New England Journal of Medicine

Lesley A. Inker, M.D., Nwamaka D. Eneanya, M.D., M.P.H., Josef Coresh, M.D., Ph.D., Hocine Tighiouart, M.S., Dan Wang, M.S., Yingying Sang, M.S., Deidra C. Crews, M.D., Alessandro Doria, M.D., Ph.D., M.P.H., Michelle M. Estrella, M.D., M.H.S., Marc Froissart, M.D., Ph.D., Morgan E. Grams, M.D., M.H.S., Ph.D., Tom Greene, Ph.D., Anders Grubb, M.D., Ph.D., Vilmundur Gudnason, M.D., Ph.D., Orlando M. Gutiérrez, M.D., Roberto Kalil, M.D., Amy B. Karger, M.D., Ph.D., Michael Mauer, M.D., Gerjan Navis, M.D., Ph.D., Robert G. Nelson, M.D., Ph.D., Emilio D. Poggio, M.D., Roger Rodby, M.D., Peter Rossing, M.D., D.M.Sc., Andrew D. Rule, M.D., Elizabeth Selvin, Ph.D., M.P.H., Jesse C. Seegmiller, Ph.D., Michael G. Shlipak, M.D., M.P.H., Vicente E. Torres, M.D., Ph.D., Wei Yang, Ph.D., Shoshana H. Ballew, Ph.D., Sara J. Couture, M.P.H., Neil R. Powe, M.D., M.P.H., M.B.A., and Andrew S. Levey, M.D. for the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration*

doi : 10.1056/NEJMoa2102953

N Engl J Med 2021; 385:1737-1749

Current equations for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) that use serum creatinine or cystatin C incorporate age, sex, and race to estimate measured GFR. However, race in eGFR equations is a social and not a biologic construct.

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Race, Genetic Ancestry, and Estimating Kidney Function in CKD

Chi-yuan Hsu, M.D., Wei Yang, Ph.D., Rishi V. Parikh, M.P.H., Amanda H. Anderson, Ph.D., Teresa K. Chen, M.D., Debbie L. Cohen, M.D., Jiang He, M.D., Ph.D., Madhumita J. Mohanty, M.D., James P. Lash, M.D., Katherine T. Mills, Ph.D., Anthony N. Muiru, M.D., Afshin Parsa, M.D., M.P.H., Milda R. Saunders, M.D., M.P.H., Tariq Shafi, M.B., B.S., Raymond R. Townsend, M.D., Sushrut S. Waikar, M.D., M.P.H., Jianqiao Wang, M.S., Myles Wolf, M.D., Thida C. Tan, M.P.H., Harold I. Feldman, M.D., and Alan S. Go, M.D. for the CRIC Study Investigators*

doi : 10.1056/NEJMoa2103753

N Engl J Med 2021; 385:1750-1760

The inclusion of race in equations to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has become controversial. Alternative equations that can be used to achieve similar accuracy without the use of race are needed.

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Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine through 6 Months

Stephen J. Thomas, M.D., Edson D. Moreira, Jr., M.D., Nicholas Kitchin, M.D., Judith Absalon, M.D., Alejandra Gurtman, M.D., Stephen Lockhart, D.M., John L. Perez, M.D., Gonzalo Pérez Marc, M.D., Fernando P. Polack, M.D., Cristiano Zerbini, M.D., Ruth Bailey, B.Sc., Kena A. Swanson, Ph.D., Xia Xu, Ph.D., Satrajit Roychoudhury, Ph.D., Kenneth Koury, Ph.D., Salim Bouguermouh, M.D., Ph.D., Warren V. Kalina, Ph.D., David Cooper, Ph.D., Robert W. Frenck, Jr., M.D., Laura L. Hammitt, M.D., Özlem Türeci, M.D., Haylene Nell, M.D., Axel Schaefer, M.D., Serhat Ünal, M.D., Qi Yang, Ph.D., Paul Liberator, Ph.D., Dina B. Tresnan, D.V.M., Ph.D., Susan Mather, M.D., Philip R. Dormitzer, M.D., Ph.D., U?ur ?ahin, M.D., William C. Gruber, M.D., and Kathrin U. Jansen, Ph.D. for the C4591001 Clinical Trial Group*

doi : 10.1056/NEJMoa2110345

N Engl J Med 2021; 385:1761-1773

BNT162b2 is a lipid nanoparticle–formulated, nucleoside-modified RNA vaccine encoding a prefusion-stabilized, membrane-anchored severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) full-length spike protein. BNT162b2 is highly efficacious against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) and is currently approved, conditionally approved, or authorized for emergency use worldwide. At the time of initial authorization, data beyond 2 months after vaccination were unavailable.

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Efficacy of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine at Completion of Blinded Phase

Hana M. El Sahly, M.D., Lindsey R. Baden, M.D., Brandon Essink, M.D., Susanne Doblecki-Lewis, M.D., Judith M. Martin, M.D., Evan J. Anderson, M.D., Thomas B. Campbell, M.D., Jesse Clark, M.D., Lisa A. Jackson, M.D., Carl J. Fichtenbaum, M.D., Marcus Zervos, M.D., Bruce Rankin, D.O., Frank Eder, M.D., Gregory Feldman, M.D., Christina Kennelly, M.D., Laurie Han-Conrad, M.D., Michael Levin, M.D., Kathleen M. Neuzil, M.D., Lawrence Corey, M.D., Peter Gilbert, Ph.D., Holly Janes, Ph.D., Dean Follmann, Ph.D., Mary Marovich, M.D., Laura Polakowski, M.D., John R. Mascola, M.D., Julie E. Ledgerwood, D.O., Barney S. Graham, M.D., Allison August, M.D., Heather Clouting, M.Sc., Weiping Deng, Ph.D., Shu Han, Ph.D., Brett Leav, M.D., Deb Manzo, M.Sc., Rolando Pajon, Ph.D., Florian Schödel, M.D., Ph.D., Joanne E. Tomassini, Ph.D., Honghong Zhou, Ph.D., and Jacqueline Miller, M.D. for the COVE Study Group*

doi : 10.1056/NEJMoa2113017

N Engl J Med 2021; 385:1774-1785

At interim analysis in a phase 3, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial, the mRNA-1273 vaccine showed 94.1% efficacy in preventing coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). After emergency use of the vaccine was authorized, the protocol was amended to include an open-label phase. Final analyses of efficacy and safety data from the blinded phase of the trial are reported.

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