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Panax ginseng and its ginsenosides: potential candidates for the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced side effects
YanWanaJingWangaJin-fengXuaFeiTangaLuChenaYu-zhuTanaChao-longRaocdHuiAoabdChengPenga
doi : 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.03.001
Volume 45, Issue 6, November 2021, Pages 617-630
Chemotherapy-induced side effects affect the quality of life and efficacy of treatment of cancer patients. Current approaches for treating the side effects of chemotherapy are poorly effective and may cause numerous harmful side effects. Therefore, developing new and effective drugs derived from natural non-toxic compounds for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced side effects is necessary. Experiments in vivo and in vitro indicate that Panax ginseng (PG) and its ginsenosides are undoubtedly non-toxic and effective options for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced side effects, such as nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and hematopoietic inhibition. The mechanism focus on anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis, as well as the modulation of signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), P62/keap1/Nrf2, c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/P53/caspase 3, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4)/JNK, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT. Since a systemic review of the effect and mechanism of PG and its ginsenosides on chemotherapy-induced side effects has not yet been published, we provide a comprehensive summarization with this aim and shed light on the future research of PG.
Whitening and inhibiting NF-?B-mediated inflammation properties of the biotransformed green ginseng berry of new cultivar K1, ginsenoside Rg2 enriched, on B16 and LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells
Xing YueXuaEun SeobYiaChang HoKangbYingLiuaYeong-GeunLeeaHan SolChoiaHyun BinJangaYueHuoaNam-InBaekaDeok ChunYangaYeon-JuKima
doi : 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.02.007
Volume 45, Issue 6, November 2021, Pages 631-641
Main bioactive constituents and pharmacological functions of ripened red ginseng berry (Panax ginseng Meyer) have been frequently reported. Yet, the research gap targeting the beneficial activities of transformed green ginseng berries has not reported elsewhere.
Gypenoside XVII protects against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury by inhibiting ER stress–induced mitochondrial injury
YingliYuabcdMinWangabcdRongchangChenabcdXiaoSunabcdGuiboSunabcdXiaoboSunabcd
doi : 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.09.003
Volume 45, Issue 6, November 2021, Pages 642-653
Effective strategies are dramatically needed to prevent and improve the recovery from myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. Direct interactions between the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during heart diseases have been recently investigated. This study was designed to explore the cardioprotective effects of gypenoside XVII (GP-17) against I/R injury. The roles of ER stress, mitochondrial injury, and their crosstalk within I/R injury and in GP-17–induced cardioprotection are also explored.
Ginsenoside Rg3 ameliorates allergic airway inflammation and oxidative stress in mice
Wen-ChungHuangabc1Tse-HungHuangadef1Kuo-WeiYehcYa-LingChengSzu-ChuanShenhChian-JiunLioubc
doi : 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.03.002
Volume 45, Issue 6, November 2021, Pages 654-664
Ginsenoside Rg3, isolated from Panax ginseng, has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. It is known to reduce inflammation in acute lung injury in mice, and to reduce the expression of inflammatory cytokines and COX-2 in human asthmatic airway epithelium. In this study, we attempted to determine whether ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in the lungs of asthmatic mice. We also investigated its effects on oxidative stress and the inflammatory response in tracheal epithelial cells.
Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates A? deposition by inhibiting NADPH oxidase 2 activation in APP/PS1 mice
HanZhanga1YongSub1ZhenghaoSuna1MingChena1YuliHanaYanLiaXiananDongaShixinDingaZhiruiFangaWeipingLiaWeizuLia
doi : 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.03.003
Volume 45, Issue 6, November 2021, Pages 665-675
Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), an active ingredient in ginseng, may be a potential agent for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the protective effect of Rg1 on neurodegeneration in AD and its mechanism of action are still incompletely understood.
Effect of red ginseng on visual function and vision-related quality of life in patients with glaucoma
KwanghyunLeeabHeonYangcJoo YeonKimaWungrakChoiaGong JeSeongaChan YunKimaJun MoLeedHyoung WonBaea
doi : 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.03.004
Volume 45, Issue 6, November 2021, Pages 676-682
Red ginseng has been found to improve ocular perfusion and dry eye syndrome in glaucomatous eyes; however, its effects on visual function and vision-related quality of life have not been investigated. This study sought to evaluate the effects of red ginseng on visual function and vision-related quality of life in glaucoma patients using contrast sensitivity and a questionnaire.
Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates mechanical stress-induced cardiac injury via calcium sensing receptor-related pathway
Mei-LiLuaJingWangbYangSunaCongLiaTai-RanSunaXu-WeiHoucHong-XinWanga
doi : 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.03.006
Volume 45, Issue 6, November 2021, Pages 683-694
Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) has been well documented to be effective against various cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Rg1 on mechanical stress-induced cardiac injury and its possible mechanism with a focus on the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) signaling pathway.
Ginsenoside F1 Attenuates Eosinophilic Inflammation in Chronic Rhinosinusitis by Promoting NK Cell Function
So JeongKima1JinjuLeea1Woo SunChoiabHyo JeongKimabMi-YeonKimaSun ChangKimcHun SikKimab
doi : 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.03.007
Volume 45, Issue 6, November 2021, Pages 695-705
Ginsenosides have beneficial effects on several airway inflammatory disorders primarily through glucocorticosteroid-like anti-inflammatory activity. Among inflammatory cells, eosinophils play a major pathogenic role in conferring a risk of severe refractory diseases including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, the role of ginsenosides in reducing eosinophilic inflammation and CRS pathogenesis is unexplored.
Effects of red ginseng on gut, microbiota, and brain in a mouse model of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome
SeonhyeYua1EunhoChunb1YeounjungJicYoung JooLeedMirimJinabc
doi : 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.03.008
Volume 45, Issue 6, November 2021, Pages 706-716
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder, is characterized by chronic abdominal pain and bowel habit changes. Although diverse complicated etiologies are involved in its pathogenesis, a dysregulated gut–brain axis may be an important factor. Red ginseng (RG), a traditional herbal medicine, is proven to have anti-inflammatory effects and improve brain function; however, these effects have not been investigated in IBS.
Korean Red Ginseng exerts anti-inflammatory and autophagy-promoting activities in aged mice
Jin KyeongKimaKon KukShinaHaeyeopKimaYo HanHongaWooramChoiaYi-SeongKwakbChang-KyunHanbSun HeeHyunbJae YoulChoa
doi : 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.03.009
Volume 45, Issue 6, November 2021, Pages 717-725
Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is a traditional herb that has several beneficial properties including anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and autophagy regulatory effects. However, the mechanisms of these effects are not well understood. In this report, the underlying mechanisms of anti-inflammatory and autophagy-promoting effects were investigated in aged mice treated with KRG-water extract (WE) over a long period.
Visualizing the distributions and spatiotemporal changes of metabolites in Panax notoginseng by MALDI mass spectrometry imaging
ChenglongSunab1ShuangshuangMab1LiliLiabDaijieWangabWeiLiuabFengLiuabLanpingGuocXiaoWangab
doi : 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.04.001
Volume 45, Issue 6, November 2021, Pages 726-733
Panax notoginseng is a highly valued medicinal herb used widely in China and many Asian countries. Its root and rhizome have long been used for the treatment of cardiovascular and hematological diseases. Imaging the spatial distributions and dynamics of metabolites in heterogeneous plant tissues is significant for characterizing the metabolic networks of Panax notoginseng, and this will also provide a highly informative approach to understand the complex molecular changes in the processing of Panax notoginseng.
Ginsenoside Rh2 reduces m6A RNA methylation in cancer via the KIF26B-SRF positive feedback loop
ChunmeiHua1LinhanYangd1YiWangeShijieZhoufJingLuocYiGub
doi : 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.05.004
Volume 45, Issue 6, November 2021, Pages 734-743
The underlying mechanisms of the potential tumor-suppressive effects of ginsenoside Rh2 are complex. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is usually dysregulated in cancer. This study explored the regulatory effect of ginsenoside Rh2 on m6A RNA methylation in cancer.
Gintonin-enriched fraction improves sarcopenia by maintaining immune homeostasis in 20- to 24-month-old C57BL/6J mice
Hyun-JiOha1HeeguJina1Seung-YeolNahbBoo-YongLeea
doi : 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.07.006
Volume 45, Issue 6, November 2021, Pages 744-753
Gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) is a new non-saponin component glycolipoprotein isolated from ginseng root. This study examined the effect of GEF on age-related sarcopenia in old C57BL/6J mice.
Ginsenoside Rh2 upregulates long noncoding RNA STXBP5-AS1 to sponge microRNA-4425 in suppressing breast cancer cell proliferation
Jae EunParkHyeon WooKimSung HwanYunSun JungKim
doi : 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.08.006
Volume 45, Issue 6, November 2021, Pages 754-762
Ginsenoside Rh2, a major saponin derivative in ginseng extract, is recognized for its anticancer activities. Compared to coding genes, studies on long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) that are regulated by Rh2 in cancer cells, especially on competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) are sparse.
