The Lancet

Viola Priesemann,Melanie M Brinkmann,Sandra Ciesek,Sarah Cuschieri,Thomas Czypionka,Giulia Giordano,Claudia Hanson,Niel Hens,Emil Iftekhar,Peter Klimek,Mirjam Kretzschmar,Andreas Peichl,Matja? Perc,Francesco Sannino,Eva Schernhammer,Alexander Schmidt,Anthony Staines,Ewa Szczurek

doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00462-1

CORRESPONDENCE| VOLUME 397, ISSUE 10284, P1541, APRIL 24, 2021

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COVID-19: from hospitals to courts

Nicola Magnavita,Francesco Chirico,Angelo Sacco

doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00472-4

CORRESPONDENCE| VOLUME 397, ISSUE 10284, P1542, APRIL 24, 2021

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COVID-19: from hospitals to courts – Author's reply

Michele Usuelli

doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00463-3

CORRESPONDENCE| VOLUME 397, ISSUE 10284, P1542, APRIL 24, 2021

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Tanzania's position on the COVID-19 pandemic

Sayoki G Mfinanga,Nicholaus P Mnyambwa,Daniel T Minja,Nyanda Elias Ntinginya,Esther Ngadaya,Julie Makani,Abel N Makubi

doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00678-4

CORRESPONDENCE| VOLUME 397, ISSUE 10284, P1542-1543, APRIL 24, 2021

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Global health and its discontents

Kumanan Rasanathan

doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00713-3

CORRESPONDENCE| VOLUME 397, ISSUE 10284, P1543-1544, APRIL 24, 2021

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Department of Error

doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00886-2

DEPARTMENT OF ERROR| VOLUME 397, ISSUE 10284, P1544, APRIL 24, 2021

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Vagus nerve stimulation paired with rehabilitation for upper limb motor function after ischaemic stroke (VNS-REHAB): a randomised, blinded, pivotal, device trial

Jesse Dawson,Charles Y Liu,Gerard E Francisco,Steven C Cramer,Steven L Wolf,Anand Dixit,Jen Alexander,Rushna Ali,Benjamin L Brown,Wuwei Feng,Louis DeMark,Leigh R Hochberg,Steven A Kautz,Arshad Majid,Michael W O'Dell,David Pierce,Cec?lia N Prudente,Jessica Redgrave,Duncan L Turner,Navzer D Engineer,Teresa J Kimberley

doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00475-X

ARTICLES| VOLUME 397, ISSUE 10284, P1545-1553, APRIL 24, 2021

Long-term loss of arm function after ischaemic stroke is common and might be improved by vagus nerve stimulation paired with rehabilitation. We aimed to determine whether this strategy is a safe and effective treatment for improving arm function after stroke.

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Intracytoplasmic sperm injection versus conventional in-vitro fertilisation in couples with infertility in whom the male partner has normal total sperm count and motility: an open-label, randomised controlled trial

Vinh Q Dang,Lan N Vuong,Tam M Luu,Toan D Pham,Tuong M Ho,Anh N Ha,Binh T Truong,Anh K Phan,Dung P Nguyen,Thanh N Pham,Quan T Pham,Rui Wang,Robert J Norman,Ben W Mol

doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00535-3

ARTICLES| VOLUME 397, ISSUE 10284, P1554-1563, APRIL 24, 2021

The use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection has increased substantially worldwide, primarily in couples with non-male factor infertility. However, there is a paucity of evidence from randomised trials supporting this approach compared with conventional in-vitro fertilisation (IVF). We aimed to investigate whether intracytoplasmic sperm injection would result in a higher livebirth rate compared with conventional IVF.

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IL17A/F nanobody sonelokimab in patients with plaque psoriasis: a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2b study

Kim A Papp,Mark A Weinberg,Alun Morris,Kristian Reich

doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00440-2

ARTICLES| VOLUME 397, ISSUE 10284, P1564-1575, APRIL 24, 2021

Sonelokimab (also known as M1095) is a novel trivalent nanobody comprised of monovalent camelid-derived (ie, from the Camelidae family of mammals, such as camels, llamas, and alpacas) nanobodies specific to human interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17F, and human serum albumin. Nanobodies are a novel class of proprietary therapeutic proteins based on single-domain, camelid, heavy-chain-only antibodies. We assessed the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of sonelokimab across four dosage regimens compared with placebo in patients with plaque-type psoriasis. Secukinumab served as an active control.

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Pericardial effusion, cardiomegaly, oedema, and IgA deficiency in a child: coeliac disease

Sascha Meyer,Nasenien Nourkami-Tutdibi,Martin Poryo,Markus Casper,Martina Geipel,Michael Zemlin

doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00631-0

CLINICAL PICTURE| VOLUME 397, ISSUE 10284, P1576, APRIL 24, 2021

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Alzheimer's disease

Philip Scheltens,Bart De Strooper,Miia Kivipelto,Henne Holstege,Gael Chételat,Charlotte E Teunissen,Jeffrey Cummings,Wiesje M van der Flier

doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32205-4

SEMINAR| VOLUME 397, ISSUE 10284, P1577-1590, APRIL 24, 2021

In this Seminar, we highlight the main developments in the field of Alzheimer's disease. The most recent data indicate that, by 2050, the prevalence of dementia will double in Europe and triple worldwide, and that estimate is 3 times higher when based on a biological (rather than clinical) definition of Alzheimer's disease. The earliest phase of Alzheimer's disease (cellular phase) happens in parallel with accumulating amyloid ?, inducing the spread of tau pathology. The risk of Alzheimer's disease is 60–80% dependent on heritable factors, with more than 40 Alzheimer's disease-associated genetic risk loci already identified, of which the APOE alleles have the strongest association with the disease. Novel biomarkers include PET scans and plasma assays for amyloid ? and phosphorylated tau, which show great promise for clinical and research use. Multidomain lifestyle-based prevention trials suggest cognitive benefits in participants with increased risk of dementia. Lifestyle factors do not directly affect Alzheimer's disease pathology, but can still contribute to a positive outcome in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Promising pharmacological treatments are poised at advanced stages of clinical trials and include anti-amyloid ?, anti-tau, and anti-inflammatory strategies.

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The escalating tuberculosis crisis in central and South American prisons

Katharine S Walter,Leonardo Martinez,Denise Arakaki-Sanchez,Victor G Sequera,G Estigarribia Sanabria,Ted Cohen,Albert I Ko,Alberto L Garc?a-Basteiro,Zulma Vanessa Rueda,Rafael A L?pez-Olarte,Marcos A Espinal,Julio Croda,Jason R Andrews

doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32578-2

HEALTH POLICY| VOLUME 397, ISSUE 10284, P1591-1596, APRIL 24, 2021

In the past decade, tuberculosis incidence has declined in much of the world, but has risen in central and South America. It is not yet clear what is driving this reversal of progress in tuberculosis control. Since 2000, the incarcerated population in central and South America has grown by 206%, the greatest increase in the world. Over the same period, notified tuberculosis cases among the incarcerated population (hereinafter termed persons deprived of their liberty [PDL], following the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights) have risen by 269%. In both central and South America, the rise of disease among PDL more than offsets tuberculosis control gains in the general population. Tuberculosis is increasingly concentrated among PDL; currently, 11% of all notified tuberculosis cases in central and South America occur among PDL who comprise less than 1% of the population. The extraordinarily high risk of acquiring tuberculosis within prisons creates a health and human rights crisis for PDL that also undermines wider tuberculosis control efforts. Controlling tuberculosis in this region will require countries to take urgent measures to prioritise the health of PDL.

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