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Racial and ethnic representation among a sample of nutrition- and obesity-focused professional organizations in the United States
Tiffany L Carson, Michelle I Cardel, Takara L Stanley, Steven Grinspoon, James O Hill, Jamy Ard, Elizabeth Mayer-Davis, Fatima Cody Stanford
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab284
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 1869–1872
Obesity is a chronic disease that disproportionately affects individuals from nonmajority racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Research shows that individuals from minority racial/ethnic backgrounds consider it important to have access to providers from diverse backgrounds. Health care providers and scientists from minority racial/ethnic groups are more likely than non-Hispanic whites to treat or conduct research on patients from underrepresented groups.
The carbohydrate-insulin model: a physiological perspective on the obesity pandemic
David S Ludwig, Louis J Aronne, Arne Astrup, Rafael de Cabo, Lewis C Cantley, Mark I Friedman, Steven B Heymsfield, James D Johnson, Janet C King, Ronald M Krauss, Daniel E Lieberman, Gary Taubes, Jeff S Volek, Eric C Westman, Walter C Willett, William S Yancy, Jr, Cara B Ebbeling
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab270
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 1873–1885
According to a commonly held view, the obesity pandemic is caused by overconsumption of modern, highly palatable, energy-dense processed foods, exacerbated by a sedentary lifestyle. However, obesity rates remain at historic highs, despite a persistent focus on eating less and moving more, as guided by the energy balance model (EBM). This public health failure may arise from a fundamental limitation of the EBM itself. Conceptualizing obesity as a disorder of energy balance restates a principle of physics without considering the biological mechanisms that promote weight gain. An alternative paradigm, the carbohydrate-insulin model (CIM), proposes a reversal of causal direction. According to the CIM, increasing fat deposition in the body—resulting from the hormonal responses to a high-glycemic-load diet—drives positive energy balance. The CIM provides a conceptual framework with testable hypotheses for how various modifiable factors influence energy balance and fat storage. Rigorous research is needed to compare the validity of these 2 models, which have substantially different implications for obesity management, and to generate new models that best encompass the evidence.
The devil is in the dialysate: A case for high-protein intradialytic nutrition to attenuate loss of skeletal muscle mass
Colleen F McKenna, Kenneth R Wilund, Nicholas A Burd
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab324
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 1886–1887
Vitamin A supplementation for very preterm infants back on the menu–for some or all?
Brian A Darlow
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab328
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 1888–1889
Sexual minority status: An overlooked stigma that affects food insecurity
Nicole A VanKim
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab333
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 1890–1891
Are you what you eat? Through the lens of prepregnancy plant-based diets and risk of gestational diabetes
Yeyi Zhu
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab334
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 1892–1893
Nutriepigenomics and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: potential role of dietary and epigenetics factors in disease development and management
Carmen Marín-Hinojosa, Candelaria Caballero Eraso, Veronica Sanchez-Lopez, Laura Carrasco Hernández, Remedios Otero-Candelera, Jose Luis Lopez-Campos
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab267
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 1894–1906
Over recent decades, a number of studies have revealed the possible role of different types of diets, as well as the nutritional elements they are made up of, in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To date, dietary factors have been identified to play a role in the prevention of COPD, with evidence from antioxidant nutrients, vitamins, and fiber intake. Additionally, certain dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet, together with other Western diets, provide evidence of the influence on COPD development, promoting lung health through nutritional approaches, and giving us an opportunity for intervention. The effect of diet on COPD is conveyed by 3 mechanisms: regulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and carbon dioxide produced/oxygen intake. Current advances have begun to highlight the possible role of diet in modifying gene expression in certain individuals that predisposes them to COPD through epigenetic modifications. The relation between dietary intake and epigenetic factors has therefore outlined nutriepigenomics as a possible missing link in the relation between environmental exposure to smoke and the appearance of a subsequent chronic bronchial obstruction. This review summarizes the evidence regarding the influence of dietary patterns and nutrients and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms on COPD development and prevention with the aim of encouraging clinical research on the impact of dietary modifications on COPD-related clinical outcomes. This review highlights the importance of proposing and carrying out future studies focused on the modulating effects of certain nutrients on epigenetic changes in patients with specific COPD phenotypes (bronchiectasis, emphysema, asthma/COPD, chronic bronchitis), and their individual responses to cigarette smoking, environmental pollution, or other noxious particles. The objectives of these future studies must be directed to the development of novel therapeutic approaches and personalized management of COPD.
Association between protein intake and mortality in older patients receiving parenteral nutrition: a retrospective observational study
Hiroyuki Tamiya, Hideo Yasunaga, Tatsuya Hosoi, Hayato Yamana, Hiroki Matsui, Kiyohide Fushimi, Masahiro Akishita, Sumito Ogawa
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab292
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 1907–1916
Malnutrition of inpatients is often overlooked and remains a serious concern. However, there are few studies on the relations between infused energy and amino acid intakes and clinical outcomes in older patients on parenteral nutrition.
Abdominal adipose tissue radiodensity is associated with survival after colorectal cancer
Elizabeth M Cespedes Feliciano, Renate M Winkels, Jeffrey A Meyerhardt, Carla M Prado, Lydia A Afman, Bette J Caan
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab285
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 1917–1924
Adipose tissue radiodensity may have prognostic importance for colorectal cancer (CRC) survival. Lower radiodensity is indicative of larger adipocytes, while higher radiodensity may represent adipocyte atrophy, inflammation, or edema.
Association of nut consumption with risk of total cancer and 5 specific cancers: evidence from 3 large prospective cohort studies
Zhe Fang, You Wu, Yanping Li, Xuehong Zhang, Walter C Willett, A Heather Eliassen, Bernard Rosner, Mingyang Song, Lorelei A Mucci, Edward L Giovannucci
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab295
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 1925–1935
The associations between nut consumption and cancer risk have not been extensively investigated.
Herbs and spices at a relatively high culinary dosage improves 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in adults at risk of cardiometabolic diseases: a randomized, crossover, controlled-feeding study
Kristina S Petersen, Kristin M Davis, Connie J Rogers, David N Proctor, Sheila G West, Penny M Kris-Etherton
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab291
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 1936–1948
Intake of a single meal containing herbs and spices attenuates postprandial lipemia, hyperglycemia, and oxidative stress, and improves endothelial function. There has been limited investigation of the effect of longer-term intake of mixed herbs and spices on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases.
Prenatal perception of breastfeeding recommendations predicts early breastfeeding outcomes of participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
Qi Zhang, Rajan Lamichhane, Kathryn Wouk, Joanne Guthrie, Kelin Li
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab268
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 1949–1959
Prenatal psychosocial factors predict breastfeeding practices but are not assessed in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).
Pumping supplies alter the microbiome of pumped human milk: An in-home, randomized, crossover trial
Sarah M Reyes, Dainelle L Allen, Janet E Williams, Mark A McGuire, Michelle K McGuire, Anthony G Hay, Kathleen M Rasmussen
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab273
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 1960–1970
The human milk microbiome may contribute to the benefits of breastfeeding by providing bacteria to the infant gastrointestinal tract. Many women pump their milk, but the effect of pumping on the milk microbiome is unknown.
Effects of vitamin D and high dairy protein intake on bone mineralization and linear growth in 6- to 8-year-old children: the D-pro randomized trial
Nanna G Stounbjerg, Line Thams, Mette Hansen, Anni Larnkjær, Julia W Clerico, Kevin D Cashman, Christian Mølgaard, Camilla T Damsgaard
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab286
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 1971–1985
Vitamin D and dairy protein may stimulate bone mineralization and linear growth in children, but previous studies show inconsistent results and have not examined their combined effects.
Association between breastfeeding and sleep patterns in infants and preschool children
Nur K Abdul Jafar, Elaine K H Tham, Wei W Pang, Doris Fok, Mei C Chua, Oon-Hoe Teoh, Daniel Y T Goh, Lynette P-C Shek, Fabian Yap, Kok H Tan, Peter D Gluckman, Yap-Seng Chong, Michael J Meaney, Birit F P Broekman, Shirong Cai
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab297
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 1986–1996
Although most studies have reported unfavorable short-term effects of breastfeeding on early-childhood sleep-wake behaviors that potentially attenuate over time, findings have remained inconsistent.
Prepregnancy plant-based diets and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study of 14,926 women
Zhangling Chen, Frank Qian, Gang Liu, Mengying Li, Trudy Voortman, Deirdre K Tobias, Sylvia H Ley, Shilpa N Bhupathiraju, Ling-Jun Li, Jorge E Chavarro, Qi Sun, Frank B Hu, Cuilin Zhang
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab275
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 1997–2005
Emerging evidence suggests beneficial impacts of plant-based diets on glucose metabolism among generally healthy individuals. Whether adherence to these diets is related to risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is unknown.
Sexual orientation–based disparities in food security among adults in the United States: results from the 2003–2016 NHANES
James K Gibb, Mostafa Shokoohi, Travis Salway, Lori E Ross
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab290
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 2006–2016
Access to sufficient, safe, culturally appropriate, and nutritious food is essential for maintaining both physical and mental health. Despite a growing body of evidence suggesting that sexual minority (SM) people experience significant disparities in socioeconomic and material resource security, there remains a paucity of empirical studies examining the prevalence of food insecurity among SM people relative to their heterosexual peers.
In utero and childhood exposure to the Great Chinese Famine and risk of cancer in adulthood: the Kailuan Study
Xinyuan Zhang, Gang Wang, Michele R Forman, Qingjiang Fu, Connie J Rogers, Shouling Wu, Xiang Gao
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab282
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 2017–2024
The risk of cancer in adulthood can be influenced by exposure to environmental factors (e.g., food shortage and stress) in early life.
Whole-fat dairy products do not adversely affect adiposity or cardiometabolic risk factors in children in the Milky Way Study: a double-blind randomized controlled pilot study
Analise Nicholl, Kane E Deering, Kate Evelegh, Philippa Lyons-Wall, David Lawrence, Trevor A Mori, Mario Kratz, Therese A O'Sullivan
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab288
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 2025–2042
Limited evidence supports the common public health guideline that children >2 y of age should consume dairy with reduced fat content.
Diet and Risk of Incident Lung Cancer: A Large Prospective Cohort Study in UK Biobank
Xiaoxia Wei, Chen Zhu, Mengmeng Ji, Jingyi Fan, Junxing Xie, Yanqian Huang, Xiangxiang Jiang, Jing Xu, Rong Yin, Lingbin Du, Yuzhuo Wang, Juncheng Dai, Guangfu Jin, Lin Xu, Zhibin Hu, Hongbing Shen, Meng Zhu, Hongxia Ma
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab298
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 2043–2051
Epidemiological evidence remains conflicting regarding diet and risk of lung cancer.
Body composition of adults with a history of severe acute malnutrition during childhood using the deuterium dilution method in eastern DR Congo: the Lwiro Cohort Study
Pacifique Mwene-Batu, Jonathan Wells, Ghislain Maheshe, Michel P Hermans, Esther Kalumuna, Gaylord Ngaboyeka, Christine Chimanuka, Victor O Owino, Jean Macq, Melissa Lukula, Michelle Dramaix, Philippe Donnen, Ghislain Bisimwa
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab293
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 2052–2059
Few studies have evaluated the body composition (BC) of adults who suffered from severe acute malnutrition (SAM) during childhood, a population at risk of long-term noncommunicable diseases.
Problem-solving therapy–induced amygdala engagement mediates lifestyle behavior change in obesity with comorbid depression: a randomized proof-of-mechanism trial
Nan Lv, Wesley K Lefferts, Lan Xiao, Andrea N Goldstein-Piekarski, Joseph Wielgosz, Philip W Lavori, Janine M Simmons, Joshua M Smyth, Patrick Stetz, Elizabeth M Venditti, Megan A Lewis, Lisa G Rosas, Mark B Snowden, Olusola A Ajilore, Trisha Suppes, Leanne M Williams, Jun Ma
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab280
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 2060–2073
Depression hinders obesity treatment; elucidating mechanisms may enable treatment enhancements.
Amino acid removal during hemodialysis can be compensated for by protein ingestion and is not compromised by intradialytic exercise: a randomized controlled crossover trial
Floris K Hendriks, Joey S J Smeets, Janneau M X van Kranenburg, Natascha J H Broers, Frank M van der Sande, Lex B Verdijk, Jeroen P Kooman, Luc J C van Loon
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab274
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 2074–2083
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis experience a rapid decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength. Hemodialysis removes amino acids (AAs) from the circulation, thereby lowering plasma AA concentrations and stimulating proteolysis.
Vitamin A supplementation in very-preterm or very-low-birth-weight infants to prevent morbidity and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
Abhijeet A Rakshasbhuvankar, J Jane Pillow, Karen N Simmer, Sanjay K Patole
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab294
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 2084–2096
A previous systematic review showed that intramuscular vitamin A supplementation reduced the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. However, more recent studies have questioned this finding.
Longer-term soy nut consumption improves cerebral blood flow and psychomotor speed: results of a randomized, controlled crossover trial in older men and women
Jordi P D Kleinloog, Lea Tischmann, Ronald P Mensink, Tanja C Adam, Peter J Joris
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab289
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 2097–2106
Effects of soy foods on cerebral blood flow (CBF)—a marker of cerebrovascular function—may contribute to the beneficial effects of plant-based diets on cognitive performance.
Effect of different patterns of consumption of coffee and a cocoa-based product containing coffee on the nutrikinetics and urinary excretion of phenolic compounds
Pedro Mena, Letizia Bresciani, Michele Tassotti, Alice Rosi, Daniela Martini, Monica Antonini, Alessandra Dei Cas, Riccardo Bonadonna, Furio Brighenti, Daniele Del Rio
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab299
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 2107–2118
Coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of several chronic diseases in a dose-dependent manner. Chronic intake results in the transient appearance of bioactive phenolic metabolites in the circulatory system. However, there is a lack of information on the impact of different patterns of coffee consumption on plasma and urinary profiles of phenolic metabolites.
Dietary trials on chronic disease: learning from the past to avoid repeating it
Walter C Willett, David S Ludwig
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab312
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 2119–2120
Reply to WC Willett and D Ludwig
Ross L Prentice, Barbara V Howard, Linda Van Horn, JoAnn E Manson, Rowan T Chlebowski
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab314
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 2120–2122
Calendar of Events
doi : 10.1093/ajcn/nqab394
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 114, Issue 6, December 2021, Page 2123
