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The “oral” history of COVID-19: Primary infection, salivary transmission, and post-acute implications
Julie Teresa Marchesan,Blake M. Warner,Kevin Matthew Byrd
doi : 10.1002/JPER.21-0277
Volume 92, Issue 10 p. 1357-1367
Severe acute respiratorysyndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, has led to more than 3.25 million recorded deaths worldwide as of May 2021. COVID-19 is known to be clinically heterogeneous, and whether the reported oral signs and symptoms in COVID-19 are related to the direct infection of oral tissues has remained unknown. Here, we review and summarize the evidence for the primary infection of the glands, oral mucosae, and saliva by SARS-CoV-2. Not only were the entry factors for SARS-CoV-2 found in all oral tissues, but these were also sites of SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication. Furthermore, saliva from asymptomatic individuals contained free virus and SARS-CoV-2-infected oral epithelial cells, both of which were found to transmit the virus. Collectively, these studies support an active role of the oral cavity in the spread and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition to maintaining the appropriate use of personal protective equipment and regimens to limit microbial spread via aerosol or droplet generation, the dental community will also be involved in co-managing COVID-19 “long haulers”—now termed Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome. Consequently, we propose that, as SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread and as new clinical challenges related to COVID-19 are documented, oral symptoms should be included in diagnostic and prognostic classifications as well as plans for multidisciplinary care.
A re-evaluation of scaling and root planing
Charles M. Cobb,John S. Sottosanti
doi : 10.1002/JPER.20-0839
Volume 92, Issue 10 p. 1370-1378
Extensive reviews on the role of scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of periodontitis have been previously published. This commentary will address the importance of subgingival calculus in the progression and treatment of periodontitis and addresses factors that make the execution of a “definitive” SRP a critical part of therapy.
Periodontal inflammation and distinct inflammatory profiles in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid compared with serum and joints in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Sheila L. Arvikar,Hatice Hasturk,Klemen Strle,Danielle Stephens,Marcy B. Bolster,Deborah S. Collier,Alpdogan Kantarci,Allen C. Steere
doi : 10.1002/JPER.20-0051
Volume 92, Issue 10 p. 1379-1391
The association of periodontitis and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is incompletely understood. To gain further insights, we evaluated periodontal status, oral, serum and joint inflammatory profiles, and Pg biomarkers in RA patients.
The association of mandibular third molar impaction with the dental and periodontal lesions in the adjacent second molars
Shanshan Tai,Yang Zhou,Janak L. Pathak,Zhengguo Piao,Libin Zhou
doi : 10.1002/JPER.20-0424
Volume 92, Issue 10 p. 1392-1401
It is a consensus that symptomatic impacted mandibular third molars (MTMs) need to be removed. Although the prophylactic extraction of asymptomatic impacted MTMs remains controversial. This study aims to investigate the effects of MTMs on themselves and adjacent teeth pathophysiology and provide the evidence for prophylactic extraction of impacted MTMs.
Association between intracranial carotid artery calcifications and periodontitis: A cone-beam computed tomography study
Abdulaziz AlSakr,Steven Blanchard,Phillip Wong,Thankam Thyvalikakath,Yusuke Hamada
doi : 10.1002/JPER.20-0607
Volume 92, Issue 10 p. 1402-1409
Intracranial carotid artery calcifications (ICACs) are one type of calcification that may be detected as incidental findings in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). This retrospective study aimed to examine the prevalence of ICACs on CBCT images and their associations among age, gender, chronic periodontitis, and patient-reported cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
Subgingival microbiota in overweight and obese young adults with no destructive periodontal disease
Danielle Rodrigues de Andrade,Paulo André Silva,Ana Paula V. Colombo,Carina Maciel Silva-Boghossian
doi : 10.1002/JPER.20-0187
Volume 92, Issue 10 p. 1410-1419
This study analyzed the levels of a specific group of periodontal health/disease-related oral bacteria in the subgingival biofilm of young adults with overweight (OW) and obesity (OB), and no destructive periodontal disease.
Metabolic syndrome and severe periodontitis were associated in Thai adults: A cross-sectional study
Winita Suwanprasit,Attawood Lertpimonchai,Lalitsara Thienpramuk,Prin Vathesatogkit,Piyamitr Sritara,Suphot Tamsailom
doi : 10.1002/JPER.20-0651
Volume 92, Issue 10 p. 1420-1429
Studies support the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and periodontitis. However, age is the major confounding factor for both conditions. Therefore, this cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the relationship between MetS and severe periodontitis in different Thai adult age groups.
Effect of individual and neighborhood social capital on gingival bleeding in children: A 7-year cohort study
Danielle Martins Ferreira,Jessica Klöckner Knorst,Gabriele Rissotto Menegazzo,Gabriela Bohrer Bolsson,Thiago Machado Ardenghi
doi : 10.1002/JPER.20-0010
Volume 92, Issue 10 p. 1430-1440
Social capital incorporates contextual and individual levels of interactions, which influence human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of individual and contextual social capital in early childhood on gingival bleeding in children after 7 years.
Palatal pre-suturing for perioperative hemostasis at free gingival graft donor sites: A randomized, controlled clinical trial
Mihir Raghavendra Kulkarni,Leena Gangadhar Shettar,Purva Vijay Bakshi,Kriti Nikhil
doi : 10.1002/JPER.20-0754
Volume 92, Issue 10 p. 1441-1447
The palatal suture has been well known in literature as a method for palatal hemostasis but has not been validated for its efficacy. The aim of this parallel-arm randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of palatal pre-suturing using the greater palatine compression suture (GPCS) in reducing the perioperative hemorrhage associated with the palatal free gingival graft (FGG) procedure.
BMP4 micro-immunotherapy increases collagen deposition and reduces PGE2 release in human gingival fibroblasts and increases tissue viability of engineered 3D gingiva under inflammatory conditions
Maria del Mar Ferrà-Cañellas,Marta Munar-Bestard,Laura Garcia-Sureda,Beatrice Lejeune,Joana Maria Ramis,Marta Monjo
doi : 10.1002/JPER.20-0552
Volume 92, Issue 10 p. 1448-1459
We aimed to evaluate the effect of low doses (LD) bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) and BMP4 micro-immunotherapy (MI) in two in vitro models of periodontal wound healing/regeneration.
Specific inhibition of IL-6 receptor attenuates inflammatory bone loss in experimental periodontitis
Gustavo H. Apolinário Vieira,Ana Carolina Aparecida Rivas,Karine Figueiredo Costa,Luis Fernando Ferreira Oliveira,Kleber Tanaka Suzuki,Michel Reis Messora,Milla Sprone Ricoldi,Adriana Luisa Gonçalves de Almeida,Mario Taba Jr
doi : 10.1002/JPER.20-0455
Volume 92, Issue 10 p. 1460-1469
Periodontal pathogenesis takes into consideration that disease results from a complex inflammatory immune response. Among the major cytokines related to periodontal damage, interleukin (IL)-6 enhances a cascade of tissue destruction. Tocilizumab (TCZ) is a humanized monoclonal anti-human IL-6 receptor that inhibits IL-6?mediated proinflammatory activity. This study aimed to elucidate whether TCZ inhibits the deleterious effect of ligature-induced periodontitis.
Chemerin/ChemR23 regulates cementoblast function and tooth resorption in mice via inflammatory factors
Yusi Ye,Lingli Fang,Jun Li,Hongyan Wu,Xi Tan,Hong Luo,Xi Li,Lan Huang
doi : 10.1002/JPER.20-0675
Volume 92, Issue 10 p. 1470-1482
Periodontitis and orthodontic treatment can lead to inflammatory root resorption (IRR) through an unclear mechanism. Chemerin, a novel chemoattractant protein, is closely associated with inflammation, affects osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation, and may play a role in IRR. We aimed to explore possible roles of the chemerin/ChemR23 interaction in cementoblast function and IRR and reveal a new IRR therapeutic target.
Senescent cells exacerbate chronic inflammation and contribute to periodontal disease progression in old mice
Ruben Aquino-Martinez,Brittany A. Eckhardt,Jennifer L. Rowsey,Daniel G. Fraser,Sundeep Khosla,Joshua N. Farr,David G. Monroe
doi : 10.1002/JPER.20-0529
Volume 92, Issue 10 p. 1483-1495
Coinciding with other chronic comorbidities, the prevalence of periodontal disease increases with aging. Mounting evidence has established that senescent cells accumulate at sites of age-related pathologies, where they promote “non-microbial” inflammation. We hypothesized that alveolar bone osteocytes develop senescence characteristics in old age.
AAP President's Address*
Bryan J. Frantz
doi : 10.1002/JPER.21-0516
Volume 92, Issue 10 p. 1496-1498
