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Cosmeceutical and anticancer potential of aqueous extracts of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. aerial parts
ShaguftaYasmeenPromilaGupta
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100456
Volume 29, October 2021, 100456
The present study focuses on the cosmeceutical and medicinal importance of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. extracts. Aqueous extracts of leaves, fruits and bark were screened for the antioxidant, UV protection potential, DNA protective and cytotoxic activity. Among the tested extracts, bark aqueous extract (BAE) was the most bioactive extract in respect to free radical scavenging (FRS) activity having antioxidant activity index (AAI) of 2.73 by DPPH method, IC50 value of 10.02 ± 0.479 ?g/mL by ABTS scavenging assay and FRAP value of 134.98 ± 0.007 mg TE/g dry extract. In addition, sun protection factor (SPF 39.38 ± 0.07) and anti-proliferative activity against B16 mouse melanoma (IC50 0.221 mg/mL) were also highest in BAE with comparatively low selectivity index (SI) 1.89 ± 0.26. Leaves aqueous extract (LAE) had highest SI (8.69 ± 2.41) but lower cytotoxicity (0.302 ± 0.033 mg/mL) towards B16. Fruits aqueous extract (FAE) showed plasmid DNA protection against H2O2 stress in a dose dependent manner. The ct DNA-BAE interaction study reveals non-covalent interaction with a slight shift of ?max from 210 nm (BAE alone) to 220 nm (BAE-ct DNA complex). High antioxidant, SPF and KUVB (3.93 ± 0.005) and KUVA (3.95 ± 0.005) values of BAE project its incorporation in sunscreen formulations as photoprotective principle. Anti-proliferative activity and DNA interacting potential indicates these extracts can be evaluated further for management and prevention of skin cancers.
Recent clinical evidence in the herbal therapy of neonatal jaundice in Iran: A review
LeilaKhedmataSayed YousefMojtahedibAtousaMoienafsharc
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100457
Volume 29, October 2021, 100457
Alternative and herbal therapies for the treatment of neonatal jaundice (NJ) in Iranian children and infants have recently been developed, to reduce the side effects and toxicity of pharmaceutical drugs. In this study results of ethnomedicinal-based clinical trial studies to treat NJ are critically reviewed. Cotoneaster manna was the most important medicinal plant to treat the neonate's hyperbilirubinemia. The maternal consumption of cotoneaster drops, pomegranate paste, and chicory aroma water reduced the serum bilirubin and length of hospitalization. The topical barley flour and oral jujube extract remarkably reduced NJ severity. The topical and oral application of many products of medicinal plants grown in Iran are useful for NJ treatment. However, further studies are required to assess the safety and efficacy of these herbal remedies in larger pediatric populations.
Effectiveness of herbal based medications in the treatment of oral lichen planus: A review article
SaraPourshahidiNafisehSheykhbahaei
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100458
Volume 29, October 2021, 100458
The application of herbal medicine in oral diseases is due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and anxiolytic effects. Moreover, herbal medicine can be effective in wound healing and supporting the immune system. The use of conventional corticosteroid therapy can have several side effects and has been linked with adverse drug reactions in oral lichen planus (OLP), treating the condition with medicinal plants has been very much considered.
Development and evaluation of physical and release properties of a tablet formulation containing dry hydroethanolic extract from Lippia alba leaves
Angélica F.GomesaMaiara P.AlmeidaaAndré L.M.RuelabJuliano G.AmaralaJorge M.DavidcMateus F.Leitead
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100459
Volume 29, October 2021, 100459
The development of an immediate-release solid formulation which contains natural products is a challenge considering several variables. These include the physical properties of the drug, the complex composition of the herbal extracts, and its ability to be released in the body. The present study describes the development and characterization of an immediate-release tablet formulation of a hydroethanolic extract of Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br. dried leaves which possess potential gastroprotective properties and sedative effects. L. alba is a Brazilian herb known as “cidreira,” and the ethnopharmacological use of the leaf infusion has been reported in many South and Central America countries. However, no study has considered phytotherapeutics containing extracts of this herb. To achieve this goal, 14 solid formulations were produced using direct compression, wet granulation, or dry granulation. These were characterized by physical tests, such as average weight, friability, hardness, and disintegration tests. The tablet formulation produced by the dry granulation of 100 mg of the L. alba extract exhibited better physical properties, and it was characterized using acteoside (verbascoside) as a chemical marker, presenting 6.9 % w/w of acteoside content per tablet, corresponding to 41.3 mg of this constituent per unit. This formulation dissolves rapidly in simulated gastric fluid without enzymes, achieving amounts >80 % after 20 min. Thus, an immediate-release tablet formulation with L. alba extract was successfully prepared.
A holistic overview of different species of Potentilla a medicinally important plant along with their pharmaceutical significance: A review
ShailjaKumariaAmitSethbSubhashSharmaaChandrikaAttria
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100460
Volume 29, October 2021, 100460
Medicinal plants have been used in the traditional health care system throughout human history and are considered a source of healthy human living. Different parts of the plants like roots, leaves, stem, bark, fruits, and seeds have been used for preventing various diseases and strengthening the immune system. The genus Potentilla is a potential medicinal plant highly valued for numerous pharmacological activities and bioactive compounds. It belongs to family Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae, which represents more than 300 species and is mainly distributed in temperate, Arctic and Alpine zones of the Northern hemisphere. They are known as Cinquefoils in English, Ratanjot in Hindi. They have been used for the treatment of several ailments (ulcers, respiratory problems). Different solvent extracts (methanol, ethanol, water) of Potentilla species were studied for their antioxidant properties like enzyme inhibitory activity and phytochemical profile. The phytochemical profile was evaluated as total phenolic, flavonoid, saponins, triterpenoid content, and fatty acid composition. The various constituents like sterols, essential oil, caffeic acid, gallic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin, kaempferol have also been isolated and characterized. These bioactive compounds possess antimicrobial, antibacterial, antidiarrheal and antitumor properties. The present review incorporates the description of Potentilla, its ethnobotany, phytochemical constituents and various pharmacological activities of crude extract, fractions and isolated compounds, which could lead to the development of viable drugs for the treatment of a variety of ailments.
The effects of Boswellia (Frankincense) gel and hydrocolloid dressing on healing of second- and third-degree pressure ulcers among hospitalized patients
MarziehVaziriaAliHasanpour DehkordibShahriarSalehi TalidNabiEbrahimic
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100461
Volume 29, October 2021, 100461
Bed sores are among life-threatening factors in patients during hospital confinement. Thus, treating bed sores is one of the major responsibilities of nursing personnel.
An insight into patient management and health outcome monitoring by traditional healers in Botswana
KerstinAndrae-MarobelaaBarbara N.NgwenyabHarrietOkatchcKeitseng N.MonyatsidAudreyMasizana-KatongoeMbakiMuzilaa
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100462
Volume 29, October 2021, 100462
Appropriate medical and ethical conduct of traditional healers is often questioned by experts in the biomedical field. The absence of efficacy proofs and perceived inappropriate dosage measures are cited as reasons for doubting the authenticity of traditional medical practice. The main objective of the study was to analyse patient care processes, the monitoring of treatment adherence and health outcomes by traditional healers including management of side effects. A participatory/exploratory study design, which combined multiple level data collection and analysis, was chosen. Data were collected through consultative and report-back workshops, face-to-face administration of structured and unstructured interviews and non-obtrusive participant observations. Research findings suggest that traditional healers in Botswana areas of expertise include sexually transmitted infections, children’s conditions and reproductive health. Healers maintain close healer-patient relations through effective monitoring of dosage intake, treatment adherence, side effect detection and health improvement. The strategies include coupling prescribed medicine with follow-up visits and phone calls or intake of ‘stay-in’ patients. Healers were found to have an unwritten code of ethical conduct which puts the healing/well-being of a patient at the centre of their practice - a standpoint agreeable with general biomedical ethics. The study demonstrates the provision of quality health services by traditional healers, which should serve as an entry point for holistic health care provision and policy integration.
Simple preparation and analysis of a phytoestrogen-rich extract of Pueraria candollei var. mirifica and its in vitro estrogenic activity
WipaweeJuengsanguanpornsukabGorawitYusakulcWitsarutKraithongabWarapornPutalunab
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100463
Volume 29, October 2021, 100463
As a source of phytoestrogens, Pueraria candollei var. mirifica (PM) is popular in phytopharmaceutical product development for estrogen replacement therapy. It is a challenging process to extract a large amount of phytoestrogens from a complex plant mixture and to quantify these compounds for standardization. In this study, the 95 % (v/v) crude ethanol extract of the PM root cortex was reextracted with 0–20 % (v/v) aqueous ethanol. The results from the quantitative analysis showed that 10 % (v/v) ethanol is the lowest solvent ratio that provided a high phytoestrogen content. More than 90 % of the potent phytoestrogens (i.e., deoxymiroestrol and miroestrol) and 80 % of the isoflavonoids (i.e., puerarin, daidzin, daidzein, genistein, and kwakhurin) were distributed into the derived soluble extract. In contrast, the insoluble extract contained a low level of phytoestrogens and was concentrated with less polar unidentified compounds. The extraction efficiency was confirmed by the estrogenic activity of the soluble extract on the proliferation of MCF-7 cells. The results also indicated that deoxymiroestrol mainly contributed to the total proliferative effects of PM, while the antiproliferative or cytotoxic effects occurred from treatment with the insoluble compounds, which were removed by the extraction method. Therefore, this extraction method is helpful to enhance the known phytoestrogen content and simplify the extraction of chemical constituents from PM as an ingredient in healthcare products.
Phonophoresis of semisolid formulation of Zingiber officinale Roscoe hydroalcoholic extract improves quality of life in patients with moderate knee osteoarthritis: A randomized clinical trial
AminKordi YoosefinejadabMohammad MehdiZarshenascdJavadSadeghi MazidiaMozhdeTahmasbia
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100464
Volume 29, October 2021, 100464
People afflicted with knee osteoarthritis often complain of pain aggravation during routine daily activities. Phonophoresis is a safe method to deliver anti-inflammatory agents to target tissues using ultrasonography. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of ginger have been demonstrated previously; however, its oral consumption revealed some adverse effects.
Coffea arabica pulp aqueous extract attenuates oxidative stress and hepatic lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells
AtcharapornOntawongabTipthidaPasachanaKongkiatTrisuwancSunhapasSoodvilaidAcharapornDuangjaibAnchaleePongchaidechaaDoungpornAmornlerdpisoneChutimaSrimaroenga
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100465
Volume 29, October 2021, 100465
Coffea arabica pulp aqueous extract (CPE) contains several bioactive compounds including chlorogenic acid (CGA), caffeine, catechin and epicatechin. These constituents exhibit several biological activities including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and lipid-lowering activities. Therefore, it was hypothesized that polyphenol-rich CPE could exert hepatic lipid-lowering effects on a human hepatocyte cell line. The present study investigated the effect of CPE against oxidative stress and hepatic lipid accumulation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. The major constituents in CPE were identified using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, and the effect of CPE and its major constituents, CGA and caffeine, on intracellular oxidative stress and hepatic lipid accumulation were quantified using fluorescent 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) and Nile red staining followed by flow cytometry. Total triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (TC) contents and secretion were determined. Genes involving hepatic lipid metabolism and transporters were evaluated using real-time PCR. CPE and CGA exhibited antioxidant capacity against ABTS+, DPPH and hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress without any cytotoxic effects in HepG2 cells. Intracellular lipid contents, TG and TC, were decreased and correlated with cholesterol secretion by CGA, caffeine and CPE. These findings were related mainly through downregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ? (PPAR ?), a lipogenic gene, and upregulating PPAR?, a lipolytic gene. Correspondingly, CPE increased cholesterol efflux transporter ABCG5/8, decreased free fatty acid (FFA) uptake transporter fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) and strongly alleviated FFA-induced hepatic lipid accumulation. Taken together, CPE has effective antioxidant and hepatic lipid-lowering effects and could potentially be developed as a nutraceutical product to prevent dyslipidaemia-induced hepatic steatosis.
Mammea americana: A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and biological activities
ChristelleLemusabJulietteSmith-RavinbOdileMarcelinb
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100466
Volume 29, October 2021, 100466
Mammea americana is a tropical tree belonging to the Calophyllaceae family that bears edible fruits and is known locally as “Mamey”, “Mammee apple” or “Abricot-pays”. All parts of this species have wide applications in traditional medicine according to the country, such as the treatment of skin diseases, fever, inflammation and as an insect-repellent. The whole fresh fruit is widely consumed, the pulp is processed into juice and jam, and the flower is used as flavoured liquor. A significant number of reports highlight its phytochemical composition and biological activities, particularly the high insecticidal potential of this species. However, there is a lack of reviews on the phytochemistry of this plant in a peer-reviewed journal. The present review draws up a general inventory of the ethnobotany, medicinal uses, chemical constituents and pharmacology of Mammea americana.
Severe hypokalemia due to Kampo medicine (Shakuyakukanzoto): A report of two cases
KoshiOtaaHirokiYokoyamaaKensukeFujiiaErikoNakamuraaMasahiroOkaaKannaOtabYoheiSanoaAkiraTakasua
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100467
Volume 29, October 2021, 100467
Shakuyakukanzoto (SKT) has long been used for the treatment of muscle cramps. A typical and well-known adverse effect of SKT is licorice-induced pseudoaldosteronism with symptoms of hypokalemia and hypertension.
Evaluating the efficacy of Achillea Millefolium ointment in the treatment of recurrent idiopathic epistaxis; a randomized double-blind clinical trial
FarnazHashemianaMalihehAkbarpourbKeyvanRazaghicAmirhosseinEmamdMohammadaliSeiferabieieFarshadHashemianf
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100468
Volume 29, October 2021, 100468
Epistaxis is one of the most common reasons for patient referral to ear, nose and throat (ENT) clinics and reported to involve 60 % of the total population. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Achillea Millefolium ointment in the treatment of recurrent idiopathic epistaxis. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, trial, fifty patients with idiopathic recurrent epistaxis completed the study. Full initial assessments and coagulation tests were performed prior to the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of case and control and received "Vitamin A and Achillea Ointment" or "Vitamin A and Placebo ointment" on alternate days respectively (Vitamin A ointment on day 1 and Achillea or Placebo ointment on the next day) for 10 days. Nasal examinations and coagulation tests were carried out on day 10 and patients were visited at the end of first and third month following treatment initiation. The amount of bleeding was recorded by Epistaxis Severity Score (ESS) before and after the intervention (10th Day, 1st and 3rd Month). There was no significant difference in frequency and duration of bleeding between two groups on day 10 (p = 0.105). However, a significant reduction in frequency and duration of bleeding was seen in the case group in the first and third month follow-up (p < 0.001). No complications were reported during the treatment in the case group. This study indicated that Achillea ointment 1% was effective in decreasing ESS and duration of bleeding in patients with recurrent idiopathic epistaxis with no detectable side effects.
Assessment and evaluation of the effect of neem and mango mouthrinses on S. mutans count in vitro and in children
Nikita V.DandekarJ. JasminWinnier
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100469
Volume 29, October 2021, 100469
Mouthrinses play an important role as adjuncts in the prevention of dental caries. In recent times, there has been an increase in the use of naturally occurring products.
Shenrong Wuzi Pill affects the pathway of thyroid hormone synthesis by targeting thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor and altering cAMP production?
YuJiaoaRanHuaSirongHuaBingeWangaDehongHuangaZhouLanb
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100470
Volume 29, October 2021, 100470
Shenrong Wuzi Pill (SWP) is a traditional Chinese medicine used for hypothyroidism treatment. It contains fourteen herbs. However, little is known about the active components and the mechanism of SWP. To reveal the chemical components and drug targets and to systematically dissect the underlying mechanism of SWP as a treatment for hypothyroidism, a network pharmacology approach was used in this study. Four networks were set up, including a hypothyroidism gene network, a pathway of hypothyroidism network, a compound-compound target network, and a compound-compound target-hypothyroidism gene network. Moreover, further analysis focused on overlapping genes between compound targets and hypothyroidism genes. As a result, 14 compounds, 29 overlapping genes and 3 pathways were selected. It was found that SWP and lauric acid from Plantago asiatica L., both upregulated thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor (TRHR) at mRNA and protein levels in NG108-15 cells. Additionally, lauric acid and atropine from Lycium barbarum L. both upregulated growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) at the mRNA level; adenine from Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf. and 17?-estradiol from Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum upregulated adenylyl cyclase 10 (ADCY10) and follicle ¬stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) at mRNA levels, respectively. However, mRNA levels of GHSR, ADCY10 and FSHR were not affected significantly by SWP treatment. Furthermore, SWP, lauric acid, adenine and atropine all upregulated cellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration, which is important for triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) production. Taken together, it was concluded SWP affects the pathway of thyroid hormone synthesis by targeting TRHR and altering cAMP production.
The effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa (sour tea) compared to other herbal teas and antihypertension drugs on cardiometabolic risk factors: Result from a systematic review and meta-analysis
MaryamShafieeaVidaMohammadibAsmaKazemicHajarDavarpanahcSeyedeh MaryamTabibzadehdSiavashBabajafaricHoseinRostamieSeyed MohammadMazloomif
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100471
Volume 29, October 2021, 100471
Hibiscus sabdariffa is a common ingredient in herbal tea blends. Several properties such as antihypertensive and antioxidant activities have been attributed to this plant. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize the knowledge about the effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa (sour tea) compared to other herbal teas and antihypertensive drugs on cardiometabolic risk factors.
Comparative retrospective open-label study of ayurvedic medicines and their combination with allopathic drugs on asymptomatic and mildly-symptomatic COVID-19 patients
AcharyaBalkrishnaabAarti BenBhattcPratimaSinghaSwatiHaldaraAnuragVarshneyabd
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100472
Volume 29, October 2021, 100472
Treatment for COVID-19 was ambiguous in the beginning of the pandemic. At that time, the conventional medical system was grappling to cope with the rapidly spreading pandemic. The potential of Ayurveda, one of the branches of traditional Indian medicine (TIM), with a 5000 year old history, employing medicines derived from plants and other natural sources, against COVID-19 has been explored through a comparative retrospective open-label study.
Nigella sativa extract kills pre-malignant and malignant oral squamous cell carcinoma cells
A. SelmaDagtasaRobert J.Griffinb
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100473
Volume 29, October 2021, 100473
In this study, the potential of Nigella sativa was evaluated in the management of oral cancer through assays designed to mimic conditions expected when chewing the whole seeds or use of a seed extract. For this purpose, a water-based extract of N. sativa seeds was prepared, mimicking the chewing process. This extract demonstrated significant cytotoxic effect on oral cancer and pre-cancerous leukoplakia cells in vitro at a much lower concentration than the predicted oral concentration that could be achieved upon seed chewing. When the active constituent(s) in this water-based N. sativa seed extract, was explored significant quantities of the compound ?-hederin was detected but only modest quantities of thymoquinone suggesting that thymoquinone is not fully released into the aqueous medium during the chewing process. While the N. sativa seed extract induced a different effect on the cells than that of pure thymoquinone, ?-hederin alone induced a very similar effect on the cells to that of the extract. These results suggest that ?-hederin and not thymoquinone, is the major component of the seed that is responsible for the inhibitory effect observed in vitro. Therefore, chewing N. sativa whole seeds or applying a concentrated extract on the oral lesions may be an inexpensive, widely available, and effective option for patients at risk of developing oral cancer who are receiving no other preventive treatment.
Does South Africa hold the key to the development of alternative treatments for resistant dermatophyte infections? A review
BaneleNdlovubCharleneAfricabJeremyKlaasenbFarzanaRahimana
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100474
Volume 29, October 2021, 100474
Dermatophyte infections are becoming increasingly prevalent in humans. Limited availability of antifungal agents and the increasing number of treatment failures have motivated research for therapeutic alternatives, which can be developed as potential antifungal agents. Medicinal plant extracts have been proposed as alternative treatments and scientists are seeking medicinal plant species that could be developed into medicines for various skin diseases including fungal skin infections. South Africa has a rich diversity of indigenous medicinal plants with dermatological therapeutic relevance.
Microbiological contamination of herbal medicinal products marketed in Kenya for chronic diseases: A case study of Nairobi metropolis
Khadija MohamedHassanabPeter MbuguaNjoguaNicholas MwauraNjugunabStanley NjagiNdwigaha
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100475
Volume 29, October 2021, 100475
Herbal medicines’ use is steadily increasing globally, thus creating a compelling need for quality assurance. The present study assessed the microbial contamination of 86 herbal preparations marketed in the Nairobi metropolis used in the management of chronic diseases. Aqueous suspensions of each herbal product were inoculated into agar and evaluated for bacterial and fungal growth. Discrete colonies were transferred to selective media by streak-plate technique for differential analysis. Twenty-eight (32.6 %) products failed to comply with the British Pharmacopoeia (2019) specifications for microbial load. Twenty-six (30.2 %) herbal products, were contaminated with bile-tolerant Enterobacteriaceae. A total of 41 bacterial isolates, including 14 (34.1 %) E. coli, 10 (24.4 %) Salmonella spp. and 17 (41.5 %) undetermined bile-tolerant Enterobacteriaceae, were identified from the 26 herbal products. Overall, 41 (47.7 %) products were non-compliant with pharmacopoeial specifications for microbiological quality. Results of this study imply herbal medicines are heavily contaminated with pathogenic microbes thus underscoring the need for stringent quality assurance policies to safeguard the public from low quality and contaminated herbal medicines.
Prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among diabetic patients in Eastern Mediterranean country members of the World Health Organization (WHO): A review
MohsenAdib-HajbagheryaMojtabaFattahi ArdakanibAhmadSotoudehcAliAsadiand
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100476
Volume 29, October 2021, 100476
Diabetic patients increasingly use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to control and improve their disease.
Initial review on medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing natural materials for the treatment of HIV or AIDS
CarlaPiresaInês CristóvãoSilvab
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100477
Volume 29, October 2021, 100477
Plants are widely used to treat diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Every year, thousands of people die from HIV/AIDS, which reinforces the urgent need for innovative health technologies, including new medicines. Patents may be consulted in free databases, such as Espacenet of the European Patent Office. These documents are classified according to the International Patent Classification (IPC) of the World Intellectual Property Organization. The classification A61K36/00 refers to Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof. The study aim was to carry out an initial review of patent applications of medicinal preparations/phytochemicals used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS under the classification IPC-A61K36/00. Patents relevant to IPC-A61K36/00 containing the keyword “HIV” in the title or abstract were browsed in Espacenet to identify patent applications over ten years between 2007 and 2017. Inclusion criteria: patent applications describing pharmaceutical preparations/phytochemicals used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Exclusion criteria included repeated applications. In total, 33 results were retrieved: 12 (36.4 %) were excluded and 21 (63.6 %) were selected and analyzed. Selected patents (n = 21) were classified as follows: from a single bioactive compound/phytochemical (n = 7), containing multiple bioactive compounds/phytochemicals (n = 10) and/or preparations for co-administration with other HIV treatments or for treating HIV/AIDS-related health problems (n = 4). Despite the few identified patents on this topic, bioactive compounds may be useful in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Additional research is recommended.
Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial and anti-gingivitis effect of Ocimum tenuiflorum Linn. gel with 0.2% chlorhexidine gel – Randomized controlled clinical trial
AnupaJankishaJothiVargheseaVishnu PrasadShenoybVishwanathUcSaleemullaKhandVinayakKamathe
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100478
Volume 29, October 2021, 100478
The phytochemical composition of Ocimum tenuiflorum is highly complex and enriched with nutrients and other biologically active compounds. The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to explore the antimicrobial and anti-gingivitis property of 2 % O. tenuiflorum extract gel with 0.2 % chlorhexidine gel on patients diagnosed with dental plaque induced gingival inflammation as an adjunct to oral prophylaxis.
Antibacterial activity of Indian propolis and its lead compounds against multi-drug resistant clinical isolates
Vinod S.NandreaAditi V.BagadeaDeepak M.KasotebJisun H.J.LeecKisan M.KodamaMohan V.KulkarniaAijazAhmadd
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100479
Volume 29, October 2021, 100479
The limited anti-infectious drugs and growing antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria underscore the urgent need to explore novel antimicrobial agents, preferably from a natural source. Propolis is the potent natural antimicrobial agent, which produced by honeybees using various plant exudates. However, it has been minimally studied against multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms. In the present study, the authors have investigated the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of Indian melifera propolis (IMP) samples and combinations of their lead compounds against three human clinical isolates.
Herbal medicine use among Moroccan type 2 diabetes patients in the Beni Mellal-Khenifra region
AhmedChetouiaKamalKaoutaraKaltoumBoutaharaAbdeslamEl KardoudiaRafikaBenChaoucha-ChekirbFatihaChigraMohamedNajimia
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100480
Volume 29, October 2021, 100480
Accumulating data pointing to the growing use of herbal medicine (HM) among diabetic patients as a complementary treatment. This study aimed to investigate the use of HM among some Moroccan type 2 diabetes patients in the Beni Mellal-Khenifra region, and then to identify the plants used, motivations, source of knowledge, and satisfaction with their use.
Synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles biosynthesised from Aspalathus linearis (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren For progressive macular hypomelanosis
AnalikeBlom van StadenaDanielaKovacsbGiorgiaCardinalibMauroPicardobMaribanyanaLebekocNonhlanhla C.KhumalocSuprakas SinhaRaydNamritaLallaef
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100481
Volume 29, October 2021, 100481
The study investigated a natural solution for the hypopigmentary disorder, progressive macular hypomelanosis (PMH). The aim was to determine whether gold nanoparticles synthesized from Aspalathus linearis (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren could be effective for PMH.
The essential oil from the fruits of Peucedanum oreoselinum (L.) Moench (Apiaceae) as a natural source of P-glycoprotein inhibitors
NunoSilvaaAnaFortunaabLígiaSalgueiroacCarlosCavaleiroac
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100482
Volume 29, October 2021, 100482
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an efflux transporter which plays an important role in cell detoxification processes. However, it contributes to multidrug resistance (MDR) by extruding xenobiotics from cells. Research on P-gp inhibitors of natural origin is receiving growing attention due to their structural diversity and drug potential. Several natural compounds have been signalled for their ability to inhibit P-gp. Extracts from Peucedanum species proved to reduce P-gp expression. Data on the chemistry of Peucedanum oreoselinum (L.) Moench is scarce. The composition of the essential oil, isolated by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger type apparatus, from fruits of P. oreoselinum from Portugal, was determined. The essential oil and some of its constituents were tested for their effect on P-gp-mediated efflux in vitro. The essential oil composition was elucidated by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the effects on P-gp were determined by the intracellular accumulation of Rhodamine 123. The essential oil is mainly composed of monoterpene hydrocarbons (94.9%), and its major constituents are limonene (17.9%), ?-pinene (17.7%), sabinene (16.5%), ?-pinene (14.4%) and Z-ocimene (12.9%). The essential oil, as well as myrcene, a minor constituent, displayed an inhibitory effect on P-gp. The composition of the essential oil is different from that reported in the literature. This is the first report on the P-gp inhibition potential of this essential oil and myrcene, even though other essential oils and terpenic compounds have already demonstrated inhibitory activity, according to previous works. Our study expands the available information on the phytochemistry of P. oreoselinum, and our findings contribute to consolidate the anti-MDR potential of natural products.
Ethnopharmacologic screening of medicinal plants used traditionally by tribal people of Madhya Pradesh, India, for the treatment of snakebites
PushpendraSinghMohammadYasirRahulShrivastava
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100483
Volume 29, October 2021, 100483
Snakebites are a serious health problem throughout the world, particularly in Asia. Several medicinal plants are used traditionally for the treatment of various ailments including snakebites. The aim of the study is to screen medicinal plants, which are traditionally used for the management of snakebites by tribal people and local practitioners of Madhya Pradesh in the central region of India.
Medicinal plants used to treat infectious diseases in the central part and a northern district of Bangladesh – An ethnopharmacological perception
HollySiddiqueabBarbaraPendryaMohammad A.RashidcM. MukhlesurRahmana
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100484
Volume 29, October 2021, 100484
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become more challenging to the treatment of infectious diseases. Easy access to antibiotics, self-medication and irrational uses of antibiotics have made this problem even worse in the developing countries like Bangladesh. However, the indigenous people of Bangladesh have been using traditional Ayurvedic medicine for centuries for the treatment of infections. The aim of study was to document the medicinal plants that are being traditionally used for the treatment of various types of infections in the central part and a northern district of Bangladesh through an ethnopharmacological survey.
Characterization of phenolic compounds isolated from the Fraxinus angustifolia plant and several associated bioactivities
SouadKasmiaAmelHamdibcDinaAtmani-KilaniaNadjetDebbache-BenaidaaSaraJaramillo-CarmonabRocíoRodríguez-ArcosbAnaJiménez-AraujobKarimaAyouniaDjebarAtmaniaRafaelGuillén-Bejaranob
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100485
Volume 29, October 2021, 100485
In Algeria, Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl (Oleaceae) is a prominent ingredient for the treatment of inflammatory diseases caused by oxidative stress. This study aimed to make a comparison between the phenolic compound compositions of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts (decoction and infusion) of this plant and to test the antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-pancreatic lipase activities of the ethanolic extracts from the leaf and bark. The identification and quantification of phenolic compounds was carried out by HPLC-DAD-MS and the antioxidant activity was assessed according to three methods: Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and 2,2?-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging activity. The cytotoxic effect was investigated using the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HCT-116; while pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity was examined using 4-nitrophenyl butyrate (NPB) as a substrate. A large variety of phenolic compounds were detected and the content of the leaf was much higher than that of the bark. The ethanolic extracts from the leaf had a higher antioxidant capacity than those of the bark, however, the latter showed greater antilipase activity and cytotoxicity than the former. These results suggest that this plant may be an important source of active compounds with a variety of biological activities which justify its use in traditional medicine.
Resolution of a vocal fold polyp treated with Chinese herbal medicine: One case report with literature review
Chia-HaoChangab1Chun-PangLinc1IonaMacDonalddTzai-WenChiubSheng-TengHuangacde
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100486
Volume 29, October 2021, 100486
Vocal fold polyps (VFPs) are common benign laryngeal lesions that greatly impact the quality of life, particularly vocal production. Endolaryngeal phonomicrosurgery is the gold standard for treating VFPs, which are potentially associated with devastating vocal complications, including unacceptable voice impairment.
Herbal product use patterns and possible herb-drug interactions among older adults in Turkey
Petek EylulTaneriaNalanAkisbAtilaKaraalpc
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100487
Volume 29, October 2021, 100487
Traditional and Complementary medicine use is on the increase universally. In this descriptive study, the aim is to evaluate the frequency and determinants of herbal product use, as well as determine possible drug-herb interactions among older individuals who live in rural and urban areas.
Functional attributes of polyphenol-rich Woodfordia fruticosa extract: An active ingredient in traditional Indian medicine with nutraceutical potential
J.R.ShubhaabPraveenaBhattab
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100488
Volume 29, October 2021, 100488
The focus of research in recent years has been scientific documentation and validation of the therapeutic properties of medicinal plants traditionally used in alternative systems of medicine. The present study aimed to select a potential medicinal plant, traditionally used in the Indian system of medicine, especially in the treatment of gastrointestinal ailments, evaluate it for functional attributes including stimulation of probiotic bacterial growth, characterize the phytochemical constituents and thus provide possible evidence for their therapeutic use. Initially, hot water extracts of six plants were prepared and analyzed for total phenolic content, antioxidant property, and probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 and MCC 2034) growth stimulatory activity. The selected extract was further assessed for additional bioactivities and characterized for polyphenolic constituents by UHPLC/HRMS. From preliminary results, Woodfordia fruticosa extract (WfE) rich in polyphenols (218.52 mg GAE/g of extract), appreciable DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 0.243 mg/mL), and exhibiting dose-dependent probiotic growth stimulatory property was selected. Further evaluation of WfE showed high antioxidant ability as observed by FRAP (202.42 + 27 ?M Trolox equivalents/g) and ORAC assay (291.702 ± 22.62/mM Trolox equivalents/g). WfE also showed tyrosinase (IC50 = 17.5 ± 2.99 ?g/mL) and alpha-glucosidase (IC50 = 54.94 + 1.28 ?g/mL) inhibitory activity. Polyphenol characterization revealed gallic acid as a major component with quercetin, ellagic acid, and cyanidin 3-glucoside. This study provides evidence for the traditional use of W. fruticosa in several Ayurvedic formulations, especially fermentation-based, targeting various diseases. Furthermore, it opens avenues towards the use of WfE as a functional ingredient in the preparation of synbiotic formulations or functional foods, targeting host health.
Rhus chinensis Mill.: A medicinal plant with promising inhibition of calcium oxalate crystallization, an in-vitro study
Memthoi DeviHeirangkhongjamabIboyaima SinghNgaseppamab
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100489
Volume 29, October 2021, 100489
The fruit of Rhus chinensis Mill. is traditionally used for the treatment of kidney diseases and urinary stones. The present work investigated the effectiveness of the extract obtained from the R. chinensis fruit pulp (RCFP) (water extract) on the inhibition of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystallization in-vitro, at different concentrations (1–10 mg/mL). The rates of nucleation and aggregation were evaluated by comparing the slope of turbidity in the presence of the fruit extract with that obtained in the control. The results of the samples were compared with a parallel study conducted with standards like Citric acid (CA) and Malic acid (MA), Cystone- a marketed polyherbal combination (CYS), under identical concentrations. The densities of the formed crystals were observed under a light microscope. RCFP (water extract) significantly inhibited the slope of nucleation and aggregation of CaOx crystallization, and decreased the crystal density. The standards- CA, MA and CYS also exhibited similar effects. The study reveals that the organic acid in RCFP (water extract) was found effective in the prevention of the experimentally induced urinary stones and thus substantiating the traditional claim. Hence, the fruit of R. chinensis has a beneficial inhibitory effect on in-vitro crystallization of CaOx crystals.
Ayurvedic supportive therapy in the management of breast cancer
Manoj KumarDashaNamrataJoshiaD.N.SGautamaRemyaJayakumaraY.B.Tripathib
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100490
Volume 29, October 2021, 100490
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women. Initial signs of cancer start in the lymph nodes located under the arm, within the breast, and near the collarbone. Many promising remedies for breast cancer are included in Ayurveda, the Indian system of medicine. Nowadays, multi-targeted herbal drugs are used as an adjuvant therapy alongside conventional medicine in the management of this type of cancer. The present review concentrates on the available literature found in Ayurveda regarding plants and breast cancer.
Antimicrobial potential and phytochemical profiling of ethnomedicinal plant Trillium govanianum Wall. ex D. Don in Western Himalaya
RachnaVermaaAshwaniTapwalbDineshKumaraSunilPuria
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100491
Volume 29, October 2021, 100491
The ethnomedicinal plant extract of Trillium govanianum was assessed for its antimicrobial activity and for the presence of phytochemicals to provide scientific support for its ethnomedicinal use. Ethanolic rhizome extract of the plant was used for the antibacterial study and displayed a maximum inhibition zone against a standard isolate of K. pneumoniae (16.66 ± 0.57) followed by an inhibition zone against clinical isolate of K.pneumoniae (16.33 ± 0.57) at 200 ?g/disc. The antimicrobial activity of plant rhizome extract was observed against five pathogenic microbial strains, with both standard strains and clinical isolates viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Standard analysis of phytochemicals in the plant showed the presence of flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, reducing sugars and saponins, however, tannins were found to be absent. In GC–MS profiling the plant rhizome extract showed the presence of important compounds possessing antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. DPPH and FRAP assays showed optimum antioxidant potential of the plant. Antimicrobial and phytochemical investigation of the plant rhizome extract revealed therapeutic potential of Trillium govanianum, thus scientifically supporting its ethnomedicinal use.
Total flavonoid and ionic elements contents in 32 medicinal plants collected from natural habitats in Northern Ukraine
PawelKonieczynskiaRomanLysiukbMarekWesolowskia
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100492
Volume 29, October 2021, 100492
Rationale: Flavonoid containing herbal drugs and promising folk medicine remedies are objects of special attention in recent investigations. The crucial role of essential elements for the sustenance of plants and humans is known, as well as the numerous beneficial effects of flavonoids on human health. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and total flavonoid content (TFC) in medicinal herbs growing in Ukraine, in order to identify medicinal herbs particularly rich in the analyzed elements and flavonoids, as well as to discover the factors responsible for their differentiation. Results: Metals were determined by FAAS and total flavonoids by UV/Vis spectrometry. The order in which metals assayed in mg/kg dry mass (d.m.) was found to be as follows: Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu. Total flavonoids were found in the range from 7.30–251.60 mg/g d.m. Conclusions: The plant samples differed in their essential metal and TFC (in mg/g d.m.), depending on the species of plant and the place of origin in Ukraine. Principal component analysis helped to find the factors responsible for this diversification, which appeared to be the level of Zn and Mn, and TFC. Future studies should be focused on determining the growth conditions which would increase the levels of TFC and essential elements in medicinal herbs used in Ukraine.
Antibacterial activity of plant extracts against periodontal pathogens: A systematic review
KaoutarDiba1OumKeltoumEnnibib1KatimAlaouicYahiaCherrahdAbdelkarimFilali-Maltoufe
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100493
Volume 29, October 2021, 100493
This review intended to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial effect of natural plant extracts against periodontal pathogens responsible for periodontal disease.
Use of complementary traditional phytotherapy to manage cancer in Morocco: A decade-long review of ethnopharmacological studies
MohamedAboufarasabKarimaSelmaouiaNadiaOuzennouc
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100494
Volume 29, October 2021, 100494
To synthesize data on prevalence of herbal medicine use by this group, the determinants and predictors of use, and its results as well as to list the medicinal plants used.
Antifungal activity of menthol alone and in combination on growth inhibition and biofilm formation of Candida albicans
NaqibullahNorouziaFahimehAlizadehbAlirezaKhodavandicMohammadJahangiric
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100495
Volume 29, October 2021, 100495
The emergence of high levels of resistance against conventional antifungals in Candida albicans constitutes a global health threat. The search for therapeutic alternatives including natural compounds in combination with antimicrobial drugs may offer the meaans for modern medical treatments. This study evaluated the antifungal activity of a) menthol alone and b) in combination with amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, miconazole, and voriconazole on the growth inhibition and biofilm formation of C. albicans.
Combination of traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of cancer-induced Anorexia/Cachexia: A pilot, randomized, double-blinded and placebo-controlled clinical trial
NedaYaghobiaValiollahMehrzadbShirinsadatBadricAfsanehYegdanehdAzadehMoghaddasc
doi : 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100499
Volume 29, October 2021, 100499
Many therapeutic approaches have been studied for the treatment of cancer-induced cachexia; however, except megestrol acetate, there is still no documented modality.
