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In the Literature
Stan Deresinski
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac800
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Pages i–ii
Prevention of Typhoid by Vi Conjugate Vaccine and Achievable Improvements in Household Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: Evidence From a Cluster-Randomized Trial in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse, Farhana Khanam, Faisal Ahmmed, Justin Im, Md Taufiqul Islam, Deok Ryun Kim, Sophie S Y Kang, Xinxue Liu, Fahima Chowdhury, Tasnuva Ahmed, Asma Binte Aziz, Masuma Hoque, Juyeon Park, Gideok Pak, Khalequ Zaman, Ashraful Islam Khan, Andrew J Pollard, Jerome H Kim, Florian Marks, Firdausi Qadri, John D Clemens
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac289
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Pages 1681–1687
Typhoid fever contributes to approximately 135 000 deaths annually. Achievable improvements in household water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) combined with vaccination using typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) may be an effective preventive strategy. However, little is known about how improved WASH and vaccination interact to lower the risk of typhoid.
Risk Factors and Multidimensional Assessment of Long Coronavirus Disease Fatigue: A Nested Case-Control Study
Ili Margalit, Dana Yelin, Moshe Sagi, Maya Merav Rahat, Liron Sheena, Nadav Mizrahi, Yael Gordin, Hadar Agmon, Nitzan Karny Epstein, Alaa Atamna, Ori Tishler, Vered Daitch, Tanya Babich, Donna Abecasis, Yoni Yarom, Shirit Kazum, Dorit Shitenberg, Erik Baltaxe, Odelia Elkana, Irit Shapira-Lichter, Leonard Leibovici, Dafna Yahav
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac283
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Pages 1688–1697
Fatigue is the most prevalent and debilitating long-COVID (coronavirus disease) symptom; however, risk factors and pathophysiology of this condition remain unknown. We assessed risk factors for long-COVID fatigue and explored its possible pathophysiology.
Surveillance and Correlation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Viral RNA, Antigen, Virus Isolation, and Self-Reported Symptoms in a Longitudinal Study With Daily Sampling
Gaston Bonenfant, Jessica E Deyoe, Terianne Wong, Carlos G Grijalva, Dan Cui, H Keipp Talbot, Norman Hassell, Natasha Halasa, James Chappell, Natalie J Thornburg, Melissa A Rolfes, David E Wentworth, Bin Zhou
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac282
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Pages 1698–1705
The novel coronavirus pandemic incited unprecedented demand for assays that detect viral nucleic acids, viral proteins, and corresponding antibodies. The 320 molecular diagnostics in receipt of US Food and Drug Administration emergency use authorization mainly focus on viral detection; however, no currently approved test can be used to infer infectiousness, that is, the presence of replicable virus
Prevalence of Antibiotic Tolerance and Risk for Reinfection Among Escherichia coli Bloodstream Isolates: A Prospective Cohort Study
Gilad Lazarovits, Orit Gefen, Noga Cahanian, Karen Adler, Ronen Fluss, Irit Levin-Reisman, Irine Ronin, Yair Motro, Jacob Moran-Gilad, Nathalie Q Balaban, Jacob Strahilevitz
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac281
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Pages 1706–171
Tolerance is the ability of bacteria to survive transient exposure to high concentrations of a bactericidal antibiotic without a change in the minimal inhibitory concentration, thereby limiting the efficacy of antimicrobials. The study sought to determine the prevalence of tolerance in a prospective cohort of E. coli bloodstream infection and to explore the association of tolerance with reinfection risk.
Genotype Distribution and Demographic Characteristics of Hepatitis C Virus Nucleic Acid Testing Yield Cases Among US Blood Donors
Jamel Groves, Roger Y Dodd, Gregory A Foster, Susan L Stramer
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac274
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Pages 1714–1722
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection rates among US blood donors have been well characterized; however, few studies evaluated HCV genotypes among blood donors. Monitoring trends in disease and demographic patterns contributes to understanding the safety of the blood supply. We examined the demographic characteristics and distribution of HCV genotypes/subgenotypes for nearly a 16-year period among blood donors confirmed positive for HCV RNA but antibody negative (defined as nucleic acid testing [NAT] yield).
Sustained Effect on Hepatitis C Elimination Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study: A Systematic Re-Screening for Hepatitis C RNA Two Years Following a Nation-Wide Elimination Program
Katharina Kusejko, Luisa Salazar-Vizcaya, Cyril Shah, Marcel Stöckle, Charles Béguelin, Patrick Schmid, Marie Ongaro, Katherine Darling, Enos Bernasconi, Andri Rauch, Roger D Kouyos, Huldrych F Günthard, Jürg Böni, Jan S Fehr, Dominique L Braun, Swiss HIV Cohort Study
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac273
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Pages 1723–1731
The Swiss HCVree Trial (NCT 02785666) was conducted in 2015–2017 with the goal of implementing a population-based systematic hepatitis C virus (HCV) micro-elimination program among men who have sex with men (MSM) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enrolled in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS). The trial led to a 91% and 77% decline of HCV prevalence and incidence, respectively. The long-term effect of this HCV micro-elimination program is yet to be explored.
High Rate of Hepatitis C Virus Reinfection Among Recently Injecting Drug Users: Results From the TraP Hep C Program—A Prospective Nationwide, Population-Based Study
Jon M Johannesson, Ragnheidur H Fridriksdottir, Thorvardur J Löve, Valgerdur Runarsdottir, Ingunn Hansdóttir, Arthur Löve, Marianna Thordardottir, Ubaldo B Hernandez, Sigurdur Olafsson, Magnus Gottfredsson, Treatment as Prevention for Hepatitis C (TraP Hep C) group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac272
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Pages 1732–1739
The Treatment as Prevention for Hepatitis C program started in 2016 in Iceland, offering treatment with direct-acting antivirals to hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected individuals. Reinfections through injection drug use (IDU) can hamper elimination efforts. We determined reinfection rates of HCV among patients in the program.
The Structural and Functional Correlates of Frailty in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Jeremy F Strain, Sarah Cooley, Collin Kilgore, Brittany Nelson, John Doyle, Regina Thompson, Elizabeth Westerhaus, Kalen J Petersen, Julie Wisch, Beau M Ances
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac271
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Pages 1740–1746,
Persons with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk of frailty, a clinically recognizable state of increased vulnerability resulting from aging-associated decline in multiple physiologic systems. Frailty is often defined by the Fried criteria, which includes subjective and objective standards concerning health resiliency. However, these frailty metrics do not incorporate cognitive performance or neuroimaging measures.
Bacteremia With Anaerobic Bacteria and Association With Colorectal Cancer: A Population-based Cohort Study
Ulrik S Justesen, Stig L Nielsen, Thøger G Jensen, Ram B Dessau, Jens K Møller, John E Coia, Steen L Andersen, Court Pedersen, Kim O Gradel
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac259
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Pages 1747–1753,
There is a well-described association between bacteremia with bovis group streptococci or Clostridium septicum and an increased probability of a colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis. We wanted to investigate the existence of a similar association between CRC and bacteremia with other bacteria belonging to the gut microbiota..
Immune Response to LinB13, a Lutzomyia Intermedia Salivary Protein Correlates With Disease Severity in Tegumentary Leishmaniasis
Augusto M Carvalho, Sayonara M Viana, Bruno B Andrade, Fabiano Oliveira, Jesus G Valenzuela, Edgar M Carvalho, Camila I de Oliveira
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac258
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Pages 1754–1762
We have previously shown that seropositivity to rLinB-13, a salivary protein from Lutzomyia intermedia, predicted sand fly exposure and was associated with increased risk of developing cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL).
Introducing the Escalation Antibiogram: A Simple Tool to Inform Changes in Empiric Antimicrobials in the Nonresponding Patient
Daniel Teitelbaum, Marion Elligsen, Kevin Katz, Philip W Lam, Jennifer Lo, Derek MacFadden, Christie Vermeiren, Nick Daneman
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac256
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Pages 1763–1771
Hospital antibiograms guide initial empiric antibiotic treatment selections, but do not directly inform escalation of treatment among nonresponding patients.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Bedaquiline in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Positive and Negative Older Children and Adolescents With Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis
Jennifer A Hughes, Belén P Solans, Heather R Draper, H Simon Schaaf, Jana L Winckler, Louvina van der Laan, Kendra K Radtke, Barend Fourie, Lubbe Wiesner, Anneke C Hesseling, Radojka M Savic, Anthony J Garcia-Prats
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac252
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Pages 1772–1780
Pharmacokinetic data for bedaquiline in children are limited. We described the pharmacokinetics and safety of bedaquiline in South African children and adolescents receiving treatment for multidrug/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) in routine care.
Antiretroviral Initiation at ≥800 CD4+ Cells/mm3 Associated With Lower Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reservoir Size
Thomas A Rasmussen, Sunil K Ahuja, Locadiah Kuwanda, Michael J Vjecha, Fleur Hudson, Luxshimi Lal, Ajantha Rhodes, Judy Chang, Sarah Palmer, Paula Auberson-Munderi, Henry Mugerwa, Robin Wood, Sharlaa Badal-Faesen, Sandy Pillay, Rosie Mngqibisa, Alberto LaRosa, Jose Hildago, Kathy Petoumenos, Chris Chiu, Joseph Lutaakome, Jonathan Kitonsa, Esther Kabaswaga, Pietro Pala, Carmela Ganoza, Katie Fisher, Christina Chang, Sharon R Lewin, Edwina J Wright
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac249
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Pages 1781–1791
Identifying factors that determine the frequency of latently infected CD4+ T cells on antiretroviral therapy (ART) may inform strategies for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cure. We investigated the role of CD4+ count at ART initiation for HIV persistence on ART.
Evaluation of the Latent Tuberculosis Care Cascade Among Public Health Clinics in the United States
Samuel B Holzman, Allison Perry, Paul Saleeb, Alexandra Pyan, Chris Keh, Katya Salcedo, Masahiro Narita, Amina Ahmed, Thaddeus L Miller, April C Pettit, Renuka Khurana, Matthew Whipple, Dolly Katz, Angela Largen, Amy Krueger, Maunank Shah, Tuberculosis Epidemiologic Studies Consortium
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac248
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Pages 1792–1799
Tuberculosis (TB) elimination within the United States will require scaling up TB preventive services. Many public health departments offer care for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), although gaps in the LTBI care cascade are not well quantified. An understanding of these gaps will be required to design targeted public health interventions.
Targeted Metagenomic Sequencing-based Approach Applied to 2146 Tissue and Body Fluid Samples in Routine Clinical Practice
Laure Flurin, Matthew J Wolf, Melissa M Mutchler, Matthew L Daniels, Nancy L Wengenack, Robin Patel
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac247
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Pages 1800–1808
The yield of next-generation sequencing (NGS) added to a Sanger sequencing–based 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was evaluated in clinical practice for diagnosis of bacterial infection.
Hepatitis C Virus Reinfection Following Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment in the Prison Setting: The SToP-C Study
Joanne M Carson, Gregory J Dore, Andrew R Lloyd, Jason Grebely, Marianne Byrne, Evan Cunningham, Janaki Amin, Peter Vickerman, Natasha K Martin, Carla Treloar, Marianne Martinello, Gail V Matthews, Behzad Hajarizadeh, Surveillance and Treatment of Prisoners With Hepatitis C (SToP-C) Study Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac246
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Pages 1809–1819
Injection drug use (IDU) following treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may lead to reinfection, particularly if access to harm reduction services is suboptimal. This study assessed HCV reinfection risk following direct-acting antiviral therapy within Australian prisons that had opioid agonist therapy (OAT) programs but did not have needle and syringe programs (NSPs).
Heightened Microbial Translocation Is a Prognostic Biomarker of Recurrent Tuberculosis
Nathella Pavan Kumar, Kadar Moideen, Vijay Viswanathan, Shanmugam Sivakumar, Shaik Fayaz Ahamed, C Ponnuraja, Syed Hissar, Hardy Kornfeld, Subash Babu
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac236
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Pages 1820–1826
Microbial translocation is a known characteristic of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Whether microbial translocation is also a biomarker of recurrence in PTB is not known.
Lack of Access to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccines Could Be a Greater Threat than Vaccine Hesitancy in Low-Income and Conflict Nations: The Case of Yemen
Mohammed Noushad, Mohammed Sadeg Al-Awar, Inas Shakeeb Al-Saqqaf, Mohammad Zakaria Nassani, Gamil Ghaleb Alrubaiee, Samer Rastam
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac088
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Pages 1827–1833
Vaccine hesitancy and vaccine inequity are 2 major hurdles toward achieving population immunity to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although several studies have been published on vaccine hesitancy among numerous populations, there is inadequate information on any potential correlation between vaccine acceptance and lack of access to vaccines. Our cross-sectional study in a low-income country aimed to fill this gap.
Susceptibility to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Acquisition Linked to Malaria Exposure: A Case-Control Study
Edwin Kamau, Sidhartha Chaudhury, Jessica S Bolton, Bonnie M Slike, Ningbo Jian, Michael A Eller, Leigh Anne Eller, Julie Ake, Merlin L Robb, Shelly J Krebs, Elke S Bergmann-Leitner
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac384
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Pages 1834–1837
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and malaria infection rates overlap across sub-Saharan Africa, but factors influencing their co-occurrence are unclear. In a case-control study, we investigated whether malaria exposure increases risk of type 1 (HIV-1) acquisition. Prior to seroconverting, HIV-positive cases had significantly higher malaria-associated antibodies compared to HIV-negative controls, linking malaria exposure to HIV-1 acquisition.
Ralstonia pickettii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bloodstream Infections Associated With Contaminated Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Water Heater Devices
Meghan A Baker, Chanu Rhee, Robert Tucker, Vineeta Vaidya, Meghan Holtzman, Raghu R Seethala, Maria Bentain-Melanson, Jesslyn Lenox, Adam R Smith, Allison Gassett, Miriam Huntley, Mohamad Sater, Karen Reilly, Michael Klompas
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac379
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Pages 1838–1840
We report on probable factory-based contamination of portable water heaters with waterborne pathogens and 2 bloodstream infections potentially attributable to off-label use of these water heaters to warm extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuits. Great caution is warranted when using water-based devices to care for critically ill patients.
Evidence of Transmission and Circulation of Deltacron XD Recombinant Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Northwest France
Alice Moisan, Brice Mastrovito, Fabienne De Oliveira, Mélanie Martel, Hugues Hedin, Marie Leoz, Nicolas Nesi, Justine Schaeffer, Meriadeg Ar Gouilh, Jean-Christophe Plantier
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac360
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Pages 1841–1844
In February 2022, samples collected in northwest France showed discordant molecular results. After virological and epidemiological investigations, 17 cases of Deltacron XD recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 were confirmed by sequencing or suspected due to epidemiological links, showing evidence of an extended transmission event and circulation of this form, with low clinical severity.
The Lanzhou Brucella Leak: The Largest Laboratory Accident in the History of Infectious Diseases?
Georgios Pappas
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac463
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Pages 1845–1847
An inadequacy in sanitizing processes in a biopharmaceutical plant in Lanzhou, China, during July and August 2019, led to the aerosolization of Brucella that was subsequently spread through wind to nearby settlements and academic institutes, resulting in >10 000 human brucellosis cases, as of November 2020.
Beta-Lactam Antibiotic Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Rekha Pai Mangalore, Aadith Ashok, Sue J Lee, Lorena Romero, Trisha N Peel, Andrew A Udy, Anton Y Peleg
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac506
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Pages 1848–1860
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of beta-lactam antibiotics is recommended to address the variability in exposure observed in critical illness. However, the impact of TDM-guided dosing on clinical outcomes remains unknown.
New Onset Focal Tremor in Patient With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Pasquale F Finelli
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab960
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Pages 1861–186
Latent Tuberculosis Infection Care
Katherine M Gaskell, Timesh D Pillay, James Brown, Moerida Belton, Stephen O Mepham, David A J Moore, Marc Lipman
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac582
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Page 1864
Reply to Gaskell et al
Samuel B Holzman, Allison Perry, Chris Keh, Katya Salcedo, Masahiro Narita, Amina Ahmed, Dolly Katz, Amy Krueger, Maunank Shah
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac583
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Page 1864
How Flu-like Syndromes Contribute to Termination of Weekly Rifapentine-Based TB Preventive Therapy Is Still Poorly Predictable
Kwok-Chiu Chang, Shan-Shan Huang
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac573
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Pages 1865–1866
2-[18F]Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: Do We Already Know Enough?
David Tijmen Paulus Buis, Jan Marinus Prins, Kim Catherina Eve Sigaloff
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac559
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Page 1867
Reply to Chang and Huang
Hung-Ling Huang, Jung-Yu Lee, Jinn-Moon Yang, Inn-Wen Chong, Jann-Yuan Wang
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac574
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Page 1867
Integrating Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Specific Elements in the Treatment of Tobacco Dependence (ANRS 144 Inter-ACTIV)
Tangui Barré, Laetitia Moinot, Bruno Spire, Camelia Protopopescu, Morgane Bureau, Julie Arsandaux, Camille Gilbert, Patrick Mercié, Fabienne Marcellin, ANRS 144 Inter-ACTIV Study Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac538
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 10, 15 November 2022, Pages 1868–1871
