yoo, Jin-Ho Choi
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02496-4
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 35.
Endocrine complications such as impaired growth, delayed puberty, and low bone mineral density (BMD) can be associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children and adolescents. This study was performed to investigate the frequency, characteristics, and outcomes of endocrine complications of IBD in children and adolescents.
Bone density, fractures and the associated factors in iranian children and adolescent with Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Pooran Mohsenzade, Anis Amirhakimi, Naser Honar, Forough Saki, Gholam Hossein Ranjbar Omrani, Mohammadhosein Dabbaghmanesh
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02491-1
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 37.
Osteogenesis imperfecta(OI) is a frequent bone fragility disorder in children. The purpose of this study was to assess the BMD and Vitamin D level in children with OI in southern Iran.
Susceptibility pattern of Salmonella enterica against commonly prescribed antibiotics, to febrile-pediatric cases, in low-income countries
Priyatam Khadka, Januka Thapaliya, Shovana Thapa
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02497-3
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 38.
In most low-income countries, febrile-pediatric-cases are often treated empirically with accessible antibiotics without periodic epidemiological surveillance, susceptibility testing, or minimal lethal dose calculations. With this backdrop, the study was undertaken to evaluate the susceptibility trend of Salmonella enterica against the commonly prescribed antibiotics.
Analysis of hand-forearm anthropometric components in assessing handgrip and pinch strengths of school-aged children and adolescents: a partial least squares (PLS) approach
Sajjad Rostamzadeh, Mahnaz Saremi, Shahram Vosoughi, Bruce Bradtmiller, Leila Janani, Ali Asghar Farshad, Fereshteh Taheri
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02468-0
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 39.
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of hand-forearm anthropometric dimensions on handgrip and pinch strengths among 7–18 years children and adolescents and to investigate the extent to which these variables can be used to predict hand strength.
The prevalence of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry confirmed paediatric poisoning at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
Norbertta Washaya, Alicia Evans, Rudzani Muloiwa, Peter Smith, Heloise Buys
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02500-x
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 42.
Paediatric poisoning is a common presentation to emergency departments worldwide. There is a paucity of data on the role of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), in the management of paediatric poisoning in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). In high-income countries, most studies are retrospective, and few include children.
Nutritional status of school children living in Northern part of Sri Lanka
M. G. Sathiadas, Annieston Antonyraja, Arunath Viswalingam, Kasthuri Thangaraja, V. P. Wickramasinghe
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02501-w
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 43.
Nutritional status is an important indicator for measuring quality of life in children. A region that is recovering from war will face many problems related to nutrition. Very few studies have addressed the nutritional problems in school children. This study was undertaken to identify the prevalence of wasting, stunting and obesity among school children from Northern Sri Lanka and associated socio-demographic factors.
Outcomes of infants born to pregnant women with syphilis: a nationwide study in Korea
Joohee Lim, So Jin Yoon, Jeong Eun Shin, Jung Ho Han, Soon Min Lee, Ho Seon Eun, Min Soo Park, Kook In Park
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02502-9
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 47.
Despite the expansion of antenatal syphilis screening programs, congenital syphilis (CS) remains a concern.
Mothers’ experiences of parenting and everyday life of children born at 23?weeks of gestation – a qualitative descriptive study
Anniina V?liaho, Liisa Lehtonen, Anna Axelin, Riikka Korja
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02478-y
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 48.
Surviving children born at 23 gestational weeks are a growing population. As many of these children face developmental challenges during childhood and adolescence, more knowledge is needed about the everyday life of this group. The parental perspective is important, as developmental problems often pose a challenge for the parents. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore mothers’ experiences of parenting children born at 23 gestational weeks and of the children’s everyday lives.
Preoperative thyroid hormone levels predict ICU mortality after cardiopulmonary bypass in congenital heart disease patients younger than 3 months old
Di Yu, Liang Zou, Yueshuang Cun, Yaping Li, Qingfeng Wang, Yaqin Shu, Xuming Mo
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02513-6
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 50.
We aimed to study the effectiveness of preoperative thyroid hormone levels in predicting intensive care unit (ICU) mortality after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD).
High diagnostic accuracy of automated rapid Strep A test reduces antibiotic prescriptions for children in the United Arab Emirates
Salama Bin Hendi, Zainab A. Malik, Amar Hassan Khamis, Fadil Y. A. Al-Najjar
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02516-3
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 52.
Diagnosis of Group A Streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis in children is hindered by variable sensitivity of clinical criteria and rapid Strep A tests (SAT), resulting in reliance on throat cultures as the gold standard for diagnosis. Delays while awaiting culture reports result in unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions among children, contributing to the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
Prediction model study of overweight and obesity in preschool children with allergic diseases from an ecological perspective
Jeong-Won Han, Da-Jung Kim
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02515-4
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 53.
Allergic diseases have a high incidence in childhood and a high chance to be carried over into adulthood unless appropriately treated during childhood, it is important that healthcare providers actively manage these diseases. This study was to identify multidimensional factors that affect weight gain in preschool children with allergic diseases.
Annual trend of neonatal mortality and its underlying causes: population-based study – S?o Paulo State, Brazil, 2004–2013
Ruth Guinsburg, Adriana Sanudo, Carlos Roberto V Kiffer, Ana S?lvia S Marinonio, Daniela T Costa-Nobre, Kelsy N Areco, Mandira D Kawakami, Milton H Miyoshi, Paulo Bandiera-Paiva, Rita de C?ssia X Balda, Tulio Konstantyner, Liliam CC Morais, Rosa MV Freitas, Mônica LP Teixeira, Bernadette Waldvogel, Maria Fernanda B Almeida
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02511-8
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 54.
Population-based studies analyzing neonatal deaths in middle-income countries may contribute to design interventions to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, established by United Nations. This study goal is to analyze the annual trend of neonatal mortality in S?o Paulo State, Brazil, over a 10-year period and its underlying causes and to identify maternal and neonatal characteristics at birth associated with neonatal mortality.
A scoping review of methods for assessment of sex differentials in early childhood mortality
Jana?na Calu Costa, Cesar G. Victora
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02503-8
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 55.
While assessment of sex differentials in child mortality is straightforward, their interpretation must consider that, in the absence of gender bias, boys are more likely to die than girls. The expected differences are also influenced by levels and causes of death. However, there is no standard approach for determining expected sex differences.
Introduction and feeding practices of solid food in preterm infants born in Salzburg!
Edda Hofst?tter, Verena K?ttstorfer, Patricia Stroicz, Sebastian Schütz, Lorenz Auer-Hackenberg, Johannes Brandner, Martin Wald
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02505-6
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 56.
It is shown that meeting the increased nutritional demand of preterm infants from birth is not only important for survival but essentially contributes to the infants` overall development and long-term health.
Addressing the quality of paediatric primary care: health worker and caregiver perspectives from a process evaluation of PACK child, a health systems intervention in South Africa
Robyn Curran, Jamie Murdoch, Max Bachmann, Eric Bateman, Ruth Cornick, Sandra Picken, Makhosazana Lungile Simelane, Lara Fairall
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02512-7
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 58.
The WHO’s Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) has resulted in progress in addressing infant and child mortality. However, unmet needs of children continue to present a burden upon primary healthcare services. The capacity of services and quality of care offered require greater support to address these needs by extending and integrating curative and preventive care for the child with a long-term health condition and the child older than 5, not prioritised in IMCI. In response to these needs, the PACK Child intervention was developed and piloted in October 2017–February 2019 in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. We report health worker and caregiver perspectives of the existing paediatric primary care context as well as the extent to which PACK Child functions to address perceived problems within the current local healthcare system.
Addressing the mental health needs of children affected by HIV in Rwanda: validation of a rapid depression screening tool for children 7–14?years old
Agnes Binagwaho, Eric Remera, Alice Uwase Bayingana, Darius Gishoma, Kirstin Woody Scott, Madeline Goosman, Eliza Campbell, Mawuena Agbonyitor, Yvonne Kayiteshonga, Sabin Nsanzimana
doi : 10.1186/s12887-020-02475-1
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 59.
Depression in children presents a significant health burden to society and often co-exists with chronic illnesses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Research has demonstrated that 10–37% of children and adolescents living with HIV also suffer from depression. Low-and-middle income countries (LMICs) shoulder a disproportionate burden of HIV among other health challenges, but reliable estimates of co-morbid depression are lacking in these settings. Prior studies in Rwanda, a LMIC of 12 million people in East Africa, found that 25% of children living with HIV met criteria for depression. Though depression may negatively affect adherence to HIV treatment among children and adolescents, most LMICs fail to routinely screen children for mental health problems due to a shortage of trained health care providers. While some screening tools exist, they can be costly to implement in resource-constrained settings and are often lacking a contextual appropriateness.
Does obesity persist from childhood to adolescence? A 4-year prospective cohort study of chinese students in Hong Kong
Joanna Yuet-ling Tung, Frederick Ka-wing Ho, Keith Tsz-suen Tung, Rosa Sze-man Wong, Wilfred Hing-sang Wong, Bik-chu Chow, Patrick Ip
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02504-7
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 60.
Little is known about the progression of obesity from childhood to adolescence. This study aimed to longitudinally examine the obesity status in a cohort of children across their childhood and adolescence, and to identify the factors associated with persistent obesity.
The effect of inhaling mother’s breast milk odor on the behavioral responses to pain caused by hepatitis B vaccine in preterm infants: a randomized clinical trial
Zahra Akbarian Rad, Parvin Aziznejadroshan, Adeleh Saebi Amiri, Hemmat Gholinia Ahangar, Zahra Valizadehchari
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02519-0
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 61.
Nowadays, it is generally assumed that non-pharmacologic pain relief in preterm infants is an important measure to consider. Research findings suggest that familiar odors have soothing effects for neonates. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of maternal breast milk odor (MBMO) with that of another mother’s breast milk odor (BMO) on the behavioral responses to pain caused by hepatitis B (HB) vaccine injection in preterm infants.
Anesthesia, sex and miscarriage history may influence the association between cesarean delivery and autism spectrum disorder
Ye Yang, Jingjing Lin, Xiaozi Lu, Guanglei Xun, Renrong Wu, Yamin Li, Jianjun Ou, Yidong Shen, Kun Xia, Jingping Zhao
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02518-1
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 62.
To explore the association between cesarean section (CS) and risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and evaluate the possible factors influencing this association.
Biologic therapy is associated with a mild decrease in the rate of hospitalizations in pediatric IBD
Gil Berkovitch, Shlomi Cohen, Ronit Lubetzky, Dana Singer, Anat Yerushalmy-Feler
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02526-1
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 63.
The effect of biologic therapy on the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-related hospitalizations is controversial. The high efficacy of biologic agents is weighted against potential therapy-related adverse events, however, there are no data on the effect of biologic therapy on the indications for hospitalization in IBD. We aimed to evaluate the impact of biologic therapy on the indications and rate of hospitalization in pediatric IBD.
Brazilian Portuguese version of the Amsterdam infant stool scale: a valid and reliable scale for evaluation of stool from children up to 120?days old
Laura Cantisano de Deus Silva, Priscila Monaro Bianchini, Erika Veruska Paiva Ortolan, Juliana Fattori Hamamoto, Rosemary Fermiano, Rebeca Mayara Padilha Rego, Jo?o César Lyra, Marc Alexander Benninga, Pedro Luiz Toledo de Arruda Lourenç?o
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02527-0
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 64.
For newborns and infants wearing diapers the difficulties in characterizing the appearance of the stool are significant, since the changes in consistency, quantity, and color of the stool are higher than in other age groups. The Amsterdam Infant Stool Scale (AISS) was created and validated in 2009, providing a specific tool for the evaluation of the stool of children up to 120?days old. However, to be used in clinical practice and scientific investigations in Brazil, it is mandatory to perform the translation and cross-cultural adaptation process for Brazilian Portuguese language. Thus, we aim to perform the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of AISS into Brazilian Portuguese and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the translated version.
Analysis of clinical characteristics of severe pertussis in infants and children: a retrospective study
Caiying Wang, Huimin Zhang, Yanlan Zhang, Lin Xu, Min Miao, Hongling Yang, Yuhuan Liu, Shuxin He, Lin Pang
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02507-4
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 65.
The incidence of pertussis shows an increasing trend in recent years, but some clinicians often lack sufficient understanding of the clinical characteristics and risk factors for severe pertussis, and more effective measures should be taken to reduce the incidence and mortality of pertussis in young infants
Association of neural tube defects with congenital abnormalities of the urogenital system in a Chinese cohort
Zhi-Hua Hong, Dong-Hui Jin, Xiao-Jian Yuan, Yang Zhao, Hou-Wei Lin, Jie Chen
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02492-8
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 66.
This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the correlation between congenital abnormality of the urogenital system and various factors in children with neural tube defects (NTDs).
Concurrent and predictive validity of the infant motor profile in infants at risk of neurodevelopmental disorders
Riccardo Rizzi, Valentina Menici, Maria Luce Cioni, Alessandra Cecchi, Veronica Barzacchi, Elena Beani, Matteo Giampietri, Giovanni Cioni, Giuseppina Sgandurra, the Clinical CareToy-R Consortium
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02522-5
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 68.
Preterm infants and infants with perinatal brain injury show a higher incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). The Infant Motor Profile (IMP) is a clinical assessment which evaluates the complexity of early motor behaviour. More data are needed to confirm its predictive ability and concurrent validity with other common and valid assessments such as the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) and Prechtl’s General Movement Assessment (GMA). The present study aims to evaluate the concurrent validity of the IMP with the AIMS, to assess its association with the GMA, to evaluate how the IMP reflects the severity of the brain injury and to compare the ability of the IMP and the AIMS to predict an abnormal outcome in 5-month-old infants at risk of NDD.
Cognitive functioning in Deaf children using Cochlear implants
Fidaa Almomani, Murad O. Al-momani, Soha Garadat, Safa Alqudah, Manal Kassab, Shereen Hamadneh, Grant Rauterkus, Richard Gans
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02534-1
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 71.
Cognitive abilities like language, memory, reasoning, visualization, and perceptual functioning shape human action and are considered critical to the successful interaction with the environment. Alternatively, hearing loss can disrupt a child’s ability to communicate, and negatively impact cognitive development. Cochlear implants (CI) restore auditory input thereby supporting communication and may enhance cognitive performance. This study compares general cognitive development after cochlear implantation (2017–2019) in two groups of Jordanian children implanted earlier (age:4–6?years, N?=?22) and later (7–9?years, N?=?16) to the development of randomly selected normal hearing peers (N?=?48).
Association of screen time with parent-reported cognitive delay in preschool children of Kerala, India
Jijo Joseph John, Reny Joseph, Alice David, Ann Bejoy, Kalyan Varghese George, Lisa George
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02545-y
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 73.
Screen use is increasing rapidly among preschool children and excess screen use in these children has been associated with cognitive side effects and speech delay. We undertook this study to estimate the risk associated with screen time in children, parental supervision, and parent-reported cognitive development among preschool children aged 2–5?years.
Diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection among pediatric household contacts of Iranian tuberculosis cases using tuberculin skin test, IFN- ? release assay and IFN-?-induced protein-10
Roxana Mansour Ghanaie, Abdollah Karimi, Leila Azimi, Seddon James, Mahshid Nasehi, Abolfazl Panahi Mishkar, Mahnaz Sheikhi, Fatemeh Fallah, Sedigheh Rafiei Tabatabaei, Seyedeh Mahsan Hoseini-Alfatemi
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02524-3
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 76.
Although the World Health Organization has recommended the diagnosis and prophylactic treatment of latent tuberculous infection (LTBI) in child household contacts of tuberculosis (TB) cases, the national programs in high-burden TB regions rarely implement adequate screening of this high-risk group, mainly because of resource limitations. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of LTBI among pediatric household contacts of TB cases in two high-burden provinces in Iran.
Burden and consequence of birth defects in Nepal-evidence from prospective cohort study
Prajwal Paudel, Avinash K. Sunny, Rejina Gurung, Abhishek Gurung, Honey Malla, Netra B. Rana, Nawaraj KC, Ram Narayan Chaudhary, Ashish KC
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02525-2
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 81.
Every year an estimated 7.9 million babies are born with birth defect. Of these babies, more than 3 million die and 3.2 million have disability. Improving nationwide information on prevalence of birth defect, risk factor and consequence is required for better resource allocation for prevention, management and rehabilitation. In this study, we assess the prevalence of birth defect, associated risk factors and consequences in Nepal.
Sleep-related difficulties in healthy children and adolescents
Christiane Lewien, Jon Genuneit, Christof Meigen, Wieland Kiess, Tanja Poulain
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02529-y
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 82.
As sleep-related difficulties are a growing public health concern, it is important to gain an overview of the specific difficulty areas of the most vulnerable individuals: children. The current descriptive study presents the prevalence of sleep-related difficulties in two large samples of healthy children and adolescents and outlines the effects of age, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES) on various sleep-related difficulties.
Attainment of smiling and walking in infancy associates with developmental delays at school entry in moderately-late preterm children: a community-based cohort study
Nienke H. van Dokkum, Sijmen A. Reijneveld, Arend F. Bos, Marlou L. A. de Kroon
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02548-9
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 84.
Moderately-late preterm (MLP) children (gestational age [GA] 32–36?weeks) are followed-up within community services, which often use developmental milestones as indicators of delay. We aimed to examine associations of parental report of smiling-age and walking-age with developmental delay upon school entry for MLP and full-term children.
Preliminary evidence for an influence of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the composition of the gut microbiota and neurodevelopment in three-year-old healthy children
Wei Zhang, Zhongqing Sun, Qian Zhang, Zhitao Sun, Ya Su, Jiahui Song, Bingling Wang, Ruqin Gao
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02539-w
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 86.
During the second and third year after birth the gut microbiota (GM) is subjected to important development. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure could influence the GM in animal and early postnatal exposure is associated with neurodevelopment disorder in children. This study was designed to explore the possible influence of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the composition of the gut microbiota (GM) and neurodevelopment in a sample of 38 healthy children at the age of 3?years.
The diagnostic threshold of Cornell assessment of pediatric delirium in detection of postoperative delirium in pediatric surgical patients
Hong Hong, Chao Guo, Zhi-Hua Liu, Bo-Jie Wang, Shu-Zhe Zhou, Dong-Liang Mu, Dong-Xin Wang
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02538-x
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 87.
Cornell assessment of pediatric delirium (CAPD) showed advantage in diagnosis of pediatric delirium in Chinese critically ill patients. But its performance in surgical patients is still unclear. The present study was designed to validate the diagnostic performance of CAPD in surgical pediatric patients.
Time series analysis of the relationship between diarrhea in children and Rota 2 vaccine in the Fanteakwa District of the eastern region of Ghana
James Atampiiga Avoka, Elvis J. Dun-Dery, Issah Seidu, Armel N. E. Abou, Paul Twene, Isaac Obeng Tandoh, Frederick Dun-Dery
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02540-3
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 88.
Rotavirus is considered the main causal factor of severe gastroenteritis among infants and children globally. The association with severe rotavirus infection is mostly worse among the least developed countries, mainly due to inadequate access to medical care and poverty. This study was conducted to determine the seasonal effects in respect of diarrhea cases in children, the association between diarrhea cases and Rota2 vaccine in the Fanteakwa District of the Eastern Region of Ghana.
Quality improvement strategies to improve inpatient management of small and sick newborns across All Babies Count supported hospitals in rural Rwanda
David Tuyisenge, Samuel Byiringiro, M. Louise Manirakiza, Robert G. Mutsinzi, Alphonse Nshimyiryo, Merab Nyishime, Lisa R. Hirschhorn, Francois Biziyaremye, Joseph Gitera, Kathryn Beck, Catherine M. Kirk
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02544-z
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 89.
Neonatal mortality contributes to nearly half of child deaths globally and the majority of these deaths are preventable. Poor quality of care is a major driver of neonatal mortality in low- and middle-income countries. The All Babies Count (ABC) intervention was designed to reduce neonatal mortality through provision of equipment and supplies, training, mentorship, and data-driven quality improvement (QI) with peer-to-peer learning through learning collaborative sessions (LCS). We aim to describe the ABC scale-up in seven rural district hospitals from 2017 to 2019 focusing on the QI strategies implemented in hospital neonatal care units (NCUs) and the resultant neonatal care outcomes.
Comparison of different detection methods for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children with community-acquired pneumonia
Mingyu Tang, Dong Wang, Xing Tong, Yufen Wu, Jing Zhang, Lei Zhang, Yong Yin, Qing Cao
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02523-4
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 90.
Due to the lack of a sensitive, specific and rapid detection method, aetiological diagnosis of pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae, MP) is a constantly challenging issue. This retrospective study aimed to compare the diagnostic methods for Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children and evaluate their values.
Bedside upper gastrointestinal series in the neonatal intensive care unit
Choeum Kang, Haesung Yoon, Hyun Joo Shin, Ho Sun Eun, Kook In Park, Mi-Jung Lee
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02554-x
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 91.
In neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients with intubation status, fluoroscopic evaluation for the bowel is limited. This study was to evaluate the utility of bedside upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series with delayed radiographs (DR) for assessing duodenojejunal junction (DJJ) and small bowel passage in NICU patients with nonspecific bowel ultrasonography and contrast enema findings.
Etiological and predictive factors of pediatric urticaria in an emergency context
Leelawadee Techasatian, Pariwat Phungoen, Jitjira Chaiyarit, Rattapon Uppala
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02553-y
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 92.
Urticaria is common in pediatric population and is caused by various etiologies which usually differ among different age groups. The different etiologies require different management strategies. Thus, understanding detailed of the etiologies of urticaria in children would help pediatricians to perform appropriate initial treatment.
Nutritional education during rehabilitation of children 6–24?months with acute malnutrition, under unavailability of therapeutic/supplementary foods: a retrospective study in rural Angola
Andrea Pietravalle, Martina Scilipoti, Francesco Cavallin, Magda Lonardi, Ivo Makonga Tshikamb, Claudia Robbiati, Daniele Trevisanuto, Giovanni Putoto
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02560-z
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 94.
Dietary counseling can play an important role in managing child malnutrition but is often inadequate or absent. Moreover, little emphasis is given to the usefulness of local available foods in the rehabilitation of malnourished children. This study aimed to evaluate the adherence and effectiveness of nutritional education during rehabilitation of children (6–24?months) with acute malnutrition, in a setting of unavailability of therapeutic/supplementary foods.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic outbreak on education and mental health of Chinese children aged 7–15?years: an online survey
Zhongren Ma, Sakinah Idris, Yinxia Zhang, Liu Zewen, Amaad Wali, Yunpeng Ji, Qiuwei Pan, Zulqarnain Baloch
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02550-1
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 95.
The emerging of psychological problems triggered by COVID-19 particularly in children have been extensively highlighted and emphasized, but original research in this respect is still lagging behind. Therefore, we designed this study to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and the effectiveness and attitudes towards online education among Chinese children aged 7–15?years.
Clinical signs associated with earlier diagnosis of children with autism Spectrum disorder
Nachum Sicherman, Jimmy Charite, Gil Eyal, Magdalena Janecka, George Loewenstein, Kiely Law, Paul H. Lipkin, Alison R. Marvin, Joseph D. Buxbaum
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02551-0
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 96.
The objective of this study is to gain new insights into the relationship between clinical signs and age at diagnosis.
Electrocardiographic pattern of apparently healthy African adolescent athletes in Nigeria
Ogochukwu J. Sokunbi, Christy A. N. Okoromah, Ekanem N. Ekure, Olajide A. Olawale, Wuraola S. Eke
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02557-8
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 97.
Strategies to prevent sudden cardiac death (SCD) among young athletes have become topical worldwide and unrecognized cardiac pathology has been identified as a leading cause. Black ethnicity has been reported as an independent predictor of abnormal electrocardiography (ECG) findings among athletes and the frequency and significance of training-related ECG findings versus findings suggestive of an underlying pathology in the young African athletes is crucial.
Clinical profile and outcome of acute organophosphate poisoning in children of Upper Egypt: a cross-sectional study
Khaled A. Abdel Baseer, Eman Fathala Gad, Yaser F. Abdel Raheem
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02563-w
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 98.
Organophosphates are one of the most common agents of poisoning in developing countries including Egypt. Due to lack of data about characteristics of organophosphates poisoning in our localities, we aimed to evaluate its clinical pattern and factors affecting outcome.
Neurobehavioural and cognitive effects of prenatal exposure to organochlorine compounds in three year old children
Griet Vermeir, Adrian Covaci, Nik Van Larebeke, Greet Schoeters, Vera Nelen, Gudrun Koppen, Mineke Viaene
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02533-2
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 99.
We report data of a Belgian observational prospective cohort study regarding cognitive and behavioural development until the age of 36?months in relation to internal exposure to organochlorine pollutants [sum of polychlorinated biphenyls (sum PCB), dioxin-like activity, PCB118, PCB170, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and p,p’-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE)] measured in cord blood.
Gliosarcoma in patients under 20?years of age. A clinicopathologic study of 11 cases and detailed review of the literature
Nasir Ud Din, Hira Ishtiaq, Shabina Rahim, Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar, Zubair Ahmad
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02556-9
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 101.
Gliosarcoma is a rare variant of IDH- wild type glioblastoma with both glial and mesenchymal differentiation. It accounts for approximately 2% of glioblastomas and has a poor prognosis similar to that of classic glioblastoma. It is seen mostly between 40 and 60?years of age with a mean age over 50?years. Pediatric gliosarcoma is even rarer than gliosarcoma in adults. We describe the clinicopathological features of gliosarcoma in patients under 20?years of age and determine whether there are significant differences from gliosarcoma in adults. We also present detailed review of published literature on pediatric gliosarcoma.
Combination of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and standard immunosuppressive regimen for pediatric patients with severe aplastic anemia
Yang Lan, Fang Liu, Lixian Chang, Lipeng Liu, Yingchi Zhang, Meihui Yi, Yuli Cai, Jing Feng, Zhibo Han, Zhongchao Han, Xiaofan Zhu
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02562-x
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 102.
Defects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in proliferation and differentiation are involved in the pathophysiology of aplastic anemia (AA). Infusion of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) may improve the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy (IST) in childhood severe aplastic anemia (SAA).
Adapting the Wheelchair Skills Program for pediatric rehabilitation: recommendations from key stakeholders
Geneviève Daoust, Paula W. Rushton, Marissa Racine, Karolann Leduc, Najoua Assila, Louise Demers
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02564-9
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 103.
Backed by over 20?years of research development, the Wheelchair Skills Program (WSP) has proven to be a safe and effective program to improving wheelchair skills for adult wheelchair users. However, evidence is lacking for the pediatric population, which may help to explain the limited use of the WSP in pediatric settings. While additional evidence specific to the pediatric population is needed, concurrent implementation of the WSP into pediatric clinical practice is equally prudent to allow those users to benefit from the years of accumulated WSP evidence. To facilitate implementation of evidence-based programs into practice, adaptation is also often required to improve the fit between the program and the local context. Therefore, the objective of this study was to understand what adaptations, if any, are required for the WSP to be implementable in a pediatric setting.
Histological chorioamnionitis is associated with an increased risk of wheezing in preterm children less than 34 gestational weeks
Xiaoli Wang, Haiyuan Li, Qianqian Zhang, Qianwen Shen, Dan Zhu, Hong Li, Zheng Tang, Jiuru Zhao, Zhiwei Liu
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02572-9
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 104.
Chorioamnionitis is associated with various neonatal short- and long-term morbidities. The effect of chorioamnionitis on premature children’s outcomes remains controversial. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) and physiological development, wheezing, and atopic diseases in preterm children.
Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma: magnetic resonance imaging features in 64 cases
Suhua Peng, Chunchao Xia, Kaiying Yang, Siyuan Chen, Yi Ji
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02573-8
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 107.
Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare, locally aggressive disorder. The presenting and imaging features of KHE can overlap with other vascular anomalies and tumours. We aimed to analyse the imaging findings of KHE disorder and highlight features most suggestive of this diagnosis.
Etiologic distribution and clinical characteristics of pediatric diabetes in 276 children and adolescents with diabetes at a single academic center
Ja Hye Kim, Yena Lee, Yunha Choi, Gu-Hwan Kim, Han-Wook Yoo, Jin-Ho Choi
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02575-6
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 108.
The prevalence of monogenic diabetes is estimated to be 1.1–6.3% of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Europe. The overlapping clinical features of various forms of diabetes make differential diagnosis challenging. Therefore, this study investigated the etiologic distribution and clinical characteristics of pediatric diabetes, including monogenic diabetes, who presented at a single tertiary center over the last 20?years.
Clinical utility of procalcitonin in febrile infants younger than 3?months of age visiting a pediatric emergency room: a retrospective single-center study
Jun-Sung Park, Young-Hoon Byun, Jeong-Yong Lee, Jong Seung Lee, Jeong-Min Ryu, Seung Jun Choi
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02568-5
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 109.
Fever in infants under 90?days of age is highly likely to be caused by a severe bacterial infection (SBI) and it accounts for a large number of patients visiting the pediatric emergency room. In order to predict the bacterial infection and reduce unnecessary treatment, the classic classification system is based on white blood cell (WBC) count, urinalysis, and x-ray, and it is modified and applied at each center by incorporating recently studied biomarkers such as c-reactive protein (CRP) or procalcitonin (PCT). This study analyzed the usefulness of PCT in predicting SBI when applied along with the existing classification system, including CRP, among infants less than 90?days old who visited with a fever at a single institution pediatric emergency center.
Prevalence of problematic feeding in young children born prematurely: a meta-analysis
Britt Frisk Pados, Rebecca R. Hill, Joy T. Yamasaki, Jonathan S. Litt, Christopher S. Lee
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02574-7
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 110.
Difficulties related to eating are often reported in children born preterm. The objective of this study was to quantitatively synthesize available data on the prevalence of problematic feeding in children under 4?years of age who were born preterm.
Body composition in term offspring after maternal gestational diabetes does not predict postnatal hypoglycemia
Cornelia Wiechers, Lena S. Balles, Sara Kirchhof, Romy Weber, Vanessa Avellina, Jan Pauluschke-Fr?hlich, Manfred Hallschmid, Louise Fritsche, Hubert Prei?l, Andreas Fritsche, Christian F. Poets, Axel R. Franz
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02578-3
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 111.
Offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have an increased risk of neonatal complications like birth trauma due to macrosomia or postnatal hypoglycemia, as well as long-term metabolic sequelae. Neonatal body composition may be a sensitive marker of metabolic effects on the fetus caused by suboptimal glycemic control during pregnancy.
Toxic stress, health and nutrition among Brazilian children in shelters
Adriana César da Silveira, ?lvaro Jorge Madeiro Leite, Poliana Coelho Cabral, Ariclécio Cunha de Oliveira, Keciany Alves de Oliveira, Pedro Israel Cabral de Lira
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02577-4
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 112.
Living in a shelter is an adverse experience that generates toxic stress. This situation can cause the dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and exert a negative impact on health.The aim of the present study was to determine the association between toxic stress and social, clinical and nutritional characteristics in children at welfare institutions in a city of northeastern of Brazil.
Factors associated with neurodevelopment in preterm infants with systematic inflammation
Eun Sun Lee, Ee-Kyung Kim, Seung han Shin, Young-Hun Choi, Young Hwa Jung, Sae Yun Kim, Ji Won Koh, Eui Kyung Choi, Jung-Eun Cheon, Han-Suk Kim
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02583-6
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 114.
Several studies have suggested that adverse neurodevelopment could be induced by systemic inflammation in preterm infants. We aimed to investigate whether preterm infants with systemic inflammation would have impaired neurodevelopment and which biomarkers and neurophysiologic studies during inflammation are associated with poor neurodevelopment.
Magnetic resonance imaging follow-up can screen for soft tissue changes and evaluate the short-term prognosis of patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip after closed reduction
Xianghong Meng, Jianping Yang, Zhi Wang
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02587-2
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 115.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can show the architecture of the hip joint clearly and has been increasingly used in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) confirmation and follow-up. In this study, MRI was used to observe changes in the hip joints before and after closed reduction (CR) and to explore risk factors of residual acetabular dysplasia (RAD).
Life satisfaction in families with a child in an Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome
Christiane Chadasch, Boris Kotchoubey
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02549-8
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 116.
The article examines life conditions in families living together with a child in an Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome (UWS). Such families experience severe stress at financial, logistical, and existential level.
Otitis media outcomes of a combined 10-valent pneumococcal Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedule at 1-2-4-6?months: PREVIX_COMBO, a 3-arm randomised controlled trial
Amanda Jane Leach, Edward Kim Mulholland, Mathuram Santosham, Paul John Torzillo, Peter McIntyre, Heidi Smith-Vaughan, Nicole Wilson, Beth Arrowsmith, Jemima Beissbarth, Mark D. Chatfield, Victor M. Oguoma, Peter Stanley Morris
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02552-z
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 117.
Aboriginal children living in Australian remote communities are at high risk of early and persistent otitis media, hearing loss, and social disadvantage. Streptococcus pneumoniae and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) are the primary pathogens. We compared otitis media outcomes in infants randomised to either a combination of Synflorix™ (PHiD-CV10, with protein D of NTHi) and Prevenar13™ (PCV13, with 3, 6A, and 19A), with recommended schedules for each vaccine alone. We previously reported superior broader overall immunogenicity of the combination schedule at 7?months, and early superiority of PHiD-CV10 compared to PCV13 at 4?months.
Inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability of the Performance and Fitness (PERF-FIT) test battery for children: a test for motor skill related fitness
Bouwien C. M. Smits-Engelsman, Eline Smit, Rosemary Xorlanyo Doe-Asinyo, Stella Elikplim Lawerteh, Wendy Aertssen, Gillian Ferguson, Dorothee L. Jelsma
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02589-0
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 119.
The Performance and Fitness (PERF-FIT) test battery for children is a recently developed, valid assessment tool for measuring motor skill-related physical fitness in 5 to 12-year-old children living in low-income settings. The aim of this study was to determine: (1) inter-rater reliability and (2) test-retest reliability of the PERF-FIT in children from 3 different countries (Ghana, South Africa and the Netherlands).
Functional and structural evaluation in the lungs of children with repaired congenital diaphragmatic hernia
June-Young Koh, Euiseok Jung, Hyun Woo Goo, Seong-Chul Kim, Dae Yeon Kim, Jung-Man Namgoong, Byong Sop Lee, Ki-Soo Kim, Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02586-3
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 120.
To evaluate the long-term functional and structural pulmonary development in children with repaired congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and to identify the associated perinatal-neonatal risk factors.
Clinical characteristics and risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children with obesity
Luting Peng, Su Wu, Nan Zhou, Shanliang Zhu, Qianqi Liu, Xiaonan Li
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02595-2
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 122.
With the increasing number of children with obesity worldwide, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disease among children. It is necessary to recognize the risk factors of NAFLD for prevention in childhood since NAFLD is asymptomatic in the early stage. Objectives. The objective of this study was to investigate possible risk factors of NAFLD in children with obesity, providing evidence for monitoring and prevention strategies at an early stage for obese children with NAFLD.
Incidence of neural tube defects and their risk factors within a cohort of Moroccan newborn infants
Khenata Forci, El Arbi Bouaiti, Mohamed Hassan Alami, Asmaa Mdaghri Alaoui, Amal Thimou Izgua
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02584-5
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 124.
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a group of birth defects that result from a partial or complete failure of the neural tube to close during embryogenesis. Their prevalence varies between 0.5 to 2 per 1000 births in countries without folic acid supplementation. The aim of our study is to assess the NTDs incidence and describe the risk factors within Moroccan newborn infants.
Neonatal mortality among neonates admitted to NICU of Hiwot Fana specialized university hospital, eastern Ethiopia, 2020: a cross-sectional study design
Addis Eyeberu, Hirpo Shore, Tamirat Getachew, Genanaw Atnafe, Merga Dheresa
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02598-z
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 125.
In Ethiopia, neonatal mortality is unacceptably high. Despite many efforts made by the government and other partners to reduce neonatal mortality; it has been increasing since 2014. Factors associated with neonatal mortality were explained by different researchers indifferently. There is no clear evidence to identify the magnitude of neonatal mortality and associated factors in the study area. The study aimed to assess the magnitude and factors associated with neonatal mortality.
Clinical characteristics of severe neonatal enterovirus infection: a systematic review
Meng Zhang, Haoran Wang, Jun Tang, Yang He, Tao Xiong, Wenxing Li, Yi Qu, Dezhi Mu
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02599-y
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 127.
Enterovirus (EV) is a common cause of infection in neonates. Neonates are at high risk of enterovirus infection with serious clinical manifestations and high lethality. This review systematically summarized the clinical characteristics of neonates with severe enteroviral infection to provide evidence for the identification and treatment of severe neonatal EV infection.
Family meal participation is associated with dietary intake among 12-month-olds in Southern Norway
Elisabet R. Hillesund, Linda R. Sagedal, Elling Bere, Nina C. ?verby
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02591-6
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 128.
Family meal participation is associated with healthier eating among children and adolescents. Less is known about family meal participation among infants and toddlers. The objective of the present study was to explore whether family meal participation at 12?months of age is associated with dietary intake and whether a potential relationship differs according to maternal education or child sex.
Temperament, physical activity and sedentary time in preschoolers – the DAGIS study
Marja H. Lepp?nen, Kaisa Kaseva, Riikka Pajulahti, Katri S??ksj?rvi, Ella M?kynen, Elina Engberg, Carola Ray, Maijaliisa Erkkola, Nina Sajaniemi, Eva Roos
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02593-4
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 129.
Identifying individual characteristics linked with physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (SED) can assist in designing health-enhancing interventions for children. We examined cross-sectional associations of temperament characteristics with 1) PA and SED and 2) meeting the PA recommendation in Finnish children.
Single-dose azithromycin for child growth in Burkina Faso: a randomized controlled trial
Ali Sié, Boubacar Coulibaly, Clarisse Dah, Mamadou Bountogo, Mamadou Ouattara, Guillaume Compaoré, Jessica M. Brogdon, William W. Godwin, Elodie Lebas, Thuy Doan, Benjamin F. Arnold, Travis C. Porco, Thomas M. Lietman, Catherine E. Oldenburg
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02601-7
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 130.
In lower resource settings, previous randomized controlled trials have demonstrated evidence of increased weight gain following antibiotic administration in children with acute illness. We conducted an individually randomized trial to assess whether single dose azithromycin treatment causes weight gain in a general population sample of children in Burkina Faso.
Prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants and young children in China
Ying Huang, Serene Yaling Tan, Panam Parikh, Vanitha Buthmanaban, Shaman Rajindrajith, Marc Alexander Benninga
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02610-6
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 131.
The prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in children, particularly from Asia, is largely unknown. There are not many studies done in Asia especially using the Rome IV criteria. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of FGIDs in infants and young children in a representative sample in China.
Maternal toxoplasmosis and the risk of childhood autism: serological and molecular small-scale studies
Jamila S. Al Malki, Nahed Ahmed Hussien, Fuad Al Malki
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02604-4
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 133.
Toxoplasmosis resulting from infection with the Toxoplasma parasite has become an endemic disease worldwide. Recently, a few studies have reported a high prevalence of Toxoplasmosis infections among Saudi Arabian women. This disease could become life threatening for pregnant women and for immunodeficient people. There is evidence that infections during pregnancy, especially in the early stages, are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Autism disorder represents one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders worldwide; it is associated with delayed language development, weak communication interaction, and repetitive behavior. The relationship between prenatal toxoplasmosis and autism in childhood remains unclear. The present study aims to report a link between maternal toxoplasmosis and autistic offspring among Saudi Arabian women.
Regional variation in cost of neonatal intensive care for extremely preterm infants
Asaph Rolnitsky, David Urbach, Sharon Unger, Chaim M. Bell
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02600-8
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 134.
Regional variation in cost of neonatal intensive care for extremely preterm infant is not documented. We sought to evaluate regional variation that may lead to benchmarking and cost saving.
Effects of equine-assisted activities on attention and quality of life in children with cerebral palsy in a randomized trial: examining the comorbidity with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Bomi Ahn, Yoo-Sook Joung, Jeong-Yi Kwon, Dong Ik Lee, Soohwan Oh, Byoung-Uk Kim, Jung Yoon Cha, Ji-Hae Kim, Ji Young Lee, Hye Yeon Shin, Yun Sik Seo
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02597-0
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 135.
Attention problems and decreased quality of life are frequently accompanied in Cerebral Palsy (CP), which can negatively affect rehabilitation of physical disability. However, the majority of affected children remain untreated in the aspects of attention or psychosocial factors. Equine-Assisted Activities and Therapies (EAAT) use horse as a therapeutic modality including grooming as well as mounted riding activities in which patients exercise and experience mounted stimulation. It is known to help improve attention in children with ADHD, so that it can be an exercise therapy that is expected to improvement of attention as well as rehabilitating effects in CP patients. EAA may be a promising strategy to address the unmet need for CP patients. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of EAA for children with CP, those with both CP and ADHD and confirm the comorbidity between CP and ADHD.
Applying the RE-AIM framework to evaluate the implementation of the Supporting and Enhancing NICU Sensory Experiences (SENSE) program
Roberta Pineda, Jessica Roussin, Jenny Kwon, Elizabeth Heiny, Graham Colditz, Joan Smith
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02594-3
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 137.
To maximize the benefit of parent-directed, positive sensory exposures in the NICU, a structured sensory-based program titled the Supporting and Enhancing NICU Sensory Experiences (SENSE) program was developed that includes specific doses and targeted timing of evidence-based sensory exposures.
Virologic response of treatment experienced HIV-infected Ugandan children and adolescents on NNRTI based first-line regimen, previously monitored without viral load
Phionah Kibalama Ssemambo, Mary Gorrethy Nalubega-Mboowa, Arthur Owora, Robert Serunjogi, Susan Kironde, Sarah Nakabuye, Francis Ssozi, Maria Nannyonga, Philippa Musoke, Linda Barlow-Mosha
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02608-0
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 139.
Many HIV-infected African children gained access to antiretroviral treatment (ART) through expansion of PEPFAR programs since 2004 and introduction of “Test and Treat” WHO guidelines in 2015. As ART access increases and children transition from adolescence to adulthood, treatment failure is inevitable. Viral load (VL) monitoring in Uganda was introduced in 2016 replacing clinical monitoring. However, there’s limited data on the comparative effectiveness of these two strategies among HIV-infected children in resource-limited settings (RLS).
Severe hypernatremia in children after surgical resection of hepatic echinococcosis: a rare and potentially fatal complication
Kewei Li, Yijun Liu, Xiaolong Xie, Rongxing Zhou, Bo Xiang
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02607-1
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 140.
Using effective scolicidal agents intraoperatively is essential to lessen the recurrence rate of hepatic echinococcosis. However, severe hypernatremia may occur after hypertonic saline (HS) has been applied as the scolicidal agent. The aim of this study is to report on pediatric patients with severe hypernatremia after hepatic echinococcus surgery.
The effect of combined transcranial pulsed current stimulation and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on lower limb spasticity in children with spastic cerebral palsy: a randomized and controlled clinical study
Zhenhuan Liu, Shangsheng Dong, Sandra Zhong, Fang Huang, Chuntao Zhang, Yuan Zhou, Haorong Deng
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02615-1
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 141.
In the current study, we applied a combination of non-invasive neuromodulation modalities concurrently with multiple stimulating electrodes. Specifically, we used transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) as a novel strategy for improving lower limb spasticity in children with spastic cerebral palsy (SCP) categorized on levels III–V of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) with minimal side effects.
Growth and neurodevelopment in low birth weight versus normal birth weight infants from birth to 24?months, born in an obstetric emergency hospital in Haiti, a prospective cohort study
Marjorie Hilaire, Xanthi D. Andrianou, Annick Lenglet, Cono Ariti, Kessiane Charles, Sonja Buitenhuis, Daan Van Brusselen, Harriet Roggeveen, Elizabeth Ledger, Rodnie Selva Denat, Lindsay Bryson
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02605-3
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 143.
Low birthweight (LBW) infants are at higher risk of mortality and morbidity (growth, chronic disease and neurological problems) during their life. Due to the high incidence of (pre-) eclampsia in Haiti, LBW infants are common. We assessed the anthropometric growth (weight and length) and neurodevelopmental delay in LBW and normal birthweight (NBW) infants born at an obstetric emergency hospital in Port au Prince, Haiti, between 2014 and 2017.
Growth of preterm very low birth weight infants discharged with weight of less than 1500grams
Yaser Abdallah, Flavia Namiiro, Jolly Nankunda, Jamiru Mugalu, Yvonne Vaucher
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02612-4
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 145.
Early discharge of preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) infants is at times inevitable in low resource settings. The implication of such practice on the growth of this high-risk population is not known. We conducted a retrospective chart review to describe the growth of preterm VLBW infants discharged with a weight of less than 1500?g.
Evaluation of malnutrition status and clinical indications in children with celiac disease: a cross-sectional study
Zahra Setavand, Maryam Ekramzadeh, Naser Honar
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02621-3
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 147.
Celiac Disease (CD) is an autoimmune systemic disorder triggered by gluten in genetically susceptible individuals, which can lead to chronic malabsorption. Considering the changes in the manifestations of CD, this study aimed to determine anthropometric indices and clinical indications in children with CD.
Factors associated with problematic internet use among a large sample of Lebanese adolescents
Joseph E. Dib, Chadia Haddad, Hala Sacre, Marwan Akel, Pascale Salameh, Sahar Obeid, Souheil Hallit
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02624-0
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 148.
International literature clearly describes factors associated with problematic internet use, including substance dependence, online gambling, social impairment, and functional difficulties. Therefore, it was imperative to assess the extent to which young adolescents in Lebanese schools are affected by problematic internet use (PIU) and the factors associated with it. This large-scale Lebanese survey aims to evaluate the relationship between PIU, depression, and substance use, including alcohol consumption and nicotine use (cigarettes and waterpipe) among adolescents in Lebanese schools.
Progression of pediatric celiac disease from potential celiac disease to celiac disease: a retrospective cohort study
Shruti Sakhuja, Lori R. Holtz
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02625-z
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 149.
A subset of patients with serology suggesting celiac disease have an initially negative biopsy but subsequently develop histopathologic celiac disease. Here we characterize patients with potential celiac disease who progress to celiac disease.
Management of Comprehensive Care of multiple-birth infants from fetal to infancy period: challenges, training, strategies
Tahereh Changiz, Mahboobeh Namnabati
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02613-3
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 150.
Prematurity escalates the crisis of the infants a susceptible group of the society. Multiple delivery further intensifies the susceptibility of both family and health system. A comprehensive care is, thus, necessary to ensure the optimal growth and development of such multiple-births. Accompanied by trainings, challenges, and strategies, the present study was conducted based on a two-year report of comprehensive care management experience on two sets of multiple infants.
NOX5 is expressed aberrantly but not a critical pathogenetic gene in Hirschsprung disease
Jing Wang, Jun Xiao, Xinyao Meng, Xufeng Chu, Di Di Zhuansun, Bo Xiong, Jiexiong Feng
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02611-5
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 153.
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a congenital disorder characterized by the absence of intramural ganglion cells in the distal gastrointestinal tract (GI), which results in tonic contraction of the aganglionic gut segment and functional intestinal obstruction. Recent studies have suggested NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) as a candidate risk gene for HSCR. In this study, we examined the function of NOX5 to verify its role in the development of the enteric nervous system (ENS).
Priorities for intervention to prevent diarrhea among children aged 0–23?months in northeastern Ethiopia: a matched case-control study
Alemwork Baye, Metadel Adane, Tadesse Sisay, Habtamu Shimels Hailemeskel
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02592-5
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 155.
The global public health problem of diarrhea is most prevalent in developing countries including Ethiopia, especially among children under two years of age. Limited information on the determinants of diarrhea among children aged 0–23?months hinders the design and prioritization of intervention strategies to address childhood diarrhea in Dessie City, northeastern Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the determinants of diarrhea in order to identify priority interventions for its control.
Reference intervals for 26 common biochemical analytes in term neonates in Jilin Province, China
Kaijin Wang, Xuetong Zhu, Qi Zhou, Jiancheng Xu
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02565-8
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 156.
Biochemical analytes provide information for neonatal disease management and therapy, and population-based reference intervals (RIs) are essential to accurately interpret laboratory test results. This study aimed to establish local RIs for biochemical assays in term neonates.
Tight junction protein ZO-1 in Kawasaki disease
Wan-Tz Lai, Hung-Chang Lee, Ying-Hsien Huang, Mao-Hung Lo, Ho-Chang Kuo
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02622-2
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 157.
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a form of systemic febrile vasculitis that is complicated with coronary artery lesions (CAL). The tight junctions that maintain the intestinal barrier also play a role in systemic inflammatory diseases. Serum zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) expression was found to be significantly lower in asthmatic patients, and another study reported that elevated systemic ZO-1 was positively correlated with inflammation in cirrhotic patients. A murine model of KD vasculitis demonstrated that vasculitis depended on intestinal barrier dysfunction, which is maintained by tight junctions. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of the tight junction zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the treatment response of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and the occurrence of CAL formation in KD patients.
Diagnostic measures for severe acute malnutrition in Indian infants under 6?months of age: a secondary data analysis
Ranadip Chowdhury, Nitika, Tarun Shankar Choudhary, Sunita Taneja, Jose Martines, Nita Bhandari, Rajiv Bahl
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02629-9
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 158.
Weight for length z-score (WLZ)?<???3 is currently used to define severe acute malnutrition (SAM) among infants. However, this approach has important limitations for infants younger than 6?months of age as WLZ cannot be calculated using WHO growth standards if infant length is <?45?cm. Moreover, length for age z-score (LAZ) and weight for length z-score (WLZ) are least reliable measures, with high chances of variation, and less chances of detecting undernutrition in under 6?months infants. The objective of the current analysis was to compare WLZ with WAZ and LAZ in a cohort of Indian infants in predicting the deaths between 6?weeks and 6?months of age.
Parents’ experiences of caring for a young child with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative evidence
B. Kimbell, J. Lawton, C. Boughton, R. Hovorka, D. Rankin
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02569-4
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 160.
To synthesise the qualitative evidence on parents’ experiences of caring for a child aged ?8?years with type 1 diabetes to identify: the challenges they encounter; their views about support received; ways in which support could be improved; and, directions for future research.
A home-based, post-discharge early intervention program promotes motor development and physical growth in the early preterm infants: a prospective, randomized controlled trial
Juan Fan, Jianhui Wang, Xianhong Zhang, Ruiyun He, Shasha He, Mei Yang, Yujie Shen, Xiaojun Tao, Mei Zhou, Xiong Gao, Lijun Hu
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02627-x
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 162.
The implementation of early intervention (EI) in medical settings is time-consuming and resource-intensive, which limits its extensive use. In 2018, the Chinese Eugenics Association developed a home-based, post-discharge EI program. This study aims at evaluating the impact of this EI program on neurodevelopment and physical growth of early preterm infants.
Maternal and neonatal factors associated with child development in Cear?, Brazil: a population-based study
Hermano A. L. Rocha, Christopher R. Sudfeld, ?lvaro J. M. Leite, M?rcia M. T. Machado, Sabrina G. M. O. Rocha, Jocileide S. Campos, Anamaria C. e Silva, Luciano L. Correia
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02623-1
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 163.
The first 1000?days of life are a critical period when the foundations of child development and growth are established. Few studies in Latin America have examined the relationship of birth outcomes and neonatal care factors with development outcomes in young children. We aimed to assess the association between pregnancy and neonatal factors with children’s developmental scores in a cross-sectional, population-based study of children in Cear?, Brazil.
Health and adverse childhood experiences among homeless youth
Andrew J. Barnes, Amy L. Gower, Mollika Sajady, Katherine A. Lingras
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02620-4
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 164.
Homelessness is associated with health problems and with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). The risk of chronic health conditions for homeless compared to housed youth, and how this risk interacts with ACEs remains unclear. This study investigated the relationship between ACEs, housing, and child health, and whether: 1) ACEs and health vary by housing context; 2) ACEs and homelessness confer independent health risks; and 3) ACEs interact with housing with regard to adolescent health.
Pattern of comorbidities in school-aged children with cerebral palsy in Cross River State, Nigeria
Roseline E. Duke, Chimaeze Torty, Uche Okorie, Min J. Kim, Nnena Eneli, Ukam Edadi, Kathryn Burton, Cally Tann, Richard Bowman
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02637-9
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 165.
To describe the pattern of comorbidities in school-aged children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to identify which, if any, were associated with poor school attendance.
Treatment administered to newborns with congenital syphilis during a penicillin shortage in 2015, Fortaleza, Brazil
Ana F?tima Braga Rocha, Maria Alix Leite Ara?jo, Melanie M. Taylor, Edna O. Kara, Nathalie Jeanne Nicole Broutet
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02619-x
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 166.
Between 2014 and 2016, Brazil experienced a severe shortage in penicillin supply, resulting in a lack of treatment among some pregnant women and newborns with syphilis and the use of non-evidence-based regimens. This study evaluated all live births in Fortaleza reported with CS in 2015 in order to identify the different therapeutic regimens used in newborns during this period of penicillin shortage.
Perceptions and practices on newborn care and managing complications at rural communities in Bangladesh: a qualitative study
Abu Sayeed Md. Abdullah, Koustuv Dalal, Masuma Yasmin, Gainel Ussatayeva, Abdul Halim, Animesh Biswas
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02633-z
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 168.
Community misperception on newborn care and poor treatment of sick newborn attributes to neonatal death and illness severity. Misperceptions and malpractices regarding neonatal care and neonatal complications are the leading causes of neonatal deaths in Bangladesh. The study was conducted to explore neonatal care’s perceptions and practices and manage complications among Bangladesh’s rural communities.
Correction to: Optimization of pediatric CT scans in a developing country
Eddy Fotso Kamdem, Odette Ngano Samba, Clemence Alla Takam, Alain Jervé Fotue, Serge Abogo, Cornellius Lukong Fai
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02555-w
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 93.
Optimization of pediatric CT scans in a developing country
Fotso Eddy Kamdem, Samba Odette Ngano, Clemence Alla Takam, Alain Jervé Fotue, Serge Abogo and Cornellius Lukong Fai
doi : 10.1186/s12887-021-02498-2
BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21: 44.
The purpose of this study was to assess scan parameters and to propose strategies to optimize the examinations of children (from 0 to 15 years old) on adult scanners in developing countries.
