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In the Literature
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac194
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages i–ii
We Didn’t Start the Fire
Robert T Schooley
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac269
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages 2087–2088
Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidance on the Treatment of AmpC β-Lactamase–Producing Enterobacterales, Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Infections
Pranita D Tamma, Samuel L Aitken, Robert A Bonomo, Amy J Mathers, David van Duin, Cornelius J Clancy
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab1013
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages 2089–2114
The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) is committed to providing up-to-date guidance on the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant infections. A previous guidance document focused on infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR-P. aeruginosa).
Pooling Sputum Samples for Efficient Mass Tuberculosis Screening in Prisons
Paulo César Pereira dos Santos, Andrea da Silva Santos, Roberto Dias de Oliveira, Bruna Oliveira da Silva, Thiego Ramon Soares, Leonardo Martinez, Renu Verma, Jason R Andrews, Julio Croda
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab847
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages 2115–2121
Although systematic tuberculosis screening in high-risk groups is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), implementation in prisons has been limited due to resource constraints. Whether Xpert Ultra sputum pooling could be a sensitive and efficient approach to mass screening in prisons is unknown.
High Incidence of Asymptomatic Phase I IgG Seroconversion After an Acute Q Fever Episode: Implications for Chronic Q Fever Diagnosis
Miguel RodrÃguez-Fernández, Reinaldo EspÃndola Gómez, Marta Trigo-RodrÃguez, Carmen Castro, Pedro MartÃnez Pérez-Crespo, RocÃo Herrero, Eva M León, Samuel Bernal, Juan E Corzo, Nicolás Merchante
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab843
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages 2122–2128
The aim of this study was to describe the natural history of acute Q fever, including its clinical and serological evolution and progression to chronic Q fever.
Phase 2 Randomized Study of Oral Ibrexafungerp Versus Fluconazole in Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
Paul Nyirjesy, Jane R Schwebke, David A Angulo, Itzel A Harriott, Nkechi E Azie, Jack D Sobel
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab841
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages 2129–2135
Vulvovaginal candidiasis affects approximately 75% of women in their lifetime. Approved treatment options are limited to oral or topical azoles. Ibrexafungerp, a novel, first-in-class oral triterpenoid glucan synthase inhibitor, has demonstrated broad fungicidal Candida activity and a favorable tolerability profile. The primary objective of this dose-finding study was to identify the optimal dose of oral ibrexafungerp in patients with acute vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Cepheid 3-gene Host Response Fingerstick Blood Test in a Prospective, Multi-site Study: Interim Results
Jayne S Sutherland, Gian van der Spuy, Awa Gindeh, Nguyen Thuy Thuong Thuong, AnnRitah Namuganga, Olumuyiwa Owolabi, Harriet Mayanja-Kizza, Mary Nsereko, Guy Thwaites, Jill Winter, Hazel M Dockrell, Thomas J Scriba, Annemieke Geluk, Paul Corstjens, Kim Stanley, Tracy Richardson, Jane A Shaw, Bronwyn Smith, Stephanus T Malherbe, Gerhard Walzl, TrENDx-TB Consortium
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab839
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages 2136–2141
The development of a fast and accurate, non-sputum-based point-of-care triage test for tuberculosis (TB) would have a major impact on combating the TB burden worldwide. A new fingerstick blood test has been developed by Cepheid (the Xpert MTB Host Response [MTB-HR] prototype), which generates a “TB score� based on messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of 3 genes. Here we describe the first prospective findings of the MTB-HR prototype.
Ultrasensitive and Quantitative Toxin Measurement Correlates With Baseline Severity, Severe Outcomes, and Recurrence Among Hospitalized Patients With Clostridioides difficile Infection
Carolyn D Alonso, Ciarán P Kelly, Kevin W Garey, Anne J Gonzales-Luna, David Williams, Kaitlyn Daugherty, Christine Cuddemi, Javier Villafuerte-Gálvez, Nicole C White, Xinhua Chen, Hua Xu, Rebecca Sprague, Caitlin Barrett, Mark Miller, Agnès Foussadier, Aude Lantz, Alice Banz, Nira R Pollock
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab826
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages 2142–2149
Stool toxin concentrations may impact Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) severity and outcomes. We correlated fecal C difficile toxin concentrations, measured by an ultrasensitive and quantitative assay, with CDI baseline severity, attributable outcomes, and recurrence.
Is the Ultrasensitive Toxin Immunoassay the Solution to the Goldilocks Problem of Clostridioides difficile Diagnostics?
Colleen Kraft, Nirja Mehta
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab833
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages 2150–2151
Oral Fluoroquinolone Use and the Risk of Acute Liver Injury: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Olof Nibell, Henrik Svanström, Malin Inghammar
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab825
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages 2152–2158
Antibiotics are considered to be among the most frequent causes of drug-related acute liver injury (ALI). Although many ALIs have mild and reversible clinical outcomes, there is substantial risk of severe reactions leading to acute liver failure, need for liver transplant, and death. Recent studies have raised concerns of hepatotoxic potential related to the use of fluoroquinolones.
Infection With the US Neisseria meningitidis Urethritis Clade Does Not Lower Future Risk of Urethral Gonorrhea
Abigail Norris Turner, Alexandria M Carter, Yih-Ling Tzeng, David S Stephens, Morgan A Brown, Brandon M Snyder, Adam C Retchless, Xin Wang, Jose A Bazan
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab824
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages 2159–2165
Cross-protective immunity between Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) may inform gonococcal vaccine development. Meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines confer modest protection against gonorrhea. However, whether urethral Nm infection protects against gonorrhea is unknown. We examined gonorrhea risk among men with US Nm urethritis clade (US_NmUC) infections.
Cost-effectiveness of Check It: A Novel Community-Based Chlamydia Screening and Expedited Treatment Program for Young Black Men
Charles Stoecker, Alisha Monnette, Zhuolin Qu, Norine Schmidt, Megan Clare Craig-Kuhn, Patricia J Kissinger
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab818
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages 2166–2172
We assessed the cost-effectiveness of the Check It program, a novel community-based chlamydia screening and expedited partner treatment program for young Black men conducted in New Orleans since 2017.
Vaccine Impact and Effectiveness of Meningococcal Serogroup ACWY Conjugate Vaccine Implementation in the Netherlands: A Nationwide Surveillance Study
Milou Ohm, Susan J M Hahné, Arie van der Ende, Elisabeth A M Sanders, Guy A M Berbers, Wilhelmina L M Ruijs, Nina M van Sorge, Hester E de Melker, Mirjam J Knol
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab791
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages 2173–2180
In response to the recent serogroup W invasive meningococcal disease (IMD-W) epidemic in the Netherlands, meningococcal serogroup C (MenC) conjugate vaccination for children aged 14 months was replaced with a MenACWY conjugate vaccination, and a mass campaign targeting individuals aged 14–18 years was executed. We investigated the impact of MenACWY vaccination implementation in 2018–2020 on incidence rates and estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE).
Effectiveness of Four Different Interventions Against Schistosoma haematobium in a Seasonal Transmission Setting of Côte d’Ivoire: A Cluster Randomized Trial
Mamadou Ouattara, Fidèle K Bassa, Nana R Diakité, Jan Hattendorf, Jean T Coulibaly, Patrick K Yao, Yves-Nathan T Tian-Bi, Cyrille K Konan, Rufin K Assaré, Naférima Koné, Négnorogo Guindo-Coulibaly, Jürg Utzinger, Eliézer K N’Goran
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab787
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages 2181–2190
Annual mass drug administration (MDA) using praziquantel is the cornerstone of schistosomiasis morbidity control but is not sufficient to interrupt transmission. We implemented a cluster-randomized trial to compare the effectiveness of 4 different intervention packages to interrupt transmission of Schistosoma haematobium in a seasonal transmission setting of Côte d’Ivoire.
Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine Chemoprevention and Malaria Incidence After Severe Flooding: Evaluation of a Pragmatic Intervention in Rural Uganda
Ross M Boyce, Brandon D Hollingsworth, Emma Baguma, Erin Xu, Varun Goel, Amanda Brown-Marusiak, Rabbison Muhindo, Raquel Reyes, Moses Ntaro, Mark J Siedner, Sarah G Staedke, Jonathan J Juliano, Edgar M Mulogo
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab781
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages 2191–2199,
Malaria epidemics are a well-described phenomenon after extreme precipitation and flooding. Yet, few studies have examined mitigation measures to prevent post-flood malaria epidemics.
Semiannual Treatment of Albendazole Alone is Efficacious for Treatment of Lymphatic Filariasis: A Randomized Open-label Trial in Cote d’Ivoire
Allassane F Ouattara, Catherine M Bjerum, Méité Aboulaye, Olivier Kouadio, Vanga K Marius, Britt Andersen, Daphne Lew, Charles W Goss, Gary J Weil, Benjamin G Koudou, Christopher L King
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab194
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages 2200–2208
Ivermectin (IVM) plus albendazole (ALB), or IA, is widely used in mass drug administration (MDA) programs that aim to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF) in Africa. However, IVM can cause severe adverse events in persons with heavy Loa loa infections that are common in Central Africa. ALB is safe in loiasis, but more information is needed on its efficacy for LF. This study compared the efficacy and safety of 3 years of semiannual treatment with ALB to annual IA in persons with bancroftian filariasis.
Deconstructing the Treatment Effect of Remdesivir in the Adaptive Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Trial-1: Implications for Critical Care Resource Utilization
Jonathan Fintzi, Tyler Bonnett, Daniel A Sweeney, Nikhil A Huprikar, Anuradha Ganesan, Maria G Frank, Susan L F McLellan, Lori E Dodd, Pablo Tebas, Aneesh K Mehta
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab712
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages 2209–2217
The Adaptive Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Trial-1 (ACTT-1) found that remdesivir therapy hastened recovery in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, but the pathway for this improvement was not explored. We investigated how the dynamics of clinical progression changed along 4 pathways: recovery, improvement in respiratory therapy requirement, deterioration in respiratory therapy requirement, and death.
Incidence and Clinical Characteristics of and Risk Factors for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection Among Pregnant Individuals in the United States
Fatimah S Dawood, Michael Varner, Alan Tita, Gabriella Newes-Adeyi, Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman, Ashley Battarbee, Ann Bruno, Michael Daugherty, Lawrence Reichle, Kelly Vorwaller, Celibell Vargas, Mickey Parks, Emily Powers, Miriam Lucca-Susana, Marie Gibson, Akila Subramaniam, Yiling J Cheng, Pei-Jean Feng, Sascha Ellington, Romeo R Galang, Jennifer Meece, Chris Flygare, Melissa S Stockwell
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab713
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages 2218–2226
Data about the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among pregnant individuals are needed to inform infection-prevention guidance and counseling for this population.
Medicare Prescription Plans Limit Access to Recommended Drugs for Clostridioides difficile Infection
Deanna Buehrle, Cornelius J Clancy
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab898
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages 2227–2229
We analyzed June 2021 Medicare Advantage/Part D enrollment and formulary data. Oral vancomycin and fidaxomicin, frontline Clostridioides difficile treatments, were in the formulary for 100% (42314676 of 42314676) and 84.1% (35598385 of 42314676) of enrollees, respectively. However, they were broadly accessible (formulary, unrestricted, tier 1 or 2) to only 14.4% (6104348 of 42314676) and 1.1% (483004 of 42314676), respectively.
Association Between Airborne Infection Isolation Room Utilization Rates and Healthcare Worker Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infections in 2 Academic Hospitals
Michael Klompas, Shangyuan Ye, Vineeta Vaidya, Aileen Ochoa, Meghan A Baker, Karen Hopcia, Dean Hashimoto, Rui Wang, Chanu Rhee
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab849
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages 2230–2233
We compared healthcare worker severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection rates between March and August 2020 in 2 similar hospitals with high vs low airborne infection isolation room utilization rates but otherwise identical infection control policies. We found no difference in healthcare worker infection rates between the 2 hospitals, nor between patient-facing vs non-patient-facing providers.
Circulation of Third-Generation Cephalosporin Resistant Salmonella Typhi in Mumbai, India
Silvia Argimón, Geetha Nagaraj, Varun Shamanna, Dharmavaram Sravani, Ashwini Kodlipet Vasanth, Akshatha Prasanna, Aruna Poojary, Anurag Kumar Bari, Anthony Underwood, Mihir Kekre, Stephen Baker, David M Aanensen, Ravikumar Kadahalli Lingegowda
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab897
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages 2234–2237
We report the persistent circulation of third-generation cephalosporin resistant Salmonella Typhi in Mumbai, linked to the acquisition and maintenance of a previously characterized IncX3 plasmid carrying the ESBL gene blaSHV-12 and the fluoroquinolone resistance gene qnrB7 in the genetic context of a triple mutant also associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.
Is Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Less Deadly Now? Trends in In-Hospital Mortality Among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in the United States
Rena C Moon, Rachel H Mackey, Zhun Cao, Seth Emont, Laura L Schott, Julie A Gayle, Craig Lipkin, Ning A Rosenthal
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab830
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages 2238–2242
After an initial decline from April through June 2020 (from 22.2% to 11.9%), adjusted in-hospital mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) inpatients peaked twice and was significantly higher than June 2020 for subsequent months except in July and October 2020. Adjusted mortality trends differed across age groups between November 2020 and February 2021.
Reimagining Preexposure Prophylaxis Provision for Women in the United States
Dominika Seidman, Rachel Logan, Shannon Weber, Anisha Gandhi, Oni Blackstock
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab959
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages 2243–2248
Structural determinants of health drive inequities in the acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the use of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention among cisgender women in the United States. However, current PrEP clinical guidance and implementation paradigms largely focus on individual behaviors and characteristics, resulting in missed opportunities to improve PrEP access, and the implicit transferring of prevention work from health systems to individuals
A 41-Year-Old Female With Sudden-Onset Abdominal Pain and Nausea
Carl Boodman, Carol Holmes, Charles Bernstein, Paul Van Caeseele, John Embil
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab927
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages 2249–2251
Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human Metapneumovirus, and Parainfluenza Virus Infections in Lung Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review of Outcomes and Treatment Strategies
Auke de Zwart, Annelies Riezebos-Brilman, Gerton Lunter, Judith Vonk, Allan R Glanville, Jens Gottlieb, Nitipong Permpalung, Huib Kerstjens, Jan-Willem Alffenaar, Erik Verschuuren
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab969
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages 2252–2260
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) are increasingly associated with chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) in lung transplant recipients (LTR). This systematic review primarily aimed to assess outcomes of RSV/PIV/hMPV infections in LTR and secondarily to assess evidence regarding the efficacy of ribavirin.
Oral Fluoroquinolone and the Risk of Acute Liver Injury: Is It Related to the Antibiotics or the Infection?
Omid Rezahosseini, Jenny Knudsen, Allan Rasmussen, Susanne Dam Nielsen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab966
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Page 2261
Reply to Rezahosseini
Olof Nibell, Malin Inghammar
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab967
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Page 2262
The Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Virus in the Vaginal Fluid of Females With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection: Scientific Facts
Mohd Faizal Ahmad, Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh, Srijit Das
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciaa1608
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages 2262–2263
Reply to Author
Lin Qiu, Lan Zhu
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciaa1610
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages 2262–2263
In Memoriam: Victor L. Yu, MD
David R Snydman
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac163
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages 2264–2265
Correction to: Identifying and Characterizing Trans Women in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study as an Epidemiologically Distinct Risk Group
Huyen Nguyen, Benjamin Hampel, David Garcia Nuñez, Manuel Battegay, Anna Hachfeld, Enos Bernasconi, Alexandra Calmy, Matthias Cavassini, Pietro Vernazza, Jacques Fellay, Hannes Rudolph, Michael Huber, Karoline Leuzinger, Matthieu Perreau, Alexandra Scherrer, Alban Nicolas Ramette, Sabine Yerly, Huldrych F Günthard, Roger D Kouyos, Katharina Kusejko
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac242
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Page 2266
Correction to: Fine-scale Spatiotemporal Mapping of Asymptomatic and Clinical Plasmodium falciparum Infections: Epidemiological Evidence for Targeted Malaria Elimination Interventions
Makhtar Niang, Mirco Sandfort, Adja Fatou Mbodj, Babacar Diouf, Cheikh Talla, Joseph Faye, Rokhaya Sane, Laty Gaye Thiam, Alassane Thiam, Abdoulaye Badiane, Ines Vigan-Womas, Nafissatou Diagne, Fatoumata Diene Sarr, Ivo Mueller, Cheikh Sokhna, Michael White, Aissatou Toure-Balde
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac146
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 74, Issue 12, 15 June 2022, Pages 2266–2267
