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Micro/nanoencapsulation strategy to improve the efficiency of natural antimicrobials against Listeria monocytogenes in food products
Hamed Bagheri Darvish,Akbar Bahrami,Seid Mahdi Jafari &Leonard Williams
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1755950
Volume 61, Issue 8, Pages 1241-1259 | Published online: 23 Apr 2020
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), the etiological agent of listeriosis diseases in humans, is a serious pathogenic microorganism threatening the food safety especially in ready-to-eat food products. Adhesion on both biotic and abiotic surfaces is making it a potential source of contamination by Lm. Also, this bacterium has become more tolerant in food processing conditions, including in the presence of adverse conditions such as cold and dehydration. One of the attractive and effective methods to inhibit the growth of Lm in the food products is using natural antimicrobial agents, which can be a suitable alternative to synthetic preservatives for producing organic food products. The use of pure natural antimicrobials has some limitations including low stability against harsh conditions, low solubility and absorption, and un-controlled release, which can decrease their functions. These limitations have been overcome by using new advanced encapsulation techniques, which have boosted the anti-listerial activity of natural agents. Therefore, the current paper is aiming to review the results of recent studies conducted on using natural antimicrobials added directly or as encapsulated forms into the food formulation to control the growth of Lm. The information of current study can be used by the researchers as well as the food companies for the optimization of food formulations through encapsulation strategies to control Lm and potentially produce safe foods for the consumers.
Ten years post-GAO assessment, FDA remains uninformed of potentially harmful GRAS substances in foods
Cameron Faustman,Daniel Aaron,Nicole Negowetti &Emily Broad Leib
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1756217
Volume 61, Issue 8, Pages 1260-1268 | Published online: 27 Apr 2020
It has been approximately 10?years since the Government Accountability Office (GAO) published its report to Congress entitled, FDA Should Strengthen Its Oversight of Food Ingredients Determined to be Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS), which strongly criticized FDA noting that its “oversight process does not help ensure the safety of all new GRAS determinations.” Congress requested GAO to undertake this audit as a result of concerns that GRAS substances added to foods did not require FDA approval. Since 2010, FDA has addressed only a few of the criticisms regarding its process for establishing a food substance as GRAS. However, several of the most important GAO recommendations remain unaddressed, and most critically, FDA has chosen to remain uninformed about food substances self-determined as GRAS by manufacturers. In its 2016 final rule Substances Generally Recognized as Safe, FDA did not take the opportunity to include a provision for creation of a master list of all GRAS chemicals used in food, nor did the FDA request the authority to do so from Congress. FDA cannot fulfill its statutory obligation for ensuring the chemical safety of the U.S. food supply if it does not know which substances, in which quantities, have been added to foods.
Status of the regulatory environment for utilization of insects as food and feed in Sub-Saharan Africa-a review
D. Nakimbugwe,G. SsepuuyaORCID Icon,D. Male,V. Lutwama,I. M. Mukisa &K. K. M. Fiaboe
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1756738
Volume 61, Issue 8, Pages 1269-1278 | Published online: 02 May 2020
A conducive regulatory environment is crucial for ensuring the safety and effective promotion of insects for direct and indirect human consumption. In this review, national and regional policies, regulations, and relevant publications in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) were examined for their take on the use of insects as food and feed. Majority of the SSA countries (91.7%) lacked food safety policies, and of the four countries (8.3%) that had, only one considered the ‘risk-based approach’ for assessing food safety. Two policies, one in Malawi and the other in Tanzania respectively, recognized insects’ use. The lack of regulatory frameworks in most SSA countries is partly attributed to inadequate scientific data regarding insects’ biological, chemical and physical safety. This potentially exposes consumers to health hazards and limits income from insect and insect-based food and feed operations. However, some information and/or data to inform policy, and in a few cases to develop standards, has been generated by several research and development projects in the region. The need for supportive regulations toward the use of insects has been recognized and is being acted upon in a number of SSA countries. For effective promotion of insects as food and feed in SSA, countries need to generate risk assessment data as recommended by Codex Alimentarius and develop and implement relevant standards.
Freshness monitoring technology of fish products in intelligent packaging
Dan Wu,Min Zhang,Huizhi Chen &Bhesh Bhandari
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1757615
Volume 61, Issue 8, Pages 1279-1292 | Published online: 28 Apr 2020
Fish products are one of the preferred products in modern healthy diets, because they contain unqualified proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids and a variety of vitamins and minerals. However, because of their vulnerability to deterioration, methods to maintain their freshness have attracted wide attention. Intelligent packaging can effectively monitor the quality and safety of fish products, provide warning, and has a great market and development potential. Therefore, this paper reviews the research progress of intelligent packaging technology used to monitor the freshness of fish products. The quality attributes of freshness of fish products are summarized. The classification, principle and latest application progress of three advanced technologies, indicator, sensor and radio frequency identification (RFID), are summarized. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of the intelligent packaging technology for monitoring the freshness of products are discussed, and the current research results are summarized and prospected.
Impact of intermittent energy restriction on anthropometric outcomes and intermediate disease markers in patients with overweight and obesity: systematic review and meta-analyses
Lukas Schwingshackl,Jasmin Zähringer,Kai Nitschke,Gabriel Torbahn,Szimonetta Lohner,Tilman Kühn,Luigi Fontana,Nicola Veronese,Christine Schmucker &Joerg J Meerpohl show less
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1757616
Volume 61, Issue 8, Pages 1293-1304 | Published online: 02 May 2020
This systematic review aims to investigate the effects of intermittent energy restriction (IER) on anthropometric outcomes and intermediate disease markers. A systematic literature search was conducted in three electronic databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included if the intervention lasted ?12?weeks and IER was compared with either continuous energy restriction (CER) or a usual diet. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed for eight outcomes. Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE. Seventeen RCTs with 1328 participants were included. IER in comparison to a usual diet may reduce body weight (mean difference [MD]: ?4.83?kg, 95%-CI: ?5.46, ?4.21; n?=?6 RCTs), waist circumference (MD: ?1.73?cm, 95%-CI: ?3.69, 0.24; n?=?2), fat mass (MD: ?2.54?kg, 95%-CI: ?3.78, ?1.31; n?=?6), triacylglycerols (MD: ?0.20?mmol/L, 95%-CI: ?0.38, ?0.03; n?=?5) and systolic blood pressure (MD: ?6.11?mmHg, 95%-CI: ?9.59, ?2.64; n?=?5). No effects were observed for LDL-cholesterol, fasting glucose, and glycosylated-hemoglobin. Both, IER and CER have similar effect on body weight (MD: ?0.55?kg, 95%-CI: ?1.01, ?0.09; n?=?13), and fat mass (MD: ?0.66?kg, 95%-CI: ?1.14, ?0.19; n?=?10), and all other outcomes. In conclusion, IER improves anthropometric outcomes and intermediate disease markers when compared to a usual diet. The effects of IER on weight loss are similar to weight loss achieved by CER.
Fruit seeds and their oils as promising sources of value-added lipids from agro-industrial byproducts: oil content, lipid composition, lipid analysis, biological activity and potential biotechnological applications
Eliana AlvesORCID Icon,Abigail SimoesORCID Icon &M. Rosário DominguesORCID Icon
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1757617
Volume 61, Issue 8, Pages 1305-1339 | Published online: 12 May 2020
Thousands of tons of fruit seeds are discarded every year worldwide as agro-industrial byproducts. Fruit seeds have a high oil content, are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (FA) and in n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated essential FA. Sterols, phospholipids, glycolipids, carotenoids, tocopherols and polyphenols are other seed phytochemicals that make them interesting from a commercial viewpoint. Fruit seeds have high potential as raw material for several industries, but their lipid profile remains poorly studied. Current analytical approaches for the analysis of lipids that are based on high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry allow the separation and analysis of compounds with the accurate identification and structural characterization of molecular species in very small quantities. Even though lipidomic analysis of fruit seeds’ lipids is still in its infancy, it will bring a new look over these value-added byproducts. This review covers the following topics: (a) the lipid content of various fruit seed oils; (b) their lipid composition (FA, triacylglycerol, sterol, phospholipid and glycolipid profiles), (c) current and future analytical methodologies for the analysis of lipids in fruit seeds; (d) biological activities of fruit seeds’ extracts; and (e) potential biotechnological applications of fruit seed oils for their commercial valorization based on lipids.
Selenium in plant foods: speciation analysis, bioavailability, and factors affecting composition
Krystyna Pyrzynska &Aleksandra Sentkowska
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1758027
Volume 61, Issue 8, Pages 1340-1352 | Published online: 02 May 2020
Interest in selenium has been increasing over the past few decades with growing knowledge of its importance to overall health. The ability of several plants to accumulate and transform inorganic selenium forms into its bioactive organic compounds has important implications for human nutrition and health. In this review, we present the studies carried out during the last decade to characterize selenium species produced by different plant foods. Attention is also paid to the effect of selenium treatment on chemical composition and antioxidant properties of plants.
Traditional Mexican foods as functional agents in the treatment of cardiometabolic risk factors
Fabiola Escalante-AraizaORCID Icon &Gabriela Gutiérrez-SalmeánORCID Icon
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1758028
Volume 61, Issue 8, Pages 1353-1364 | Published online: 27 Apr 2020
Major cardiometabolic risk phenotypes include insulin resistance (IR), hyperinsulinemia, overweight, obesity and dyslipidemia, which contribute to the current prevalent chronic disease pandemia worldwide. Among traditional treatments, dietary habits represent one of the most difficult and controversial aspects to implement in handling metabolic disturbances. The use of herbal remedies by latinos and hispanics, as part of self-care of metabolic diseases has been well documented in several studies, mainly because they are “natural”, consistent with their culture, family-related, accessible, and affordable. Phytochemicals are present in fruits, vegetables and various plants, and constitute nonessential nutrients such as vitamins or minerals, many of them being consumed in a popular way or used as herbal remedies or dietary supplements. In this narrative review, we present evidence on traditional endemic Mexican foods such as cacao, corn, common bean, prickle pear, chili, avocado and salba-chia as functional agents to improve the metabolic status in risk phenotypes.
Disease managing capacities and mechanisms of host effects of lactic acid bacteria
Chengcheng Ren,Marijke M. Faas &Paul de Vos
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1758625
Volume 61, Issue 8, Pages 1365-1393 | Published online: 05 May 2020
Consumption of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been suggested to confer health-promoting effects on the host. However, effects of LABs have been reported to be species- and strain-specific and the mechanisms involved are subjects of discussion. Here, the possible mechanisms by which LABs induce antipathogenic, gut barrier enhancing and immune modulating effects in consumers are reviewed. Specific strains for which it has been proven that health is improved by these mechanisms are discussed. However, most strains probably act via several or combinations of mechanisms depending on which effector molecules they express. Current insight is that these effector molecules are either present on the cell wall of LAB or are excreted. These molecules are reviewed as well as the ligand binding receptors in the host. Also postbiotics are discussed. Finally, we provide an overview of the efficacy of LABs in combating infections caused by Helicobacter pylori, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and influenza virus, in controlling gut inflammatory diseases, in managing allergic disorders, and in alleviating cancer.
Phenolic lipids as unique bioactive compounds: a comprehensive review on their multifunctional activity toward the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease
Nasim Meshginfar,Hamed Tavakoli,Kelly Dornan &Farah Hosseinian
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1759024
Volume 61, Issue 8, Pages 1394-1403 | Published online: 02 May 2020
Phenolic lipids are multifunctional compounds which play an important biological role in the body. Their unique biologic functionality stems from their strong amphiphilic character which allows them to be incorporated in erythrocytes. Through membrane incorporation, these compounds exert their biological effects on neurons which are not modulated by hydrophilic compounds. These bioactive compounds are present in nature as secondary plant metabolites, and consequently their availability is limited, for dietary and medical purposes. In this review, the pathways and mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease will be described. In addition, the modulatory effects of phenolic lipids on these pathways and a list of several synthetic, semi synthetic and natural sources of phenolic lipids will be examined as having the potential to prevent or combat Alzheimer’s disease.
Lignanamides: sources, biosynthesis and potential health benefits – a minireview
William Leonard,Pangzhen ZhangORCID Icon,Danyang Ying &Zhongxiang FangORCID Icon
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1759025
Volume 61, Issue 8, Pages 1404-1414 | Published online: 05 May 2020
Lignanamides are natural plant secondary metabolites derived from oxidative coupling mechanism with hydroxycinnamic acid amides as intermediates. These compounds display powerful anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer and anti-hyperlipidemic capacities in vitro, cell culture and in vivo studies. With strong potential to be utilized as protective agents against human chronic diseases, these compounds have attracted the interest of researchers. This review aims to discuss current understanding on the sources, classification, biosynthesis of lignanamides in plants, and importantly their biological activity and potential health benefits. The general biosynthesis pathway for lignanamides is comprehensively summarized, though some details in molecular regulation of the coupling process have yet to be elucidated. Lignanamides deserves additional clinical studies involving animal and human subjects, to prove its health benefits.
