دسترسی یکساله به بیش از ۵۰۰ ژورنال روز جهان موجود در سامانه
-
http://medilib.ir
- ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ : 365 ﺭﻭﺯ
قیمت : 3,800,000 تومان- قیمت ویژه : 1,900,000تومان
In the Literature
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac756
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages i–ii
Inhaled Zanamivir vs Oral Oseltamivir to Prevent Influenza-related Hospitalization or Death: A Nationwide Population-based Quasi-experimental StudyÂ
Chia ping Su, K Arnold Chan, Ching Tai Huang, Chi Tai Fang
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac217
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1273–1279,
Meta-analyses of individual patient data from randomized, controlled trials show that early oseltamivir treatment for influenza cut the risk of pneumonia and hospitalization by 44% and 63%, respectively. However, data on the effectiveness of inhaled zanamivir in preventing hospitalization and death are lacking.
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Human Papillomavirus Test-and-Treat as Compared to Cytology-Based Screening for Prevention of Cervical Cancer Among Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol A5282Â
Timothy Wilkin, Huichao Chen, Vikrant Sahasrabuddhe, Roy Matining, Rosie Mngqibisa, Lameck Chinula, Yamikani Mbilizi, Tsitsi Magure, Ayotunde E Omoz-Oarhe, Mohammed Rassool, Cynthia Riviere, Rhamesh Bhosale, Sheela Godbole, Reena Naranjo, Robert Coombs, Pamela Michelow, Catherine Godfrey, Cynthia Firnhaber
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac213
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1280–1288
Cytology-based cervical cancer screening followed by confirmation and treatment of biopsy-proven high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (bHSIL) is difficult to implement in resource-constrained settings. We hypothesized that high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing followed by immediate cryotherapy of women with hrHPV (HPV screen-and-treat) may improve outcomes.
Evaluating the Benefits and Risks of Ex Vivo Liver Resection and Autotransplantation in Treating Hepatic End-stage Alveolar EchinococcosisÂ
Yiwen Qiu, Bin Huang, Xianwei Yang, Tao Wang, Shu Shen, Yi Yang, Wentao Wang
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac195
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1289–1296
Ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation (ELRA) has shown promising outcomes in treating end-stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (AE). However, the actual benefits and risks remain unclear. This study aims to analyze the benefits and risks of ELRA.
Predicting Airborne Infection Risk: Association Between Personal Ambient Carbon Dioxide Level Monitoring and Incidence of Tuberculosis Infection in South African Health WorkersÂ
Ruvandhi R Nathavitharana, Hridesh Mishra, Amanda Sullivan, Shelley Hurwitz, Philip Lederer, Jack Meintjes, Edward Nardell, Grant Theron
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac183
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1297–1306
High rates of tuberculosis (TB) transmission occur in hospitals in high-incidence countries, yet there is no validated way to evaluate the impact of hospital design and function on airborne infection risk. We hypothesized that personal ambient carbon dioxide (CO2) monitoring could serve as a surrogate measure of rebreathed air exposure associated with TB infection risk in health workers (HWs).
Safety and Effectiveness Outcomes From a 14-Country Cohort of Patients With Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Treated Concomitantly With Bedaquiline, Delamanid, and Other Second-Line DrugsÂ
Helena Huerga, Uzma Khan, Mathieu Bastard, Carole D Mitnick, Nathalie Lachenal, Palwasha Y Khan, Kwonjune J Seung, Nara Melikyan, Saman Ahmed, Michael L Rich, Francis Varaine, Elna Osso, Makhmujan Rashitov, Naseem Salahuddin, Gocha Salia, Epifanio Sánchez, Armine Serobyan, Muhammad Rafi Siddiqui, Dri Grium Tefera, Dmitry Vetushko, Lusine Yeghiazaryan, David Holtzman, Shirajul Islam, Andargachew Kumsa, Gamarly Jacques Leblanc, Olga Leonovich, Shahid Mamsa, Mohammad Manzur-ul-Alam, Zaw Myint, Shrivani Padayachee, Molly F Franke, Catherine Hewison endTB study observational study team
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac176
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1307–1314
Concomitant use of bedaquiline (Bdq) and delamanid (Dlm) for multi-drug/rifampicin resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) has raised concerns about a potentially poor risk-benefit ratio. Yet this combination is an important alternative for patients infected with strains of TB with complex drug resistance profiles or who cannot tolerate other therapies. We assessed safety and treatment outcomes of MDR/RR-TB patients receiving concomitant Bdq and Dlm, along with other second-line anti-TB drugs.
Global Epidemiology of Human Infections With Variant Influenza Viruses, 1959–2021: A Descriptive StudyÂ
Xinghui Chen, Wei Wang, Ying Qin, Junyi Zou, Hongjie Yu
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac168
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1315–1323
Although human case numbers of variant influenza viruses have increased worldwide, the epidemiology of human cases and human-to-human transmissibility of different variant viruses remain uncertain.
Factors Associated With Systemic Immune Activation Indices in a Global Primary Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Cohort of People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Antiretroviral TherapyÂ
Sara E Looby, Amy Kantor, Tricia H Burdo, Judith S Currier, Carl J Fichtenbaum, Edgar T Overton, Judith A Aberg, Carlos D Malvestutto, Gerald S Bloomfield, Kristine M Erlandson, Michelle Cespedes, Esper G Kallas, Mar Masiá, Alice C Thornton, Mandy D Smith, Jacqueline M Flynn, Emma M Kileel, Evelynne Fulda, Kathleen V Fitch, Michael T Lu, Pamela S Douglas, Steven K Grinspoon, Heather J Ribaudo, Markella V Zanni
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac166
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1324–1333
Among antiretroviral therapy (ART)–treated people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH), persistent systemic immune activation contributes to atherogenesis atherosclerotic, cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, and mortality. Factors associated with key immune activation indices have not previously been characterized among a global primary CVD prevention cohort of PWH.
The Epidemiology of Sapovirus in the Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infection and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development Study: Evidence of Protection Following Natural InfectionÂ
Saba Rouhani, Pablo Peñataro Yori, Maribel Paredes Olortegui, Aldo A Lima, Tahmeed Ahmed, Estomih R Mduma, Ajila George, Amidou Samie, Erling Svensen, Ila Lima, Dinesh Mondal, Carl J Mason, Adil Kalam, Richard L Guerrant, Dennis Lang, Anita Zaidi, Gagandeep Kang, Eric Houpt, Margaret N Kosek
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac165
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1334–1341
Sapovirus is one of the principal agents of acute viral enteritis in children. Because it has not been routinely included in diagnostic evaluations, the epidemiology and natural history remain poorly described.
Landscape of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Neutralization Susceptibilities Across Tissue ReservoirsÂ
Chuangqi Wang, Timothy E Schlub, Wen Han Yu, C Sabrina Tan, Karl Stefic, Sara Gianella, Davey M Smith, Douglas A Lauffenburger, Antoine Chaillon, Boris Julg
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac164
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1342–1350
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) sequence diversity and the presence of archived epitope mutaÂtions in antibody binding sites are a major obstacle for the clinical application of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV-1. Specifically, it is unclear to what degree the viral reservoir is compartmentalized and if virus susceptibility to antibody neutralization differs across tissues.
Measurement of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antigens in Plasma of Pediatric Patients With Acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Using an Ultrasensitive and Quantitative ImmunoassayÂ
George B Sigal, Tanya Novak, Anu Mathew, Janet Chou, Yubo Zhang, Navaratnam Manjula, Pradeepthi Bathala, Jessica Joe, Nikhil Padmanabhan, Daniel Romero, Gabriella Allegri-Machado, Jill Joerger, Laura L Loftis, Stephanie P Schwartz, Tracie C Walker, Julie C Fitzgerald, Keiko M Tarquinio, Matt S Zinter, Jennifer E Schuster, Natasha B Halasa, Melissa L Cullimore, Aline B Maddux, Mary A Staat, Katherine Irby, Heidi R Flori, Bria M Coates, Hillary Crandall, Shira J Gertz, Adrienne G Randolph, Nira R Pollock, Overcoming COVID-19 Investigators
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac160
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1351–1358
Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigens in blood has high sensitivity in adults with acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but sensitivity in pediatric patients is unclear. Recent data suggest that persistent SARS-CoV-2 spike antigenemia may contribute to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). We quantified SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) antigens in blood of pediatric patients with either acute COVID-19 or MIS-C using ultrasensitive immunoassays (Meso Scale Discovery).
Altered Maternal Antibody Profiles in Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drive Changes in Transplacental Antibody TransferÂ
Sepideh Dolatshahi, Audrey L Butler, Mark J Siedner, Joseph Ngonzi, Andrea G Edlow, Julian Adong, Madeleine F Jennewein, Caroline Atyeo, Ingrid V Bassett, Drucilla J Roberts, Douglas A Lauffenburger, Galit Alter, Lisa M Bebell
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac156
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1359–1369
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–exposed, uninfected (HEU) children have a higher risk of severe infection, but the causes are poorly understood. Emerging data point to altered antibody transfer in women with HIV (WHIV); however, specific perturbations and the influence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and HIV viremia remain unclear.
The Effect of a Second Dose of Measles Vaccine at 18 Months of Age on Nonaccidental Deaths and Hospital Admissions in Guinea-Bissau: Interim Analysis of a Randomized Controlled TrialÂ
Mike L T Berendsen, Isaquel Silva, Carlitos Balé, Sebastian Nielsen, Sophus Hvidt, Cesario L Martins, Christine S Benn, Peter Aaby
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac155
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1370–1378
The world is set on the eradication of measles. Continuation of the measles vaccine (MV) after eradication could still reduce morbidity because the MV has so-called beneficial nonspecific effects. We evaluated the effect of a “booster� dose of the MV on overall severe morbidity.
The Effect of Regularly Dosed Acetaminophen vs No Acetaminophen on Renal Function in Plasmodium knowlesi Malaria (PACKNOW): A Randomized, Controlled TrialÂ
Daniel J Cooper, Matthew J Grigg, Katherine Plewes, Giri S Rajahram, Kim A Piera, Timothy William, Jayaram Menon, Glenn Koleth, Michael D Edstein, Geoffrey W Birrell, Thanaporn Wattanakul, Joel Tarning, Aatish Patel, Tsin Wen Yeo, Arjen M Dondorp, Nicholas M Anstey, Bridget E Barber
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac152
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1379–1388
Acetaminophen inhibits cell-free hemoglobin-induced lipid peroxidation and improves renal function in severe falciparum malaria but has not been evaluated in other infections with prominent hemolysis, including Plasmodium knowlesi malaria.
Impact of Tamoxifen on Vorinostat-Induced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Expression in Women on Antiretroviral Therapy: AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5366, The MOXIE TrialÂ
Eileen P Scully, Evgenia Aga, Athe Tsibris, Nancie Archin, Kate Starr, Qing Ma, Gene D Morse, Kathleen E Squires, Bonnie J Howell, Guoxin Wu, Lara Hosey, Scott F Sieg, Lynsay Ehui, Francoise Giguel, Kendyll Coxen, Curtis Dobrowolski, Monica Gandhi, Steve Deeks, Nicolas Chomont, Elizabeth Connick, Catherine Godfrey, Jonathan Karn, Daniel R Kuritzkes, Ronald J Bosch, Rajesh T Gandhi for the A5366 study team
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac136
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1389–1396
Biological sex and the estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) modulate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity. Few women have enrolled in clinical trials of latency reversal agents (LRAs); their effectiveness in women is unknown. We hypothesized that ESR1 antagonism would augment induction of HIV expression by the LRA vorinostat.
Female Reproductive Factors and Incidence of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease Among Postmenopausal Women in KoreaÂ
Hayoung Choi, Kyungdo Han, Bumhee Yang, Dong Wook Shin, Jang Won Sohn, Hyun Lee
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac134
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1397–1404
There are conflicting results regarding endogenous estrogen exposure and risk of incident nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). In addition, evidence on impact of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on risk of NTM-PD is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of endogenous estrogen exposure and HRT on risk of NTM-PD in postmenopausal women.
Group B Streptococcus Infection in Extremely Preterm Neonates and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 2 YearsÂ
Karen M Puopolo, Sagori Mukhopadhyay, Nellie I Hansen, Dustin D Flannery, Rachel G Greenberg, Pablo J Sanchez, Edward F Bell, Sara B DeMauro, Myra H Wyckoff, Eric C Eichenwald, Barbara J Stoll
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac222
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1405–1415
This study was performed to determine the incidence of group B Streptococcus (GBS) disease among extremely preterm infants and assess to risk of death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at a corrected age of 18–26 months.
Association Between Statin Use and Daptomycin-related Musculoskeletal Adverse Events: A Mixed Approach Combining a Meta-analysis and a Disproportionality AnalysisÂ
Masayuki Chuma, Aki Nakamoto, Takashi Bando, Takahiro Niimura, Yutaka Kondo, Hirofumi Hamano, Naoto Okada, Mizuho Asada, Yoshito Zamami, Kenshi Takechi, Mitsuhiro Goda, Koji Miyata, Kenta Yagi, Toshihiko Yoshioka, Yuki Izawa-Ishizawa, Hiroaki Yanagawa, Yoshikazu Tasaki, Keisuke Ishizawa
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac128
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1416–1422
There is a growing concern about the association between the combined use of daptomycin (DAP) and statins and the occurrence of musculoskeletal adverse events (MAEs), but this remains controversial. This study aimed to clarify the association between statin use and DAP-related MAEs.
AmBisome Monotherapy and Combination AmBisome–Miltefosine Therapy for the Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Patients Coinfected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in India: A Randomized Open-Label, Parallel-Arm, Phase 3 TrialÂ
Sakib Burza, Raman Mahajan, Shahwar Kazmi, Neal Alexander, Deepak Kumar, Vikash Kumar, Estrella Lasry, Amit Harshana, Alan de Lima Pereira, Pradeep Das, Neena Verma, Vidya Nand Ravi Das, Chandra Shekhar Lal, Bharat Rewari, Vishal Goyal, Suman Rijal, Fabiana Alves, Naresh Gill, Krishna Pandey
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac127
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1423–1432
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) presents an increasingly important patient cohort in areas where both infections are endemic. Evidence for treatment is sparce, with no high-quality studies from the Indian subcontinent.
Model-based Analysis of Tuberculosis Genotype Clusters in the United States Reveals High Degree of Heterogeneity in Transmission and State-level Differences Across California, Florida, New York, and TexasÂ
Sourya Shrestha, Kathryn Winglee, Andrew N Hill, Tambi Shaw, Jonathan P Smith, J Steve Kammerer, Benjamin J Silk, Suzanne M Marks, David Dowdy
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac121
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1433–1441
Comparative Effectiveness of mRNA and Inactivated Whole-Virus Vaccines Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection and Severe Disease in SingaporeÂ
M Premikha, Calvin J Chiew, Wycliffe E Wei, Yee Sin Leo, Benjamin Ong, David Chien Lye, Vernon J Lee, Kelvin Bryan Tan
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac288
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1442–1445
Compared with individuals vaccinated with Pfizer-BioNTech/Comirnaty, recipients of Sinovac-CoronaVac and Sinopharm were 2.37 (95% CI, 2.29–2.46) and 1.62 (95% CI, 1.43–1.85) times more likely to be infected with coronavirus disease 19, respectively, while individuals vaccinated with Moderna were 0.42 (95% CI, 0.25–0.70) times less likely to develop severe disease.
Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infection Incidence Among Southern Men Who Have Sex With Men With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the Treatment as Prevention Era, 2014–2019Â
Ronnie M Gravett, John D Cleveland, Edgar T Overton, Jeanne Marrazzo
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac257
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1446–1448
In this retrospective analysis of men who have sex with men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the South from 2014 through 2019, incident bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) increased regardless of virologic control. Clinicians should prioritize STI screening and management in primary HIV care.
How Generalizable Are Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) in Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia? A Description of the Mortality Gap Between RCTs and Observational StudiesÂ
Anthony D Bai, Carson K L Lo, Adam S Komorowski, Mallika Suresh, Kevin Guo, Akhil Garg, Pranav Tandon, Julien Senecal, Olivier Del Corpo, Isabella Stefanova, Clare Fogarty, Guillaume Butler-Laporte, Emily G McDonald, Matthew P Cheng, Andrew M Morris, Mark Loeb, Todd C Lee
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac177
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1449–1452
In Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, mortality rates in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are consistently lower than observational studies. Stringent eligibility criteria and omission of early deaths in RCTs contribute to this mortality gap. Clinicians should acknowledge the possibility of a lower treatment effect when applying RCT results to bedside care.
Lower Rates of Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations Among Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C With Sustained Virological Response to Interferon-Free Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy (2014–2018)Â
Stuart C Gordon, Eyasu H Teshale, Philip R Spradling, Anne C Moorman, Joseph A Boscarino, Mark A Schmidt, Yihe G Daida, Loralee B Rupp, Sheri Trudeau, Jiaqi Zhang, Mei Lu, CHeCS Investigators
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac124
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1453–1456
We compared rates of emergency department visits and hospitalizations between patients with hepatitis C virus who achieved sustained virological response after direct-acting antiviral therapy (case patients) and matched controls. Among 3049 pairs, case patients demonstrated lower rates of liver-related emergency department visits (P = .01) than controls; all-cause and liver-related hospitalization rates and number of hospitalized days were also lower in case patients (P < .001).
Evidence of Clinical Impact Supports a New Petition for Medicare Coverage of 2-[18F]Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Focused Literature Review and Call to ActionÂ
Elizabeth Thottacherry, Nicolás W Cortés-Penfield
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac363
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1457–1461
Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) causes considerable morbidity and mortality and requires comprehensive assessment for metastatic infection. The roles of routine imaging beyond echocardiography in SAB, including 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT), remain contentious. We performed a literature review of studies reporting impact of 18F-FDG-PET/CT on the clinical management or outcomes of SAB published through 1 March 2022.
Prioritizing Pregnant Women for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination in African CountriesÂ
Jean B Nachega, Nadia A Sam-Agudu, Mark J Siedner, Philip J Rosenthal, John W Mellors, Alimuddin Zumla, Michel P Hermans, Mukanire B Ntakwinja, Denis M Mukwege, Eduard Langenegger, Lynne M Mofenson, for the African Forum for Research and Education in Health (AFREhealth) Research Collaboration on COVID-19 and Pregnancy
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac362
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1462–1466
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pregnancy is associated with excess maternal and infant morbidity and mortality in both African and higher-resource settings. Furthermore, mounting evidence demonstrates the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination for pregnant women and infants.
Describing the Impact of Maternal Hyperimmune Globulin and Valacyclovir on the Outcomes of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pregnancy: A Systematic ReviewÂ
Alyssa Fitzpatrick, Celia Cooper, Nan Vasilunas, Brett Ritchie
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac297
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1467–1480
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading infectious cause of congenital neurological disabilities. Valacyclovir and CMV hyperimmune globulin (HIG) may reduce vertical transmission and sequelae in neonates.
An Immunocompetent Male With Skin Lesions and a Brain AbscessÂ
Jessica Glicksberg, Mercedes Malone, Joshua K Salabei, Robert Yancey, Jr
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab911
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1481–1483
Bacteremic Pneumococcal PneumoniaÂ
Mical Paul, Leonard Leibovici
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac414
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Page 1484
Reply to Paul and LeiboviciÂ
Michal Chowers, Gili Regev-Yochay
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac415
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Page 1485
Response to ‘Reduced Cell Surface Levels of C-C Chemokine Receptor 5 and Immunosuppression in Long Coronavirus Disease 2019 Syndrome’Â
Kevin R Viel
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac389
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1485–1486
Reply to Viel
Christopher Recknor, Scott G Hansen, Norman B. Gaylis, Meenakshi Tiwary, Jonah B. Sacha, Otto O Yang
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac390
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 8, 15 October 2022, Pages 1486–1487
Responding to the Threat Posed by Anthrax: Updated Evidence to Improve Preparedness
Margaret A Honein, Alex R Hoffmaster
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac567
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_3, 15 October 2022, Pages S339–S340
Clinical Features of Patients Hospitalized for All Routes of Anthrax, 1880–2018: A Systematic Review
Katherine Hendricks, Marissa K Person, John S Bradley, Thitipong Mongkolrattanothai, Nathaniel Hupert, Peter Eichacker, Arthur M Friedlander, William A Bower
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac534
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_3, 15 October 2022, Pages S341–S353
Anthrax is a toxin-mediated zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, with a worldwide distribution recognized for millennia. Bacillus anthracis is considered a potential biowarfare agent.
Welder’s Anthrax: A Tale of 2 Cases
Katherine Hendricks, Roosecelis Brasil Martines, Hannah Bielamowicz, Anne E Boyer, Stephen Long, Paul Byers, Robyn A Stoddard, Kathryn Taylor, Cari Beesley Kolton, Maribel Gallegos-Candela, Christine Roberts, Marlene DeLeon-Carnes, Johanna Salzer, Patrick Dawson, Dannette Brown, Lindsey Templeton-LeBouf, Ryan C Maves, Chris Gulvik, David Lonsway, John R Barr, William A Bower, Alex Hoffmaster
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac535
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_3, 15 October 2022, Pages S354–S363
Bacillus anthracis has traditionally been considered the etiologic agent of anthrax. However, anthrax-like illness has been documented in welders and other metal workers infected with Bacillus cereus group spp. harboring pXO1 virulence genes that produce anthrax toxins. We present 2 recent cases of severe pneumonia in welders with B. cereus group infections and discuss potential risk factors for infection and treatment options, including antitoxin.
Survival of Patient With Hemorrhagic Meningitis Associated With Inhalation Anthrax
Evelyn Lombarte Espinosa, MarÃa Cruz Villuendas Usón, Jorge Arribas GarcÃa, Isabel Jado GarcÃa, Rafael Huarte Lacunza, Paola Zárate Chug, Luis Manuel Claraco Vega, MarÃa Jesús Santed Andrés, MarÃa Jiménez RÃos, Rachel Cook, J Marc Simard, Anne E Boyer, Antonio Rezusta
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac531
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_3, 15 October 2022, Pages S364–S372
This report describes a 49-year-old male construction worker who acquired a Bacillus anthracis infection after working on a sheep farm. He experienced a severe respiratory infection, septic shock, and hemorrhagic meningoencephalitis with severe intracranial hypertension. After several weeks with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, he responded favorably to antibiotic treatment. Three weeks into his hospitalization, an intracranial hemorrhage and cerebral edema led to an abrupt deterioration in his neurological status. A single dose of raxibacumab was added to his antimicrobial regimen on hospital day 27. His overall status, both clinical and radiographic, improved within a few days. He was discharged 2 months after admission and appears to have fully recovered.
Systematic Review of In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Bacillus anthracis, 1947–2019
Tucker Maxson, Thiphasone Kongphet-Tran, Thitipong Mongkolrattanothai, Tatiana Travis, Katherine Hendricks, Corinne Parker, Heather P McLaughlin, Julia Bugrysheva, Frank Ambrosio, Pierre Michel, Blake Cherney, Christine Lascols, David Sue
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac520
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_3, 15 October 2022, Pages S373–S378
Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is a high-consequence bacterial pathogen that occurs naturally in many parts of the world and is considered an agent of biowarfare or bioterrorism.
Postexposure Prophylaxis and Treatment of Bacillus anthracis Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses of Animal Models, 1947–2019
Jordan L Kennedy, Jürgen B Bulitta, Kevin Chatham-Stephens, Marissa K Person, Rachel Cook, Thitipong Mongkolrattanothai, Eunjeong Shin, Patricia Yu, Maria E Negron, William A Bower, Katherine Hendricks
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac591
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_3, 15 October 2022, Pages S379–S391
Anthrax is endemic to many countries, including the United States. The causative agent, Bacillus anthracis, poses a global bioterrorism threat. Without effective antimicrobial postexposure prophylaxis (PEPAbx) and treatment, the mortality of systemic anthrax is high. To inform clinical guidelines for PEPAbx and treatment of B. anthracis infections in humans, we systematically evaluated animal anthrax treatment model studies.
Systematic Review of Hospital Treatment Outcomes for Naturally Acquired and Bioterrorism-Related Anthrax, 1880–2018
Marissa K Person, Rachel Cook, John S Bradley, Nathaniel Hupert, William A Bower, Katherine Hendricks
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac536
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_3, 15 October 2022, Pages S392–S401
Bacillus anthracis can cause anthrax and is a potential bioterrorism agent. The 2014 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations for medical countermeasures against anthrax were based on in vitro data and expert opinion. However, a century of previously uncompiled observational human data that often includes treatment and outcomes is available in the literature for analysis.
Evaluation of Amoxicillin and Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (Augmentin) for Antimicrobial Postexposure Prophylaxis Following Bacillus anthracis Inhalational Exposure in Cynomolgus Macaques
Raymond M Slay, Graham J Hatch, Judith A Hewitt
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac572
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_3, 15 October 2022, Pages S402–S410
Amoxicillin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative infections, such as infections of the ear, nose, and throat, genitourinary tract, skin, and lower respiratory tract; gonorrhea; and Helicobacter pylori.
Determination of the Postexposure Prophylactic Benefit of Oral Azithromycin and Clarithromycin Against Inhalation Anthrax in Cynomolgus Macaques
Raymond M Slay, Judith A Hewitt, Martin Crumrine
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac569
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_3, 15 October 2022, Pages S411–S416
Sufficient and diverse medical countermeasures against severe pathogenic infections, such as inhalation anthrax, are a critical need. Azithromycin and clarithromycin are antimicrobials commonly used for both upper and lower respiratory infections. They inhibit protein synthesis by blocking the formation of the 50S ribosomal subunit. To expand the armamentarium, these 2 antibiotics were evaluated in a postexposure prophylactic model of inhalation anthrax in cynomolgus macaques.
Safety of Antimicrobials for Postexposure Prophylaxis and Treatment of Anthrax: A Review
Corinne M Parker, Adolf W Karchmer, Margaret C Fisher, Kalimah M Muhammad, Patricia A Yu
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac592
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_3, 15 October 2022, Pages S417–S431
Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent for anthrax, poses a potential bioterrorism threat and is capable of causing mass morbidity and mortality. Antimicrobials are the mainstay of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) and treatment of anthrax. We conducted this safety review of 24 select antimicrobials to identify any new or emerging serious or severe adverse events (AEs) to help inform their risk–benefit evaluation for anthrax.
Antitoxin Use in the Prevention and Treatment of Anthrax Disease: A Systematic Review
Elisabeth M Hesse, Shana Godfred-Cato, William A Bower
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac532
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_3, 15 October 2022, Pages S432–S440,
Bacillus anthracis is a high-priority threat agent because of its widespread availability, easy dissemination, and ability to cause substantial morbidity and mortality. Although timely and appropriate antimicrobial therapy can reduce morbidity and mortality, the role of adjunctive therapies continues to be explored.
Pre- and Postlicensure Animal Efficacy Studies Comparing Anthrax Antitoxins
Raymond M Slay, Rachel Cook, Katherine Hendricks, David Boucher, Michael Merchlinsky
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac593
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_3, 15 October 2022, Pages S441–S450
The deliberate use of Bacillus anthracis spores is believed by the US government to be a high bioweapons threat. The first line of defense following potential exposure to B. anthracis spores would be postexposure prophylaxis with antimicrobials that have activity against B. anthracis.
Anthrax Meningoencephalitis and Intracranial Hemorrhage
Nicholas Caffes, Katherine Hendricks, John S Bradley, Nancy A Twenhafel, J Marc Simard
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac521
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_3, 15 October 2022, Pages S451–S458
The neurological sequelae of Bacillus anthracis infection include a rapidly progressive fulminant meningoencephalitis frequently associated with intracranial hemorrhage, including subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage.
Risk Factors for Death or Meningitis in Adults Hospitalized for Cutaneous Anthrax, 1950–2018: A Systematic Review
Julie M Thompson, Rachel Cook, Marissa K Person, MarÃa E Negrón, Rita M Traxler, William A Bower, Katherine Hendricks
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac533
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_3, 15 October 2022, Pages S459–S467
Cutaneous anthrax accounts for approximately 95% of anthrax cases worldwide. About 24% of untreated patients die, and many cases are complicated by meningitis. Here, we explore clinical features of cutaneous disease associated with poor outcomes.
Algorithms for the Identification of Anthrax Meningitis During a Mass Casualty Event Based on a Systematic Review of Systemic Anthrax From 1880 Through 2018
Sophie Binney, Marissa K Person, Rita M Traxler, Rachel Cook, William A Bower, Katherine Hendricks
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac546
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_3, 15 October 2022, Pages S468–S477
During an anthrax mass casualty event, prompt identification of patients with anthrax meningitis is important. Previous research has suggested use of a screening tool based on neurological symptoms and signs.
Risk Factors for Severe Cutaneous Anthrax in a Retrospective Case Series and Use of a Clinical Algorithm to Identify Likely Meningitis and Evaluate Treatment Outcomes, Kyrgyz Republic, 2005–2012
Ainura Kutmanova, Saparbai Zholdoshev, Katherine M Roguski, Melis Sholpanbay uulu, Marissa K Person, Rachel Cook, Julia Bugrysheva, Patrick Nadol, Aisuluu Buranchieva, Lira Imanbaeva, Ainura Dzhangazieva, William A Bower, Katherine Hendricks
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac537
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_3, 15 October 2022, Pages S478–S486
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines currently recommend triple-therapy antimicrobial treatment for anthrax meningitis. In the Kyrgyz Republic, a country with endemic anthrax, cutaneous anthrax patients are routinely hospitalized and treated successfully with only monotherapy or dual therapy. Clinical algorithms have been developed to identify patients with likely anthrax meningitis based on signs and symptoms alone. We sought to retrospectively identify likely meningitis patients in the Kyrgyz Republic using a clinical algorithm and evaluate risk factors and their outcomes by type of treatment.
