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Bejel: Sometimes a Venereal Nonvenereal Treponematosis—and in Places You Might Not Expect
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac091
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages i–ii
Immunoguided Discontinuation of Prophylaxis for Cytomegalovirus Disease in Kidney Transplant Recipients Treated With Antithymocyte Globulin: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Aurora Páez-Vega, Belén Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, Maria L Agüera, Carme Facundo, Dolores Redondo-Pachón, Marta Suñer, Maria O López-Oliva, Jose R Yuste, Miguel Montejo, Cristina Galeano-Ã�lvarez, Juan C Ruiz-San Millan, Ibai Los-Arcos, Domingo Hernández, Mario Fernández-Ruiz, Patricia Muñoz, Jorge Valle-Arroyo, Angela Cano, Alberto RodrÃguez-Benot, Marta Crespo, Cristian Rodelo-Haad, MarÃa A Lobo-Acosta, Jose C Garrido-Gracia, Elisa Vidal, Luis Guirado, Sara Cantisán, Julian Torre-Cisneros, TIMOVAL Study Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab574
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 757–765
Antiviral prophylaxis is recommended in cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seropositive kidney transplant (KT) recipients receiving antithymocyte globulin (ATG) as induction. An alternative strategy of premature discontinuation of prophylaxis after CMV-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMV-CMI) recovery (immunoguided prevention) has not been studied. Our aim was to determine whether it is effective and safe to discontinue prophylaxis when CMV-CMI is detected and to continue with preemptive therapy.
The Effects of Malaria in Pregnancy on Neurocognitive Development in Children at 1 and 6 Years of Age in Benin: A Prospective Mother–Child Cohort
Amanda Garrison, Michael J Boivin, Nadine Fiévet, Roméo Zoumenou, Jules M Alao, Achille Massougbodji, Michel Cot, Florence Bodeau-Livinec
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab569
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 766–775
Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) contributes significantly to infant mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa and has consequences on survivors, such as preterm birth and low birth weight. However, its impact on long-term neurocognitive development in children remains unknown.
Bacterial and Viral Respiratory Tract Microbiota and Host Characteristics in Adults With Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Case-Control Study
Bastiaan W Haak, Xanthe Brands, Mark Davids, Hessel Peters-Sengers, Robert F J Kullberg, Robin van Houdt, Floor Hugenholtz, Daniël R Faber, Hans L Zaaijer, Brendon P Scicluna, Tom van der Poll, W Joost Wiersinga
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab568
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 776–784
Viruses and bacteria from the nasopharynx are capable of causing community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), which can be difficult to diagnose. We aimed to investigate whether shifts in the composition of these nasopharyngeal microbial communities can be used as diagnostic biomarkers for CAP in adults.
Comprehensive Evaluation of the Impact of Sociodemographic Inequalities on Adverse Outcomes and Excess Mortality During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in Mexico City
Neftali Eduardo Antonio-Villa, Luisa Fernandez-Chirino, Julio Pisanty-Alatorre, Javier Mancilla-Galindo, Ashuin Kammar-GarcÃa, Arsenio Vargas-Vázquez, Armando González-DÃaz, Carlos A FermÃn-MartÃnez, Alejandro Márquez-Salinas, Enrique C Guerra, Jessica Paola Bahena-López, Marco Villanueva-Reza, Jessica Márquez-Sánchez, Máximo Ernesto Jaramillo-Molina, Luis Miguel Gutiérrez-Robledo, Omar Yaxmehen Bello-Chavolla
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab577
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 785–792
The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Mexico City has been sharp, as several social inequalities at all levels coexist. Here we conducted an in-depth evaluation of the impact of individual and municipal-level social inequalities on the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico City.
Class-Specific Relationship Between Use of Immunosuppressants and Risk for Community-Acquired Clostridioides difficile Infection
Sanskriti Varma, William G Greendyke, Jianhua Li, Daniel E Freedberg
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab567
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 793–801
Immunosuppressant exposure is associated with risk for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). It is unknown whether this risk is shared equally across immunosuppressant classes.
The Landscape of Candidemia During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic
Emma E Seagle, Brendan R Jackson, Shawn R Lockhart, Ourania Georgacopoulos, Natalie S Nunnally, Jeremy Roland, Devra M Barter, Helen L Johnston, Christopher A Czaja, Hazal Kayalioglu, Paula Clogher, Andrew Revis, Monica M Farley, Lee H Harrison, Sarah Shrum Davis, Erin C Phipps, Brenda L Tesini, William Schaffner, Tiffanie M Markus, Meghan M Lyman
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab562
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 802–811
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented healthcare challenges, and COVID-19 has been linked to secondary infections. Candidemia, a fungal healthcare-associated infection, has been described in patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19. However, studies of candidemia and COVID-19 coinfection have been limited in sample size and geographic scope. We assessed differences in patients with candidemia with and without a COVID-19 diagnosis.
Candidemia and Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019: Which Risk Factors Are Modifiable?
Todd McCarty
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab635
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 812–813
Epidemiology of Cervical Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma Among Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Compared With the General Population in the United States
Anne F Rositch, Kimberly Levinson, Gita Suneja, Analise Monterosso, Maria J Schymura, Timothy S McNeel, Marie-Josephe Horner, Eric Engels, Meredith S Shiels
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab561
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 814–820
Although cervical cancer risk overall is elevated among women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; WLH), it is unclear whether risks are similarly elevated across histologic subtypes.
Post-Vaccination Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infections and Incidence of the Presumptive B.1.427/B.1.429 Variant Among Healthcare Personnel at a Northern California Academic Medical Center
Karen B Jacobson, Benjamin A Pinsky, Maria E Montez Rath, Hannah Wang, Jacob A Miller, Mehdi Skhiri, John Shepard, Roshni Mathew, Grace Lee, Bryan Bohman, Julie Parsonnet, Marisa Holubar
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab554
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 821–828
Although mRNA-based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines report >90% efficacy, breakthrough infections occur. Little is known about their effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the highly prevalent B.1.427/B.1.429 variant.
Genomic Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Congregate Healthcare Facilities in Santa Clara County, California
Tara MacCannell, Joshua Batson, Brandon Bonin, K C Astha, Rebecca Quenelle, Betsy Strong, Wen Lin, Sarah L Rudman, David Dynerman, Patrick Ayscue, George Han, Amy Kistler, Margarita Elsa Villarino
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab553
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 829–835
Outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) cause significant morbidity and mortality. Mapping viral transmission within and between facilities by combining genomic sequencing with epidemiologic investigations enables targeting infection-control interventions.
Maternal Age at First Childbirth and Geographical Variation in Hepatitis B Virus Prevalence in Cameroon: Important Role of Mother-to-Child Transmission
Jude Moutchia, Richard Njouom, Eva Rumpler, Camille Besombes, Gaëtan Texier, Mathurin Tejiokem, Pascal Crépey, Arnaud Fontanet, Yusuke Shimakawa
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab548
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 836–845
The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection varies geographically around the world. Yet, its underlying mechanisms are unknown. Using a nationally representative population-based sample from all 58 administrative divisions in Cameroon, we examined the association between median maternal age at first childbirth in a preceding generation, a proxy for the frequency of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HBV in a region, and the risk of chronic HBV infection, defined as positive surface antigen (HBsAg), in the index generation.
Routinized Syphilis Screening Among Men Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Stepped Wedge Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Ann N Burchell, Darrell H S Tan, Ramandip Grewal, Paul A MacPherson, Sharon Walmsley, Anita Rachlis, Nisha Andany, Sharmistha Mishra, Sandra L Gardner, Janet Raboud, David Fisman, Curtis Cooper, Kevin Gough, John Maxwell, Sean B Rourke, Rodney Rousseau, Tony Mazzulli, Irving E Salit, Vanessa G Allen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab582
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 846–853
We implemented an opt-out clinic-based intervention pairing syphilis tests with routine human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load testing. The primary objective was to determine the degree to which this intervention increased the detection of early syphilis.
Better Evidence for Programmatic Approaches to Routine Syphilis Testing Among Men Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Does a Stepped Wedge Trial Provide the Answer?
Jennifer A Thompson, Suzanna C Francis
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab585
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 854–856
Adipokines, Weight Gain and Metabolic and Inflammatory Markers After Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation: AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) A5260s
John R Koethe, Carlee Moser, Todd T Brown, James H Stein, Theodoros Kelesidis, Michael Dube, Judith Currier, Grace A McComsey
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab542
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 857–864
The adipokines leptin and adiponectin, produced primarily by adipose tissue, have diverse endocrine and immunologic effects, and circulating levels reflect adipocyte lipid content, local inflammation, and tissue composition.
Time to Viral Rebound After Interruption of Modern Antiretroviral Therapies
Jonathan Z Li, Evgenia Aga, Ronald J Bosch, Mark Pilkinton, Eugène Kroon, Lynsay MacLaren, Michael Keefer, Lawrence Fox, Liz Barr, Edward Acosta, Jintanat Ananworanich, Robert Coombs, John W Mellors, Alan L Landay, Bernard Macatangay, Steven Deeks, Rajesh T Gandhi, Davey M Smith
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab541
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 865–870
Development of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remission strategies requires precise information on time to HIV rebound after treatment interruption, but there is uncertainty regarding whether modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens and timing of ART initiation may affect this outcome.
Use of US Blood Donors for National Serosurveillance of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibodies: Basis for an Expanded National Donor Serosurveillance Program
Mars Stone, Clara Di Germanio, David J Wright, Hasan Sulaeman, Honey Dave, Rebecca V Fink, Edward P Notari, Valerie Green, Donna Strauss, Debbie Kessler, Mark Destree, Paula Saa, Phillip C Williamson, Graham Simmons, Susan L Stramer, Jean Opsomer, Jefferson M Jones, Steven Kleinman, Michael P Busch, NHLBI Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study-IV-Pediatric (REDS-IV-P)
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab537
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 871–881
The Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study-IV-Pediatric (REDS-IV-P) Epidemiology, Surveillance and Preparedness of the Novel SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic (RESPONSE) seroprevalence study conducted monthly cross-sectional testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies in blood donors in 6 US metropolitan regions to estimate the extent of SARS-CoV-2 infections over time.
High Prevalence of Anti–Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (Anti–SARS-CoV-2) Antibodies After the First Wave of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Results of a Cross-sectional Household-Based Survey
Antoine N Nkuba, Sheila M Makiala, Emilande Guichet, Paul M Tshiminyi, Yannick M Bazitama, Marc K Yambayamba, Benito M Kazenza, Trésor M Kabeya, Elysee B Matungulu, Lionel K Baketana, Naomi M Mitongo, Guillaume Thaurignac, Fabian H Leendertz, Veerle Vanlerberghe, Raphaël Pelloquin, Jean-François Etard, David Maman, Placide K Mbala, Ahidjo Ayouba, Martine Peeters, Jean-Jacques T Muyembe, Eric Delaporte, Steve M Ahuka
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab515
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 882–890
In October 2020, after the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), only 8290 confirmed cases were reported in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, but the real prevalence remains unknown. To guide public health policies, we aimed to describe the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in the general population in Kinshasa.
Extensive Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Transmission Associated With Low Mortality in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo: For How Long?
Robert L Colebunders, Chris Kenyon
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab593
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 891–892
Risk of Symptomatic Infection During a Second Coronavirus Disease 2019 Wave in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2–Seropositive Individuals
Mattia Manica, Serena Pancheri, Piero Poletti, Giulia Giovanazzi, Giorgio Guzzetta, Filippo Trentini, Valentina Marziano, Marco Ajelli, Maria Grazia Zuccali, Pier Paolo Benetollo, Stefano Merler, Antonio Ferro
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab556
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 893–896
We analyzed 221 coronavirus disease 2019 cases identified between June 2020 and January 2021 in 6074 individuals screened for immunoglobulin G antibodies in May 2020, representing 77% of residents of 5 Italian municipalities. The relative risk of developing symptomatic infection in seropositive participants was 0.055 (95% confidence interval, .014–.220).
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA Vaccine-Breakthrough Infection Phenotype Includes Significant Symptoms, Live Virus Shedding, and Viral Genetic Diversity
Simon D Pollett, Stephanie A Richard, Anthony C Fries, Mark P Simons, Katrin Mende, Tahaniyat Lalani, Tida Lee, Sharon Chi, Rupal Mody, Cristian Madar, Anuradha Ganesan, Derek T Larson, Christopher J Colombo, Rhonda Colombo, Emily C Samuels, Christopher C Broder, Eric D Laing, Darci R Smith, David Tribble, Brian K Agan, Timothy H Burgess
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab543
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 897–900
Little is known about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 “vaccine-breakthrough� infections (VBIs). Here we characterize 24 VBIs in predominantly young healthy persons. While none required hospitalization, a proportion endorsed severe symptoms and shed live virus as high as 4.13 × 103 plaque-forming units/mL. Infecting genotypes included both variant-of-concern (VOC) and non-VOC strains.
Reporting of Infectious Diseases in the United States During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic
Matthew A Crane, Aleksandra Popovic, Rohan Panaparambil, Andrew I Stolbach, John A Romley, Khalil G Ghanem
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab529
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 901–904
Reporting of infectious diseases other than COVID-19 has been greatly decreased throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. We find this decrease varies by routes of transmission, reporting state, and COVID-19 incidence at the time of reporting. These results underscore the need for continual investment in routine surveillance efforts despite pandemic conditions.
Rapid Development of Cefiderocol Resistance in Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae During Therapy Is Associated With Heterogeneous Mutations in the Catecholate Siderophore Receptor cirA
Sabrina Klein, Sébastien Boutin, Kaan Kocer, Mascha O Fiedler, Dominic Störzinger, Markus A Weigand, Benjamin Tan, Daniel Richter, Christian Rupp, Markus Mieth, Arianeb Mehrabi, Thilo Hackert, Stefan Zimmermann, Klaus Heeg, Dennis Nurjadi
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab511
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 905–908
We report a case of resistance development toward cefiderocol in a patient with intra-abdominal and bloodstream infections caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacter cloacae within 21 days of cefiderocol therapy. Whole genome sequencing revealed heterogeneous mutations in the cirA gene, encoding a catecholate siderophore receptor, conferring phenotypic resistance to cefiderocol.
Emergence of the E484K Mutation in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Lineage B.1.1.345 in Upstate New York
Emil Lesho, Brendan Corey, Francois Lebreton, Ana C Ong, Brett E Swierczewski, Jason W Bennett, Edward E Walsh, Patrick McGann
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab507
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 909–912
A severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B.1.1.345 variant carrying the E484K mutation was detected in 4 patients with no apparent epidemiological association from a hospital network in upstate New York. Subsequent analysis identified an additional 11 B.1.1.345 variants from this region between December 2020 and February 2021.
Improving Pandemic Response: Employing Mathematical Modeling to Confront Coronavirus Disease 2019
Matthew Biggerstaff, Rachel B Slayton, Michael A Johansson, Jay C Butler
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab673
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 913–917,
Modeling complements surveillance data to inform coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health decision making and policy development. This includes the use of modeling to improve situational awareness, assess epidemiological characteristics, and inform the evidence base for prevention strategies.
Donor-derived Ehrlichiosis: 2 Clusters Following Solid Organ Transplantation
Aditi Saha, Charles Browning, Raja Dandamudi, Kevin Barton, Kevin Graepel, Madeline Cullity, Wala Abusalah, Du Christine, Carla Rossi, Naomi Drexler, Sridhar V Basavaraju, Pallavi Annambhotia, Rodrigo Vazquez Guillamet, Albert J Eid, Joseph Maliakkal, Aaron Miller, Christopher Hugge, Vikas R Dharnidharka, Praveen Kandula, Michael J Moritz
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab667
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 918–923
Ehrlichiosis has been infrequently described as transmissible through organ transplantation. Two donor-derived clusters of ehrlichiosis are described here.
Progress Report: Next-Generation Sequencing, Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction, and Broad-Range Molecular Assays as Diagnostic Tools for Fever of Unknown Origin Investigations in Adults
William F Wright, Patricia J Simner, Karen C Carroll, Paul G Auwaerter
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab155
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 924–932
Even well into the 21st century, infectious diseases still account for most causes of fever of unknown origin (FUO). Advances in molecular technologies, including broad-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene followed by Sanger sequencing, multiplex PCR assays, and more recently, next-generation sequencing applications, have transitioned from research methods to more commonplace in some clinical microbiology laboratories.
A Healthy Adult With Tibial Swelling and Pain
Gerald A Capraro, William A Ahrens, Kiran Gajurel
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab599
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 933–937
Atypical Severe Organizing Pneumonia Following Coronavirus Disease 2019 in an Immunocompromised Teenager
Harriet Corvol, Aurelia Alimi, Blandine Prevost, Aurélie Schnuriger, Hubert Ducou Le Pointe, Jérome Rambaud, Marie-Dominique Tabone
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab657
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 938–939
Sequential Dengue and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Case of Viral Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde?
Jaime R Torres
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab620
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Page 940
Reply to Author
Marcelo U Ferreira, Vanessa C Nicolete, Marcia C Castro
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab621
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 940–941
Why 2 Studies That Used the Same Probiotic May Have Come Up With Different Outcomes
Lynne V McFarland, Ravina Kullar, Pierre-Jean Maziade, Ellie J C Goldstein
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab618
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 941–942
Reply to McFarland et al
Emily Heil, Anthony Harris, Surbhi Leekha
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab619
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 942–943
Potential Role of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in the Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Disease
Alexander L Chu, Megan B Murray, Chuan-Chin Huang
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab590
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 943–944,
Reply to Chu et al
Bin Zhang, Moises A Huaman, Carl J Fichtenbaum, Chris T Longenecker
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab592
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 March 2022, Pages 944–945
