Nicola Anderson, Derek Kyte, Christel McMullan, Paul Cockwell, Olalekan L. Aiyegbusi, Ravinder Verdi & Melanie J. CalvertA
Amy Qi & Michelle A. HladunewichA
Megan Sykes & David H. SachsA
doi : 10.1038/s41581-022-00624-6
A major limitation of organ allotransplantation is the insufficient supply of donor organs. Consequently, thousands of patients die every year while waiting for a transplant. Progress in xenotransplantation that has permitted pig organ graft survivals of years in non-human primates has led to renewed excitement about the potential of this approach to alleviate the organ shortage. In 2022, the first pig-to-human heart transplant was performed on a compassionate use basis, and xenotransplantation experiments using pig kidneys in deceased human recipients provided encouraging data.
Thimoteus Speer, Stefanie Dimmeler, Stefan J. Schunk, Danilo Fliser & Paul M RidkerA
doi : 10.1038/s41581-022-00621-9
Mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is largely a consequence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is a particular concern given the increasing prevalence of CKD. Sterile inflammation triggered by activation of the innate immune system is an important driver of both CKD and associated CVD. Several endogenous mediators, including lipoproteins, crystals such as silica, urate and cholesterol crystals, or compounds released from dying cells interact with pattern recognition receptors expressed on a variety of different cell types, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Aminu K. Bello, Ikechi G. Okpechi, Mohamed A. Osman, Yeoungjee Cho, Brett Cullis, Htay Htay, Vivekanand Jha, Muhammad A. Makusidi, Mignon McCulloch, Nikhil Shah, Marina Wainstein & David W. JohnsonA
doi : 10.1038/s41581-022-00623-7
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an important home-based treatment for kidney failure and accounts for 11% of all dialysis and 9% of all kidney replacement therapy globally. Although PD is available in 81% of countries, this provision ranges from 96% in high-income countries to 32% in low-income countries.
Ben Sprangers, David E. Leaf, Camillo Porta, Maria Jos?© Soler & Mark A. PerazellaA
doi : 10.1038/s41581-022-00630-8
Since their introduction into clinical practice a decade ago, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have had an overwhelming impact on cancer treatment.
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