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What Clinicians Need to Know About the Development of Long-Acting Formulations
Charles Flexner, David L Thomas, Polly Clayden, Susan Swindells
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac749
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_4, 1 December 2022, Pages S487–S489
A Holistic Review of the Preclinical Landscape for Long-Acting Anti-infective Drugs Using HIV as a Paradigm
Megan Neary, Andrew Owen, Adeniyi Olagunju
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac685
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_4, 1 December 2022, Pages S490–S497
Lack of predictive preclinical models is a key contributor to the steep attrition rate in drug development. Successful clinical translation may be higher for new chemical entities or existing approved drugs reformulated for long-acting (LA) administration if preclinical studies designed to identify any new uncertainties are predictive of human exposure and response.
Long-Acting Formulations for the Prevention and Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Infection: Strategic Leveraging and Integration of Multidisciplinary Knowledge to Advance Public Health
Vikram Arya, Aimee C Hodowanec, Stephanie B Troy, Kimberly A Struble
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac671
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_4, 1 December 2022, Pages S498–S501
The landscape for the development of therapeutics for prevention and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection has pivoted towards long-acting antiretrovirals (LA-ARVs). LA-ARVs have the potential to transform global implementation of HIV-1 prevention and treatment strategies.
The LEAP Process: Streamlining the Development of Long-Acting Products and Formulations for Infectious Diseases
Charles Flexner, Marco Siccardi, Fazila Bunglawala, Andrew Owen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac750
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_4, 1 December 2022, Pages S502–S509
Developing long-acting products and formulations for infectious diseases is a nontrivial undertaking that is frequently classified as high risk and low reward by the pharmaceutical industry. The Long-Acting/Extended Release Antiretroviral Research Resource Program (LEAP) was founded in 2015 with the support of the National Institutes of Health to encourage, promote, and accelerate the development of such products.
Potential Impact of Long-Acting Products on the Control of Tuberculosis: Preclinical Advancements and Translational Tools in Preventive Treatment
Nicole C Ammerman, Eric L Nuermberger, Andrew Owen, Steve P Rannard, Caren Freel Meyers, Susan Swindells
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac672
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_4, 1 December 2022, Pages S510–S516,
A key component of global tuberculosis (TB) control is the treatment of latent TB infection. The use of long-acting technologies to administer TB preventive treatment has the potential to significantly improve the delivery and impact of this important public health intervention.
Long-Acting Treatments for Hepatitis B
David L Thomas, Jennifer J Kiser, Marc M Baum
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac718
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_4, 1 December 2022, Pages S517–S524
There are an estimated 257 million persons living with chronic hepatitis B for whom there are multiple potential applications of long-acting antiviral compounds. Current efforts include both injection and implant approaches to formulating derivates of existing anti-HBV compounds such as tenofovir or entecavir.
Prospects for Long-Acting Treatments for Hepatitis C
David L Thomas, Andrew Owen, Jennifer J Kiser
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac715
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_4, 1 December 2022, Pages S525–S529
In 2019, more than 4 years after the widespread availability of safe, oral, curative treatments, an estimated 58 million people were living with hepatitis C virus infections (PLWHC).
Monoclonal Antibodies as Long-Acting Products: What Are We Learning From Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)?
Marina Caskey, Daniel R Kuritzkes
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac751
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_4, 1 December 2022, Pages S530–S540
Broadly neutralizing antibodies directed against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) offer promise as long-acting agents for prevention and treatment of HIV. Progress and challenges are discussed. Lessons may be learned from the development of monoclonal antibodies to treat and prevent COVID-19.
Barriers to Uptake of Long-Acting Antiretroviral Products for Treatment and Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in High-Income Countries
Stanley E Cooper, Joshua Rosenblatt, Roy M Gulick
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac716
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_4, 1 December 2022, Pages S541–S548
Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (LAI-ART) for the treatment and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) holds great potential to shift treatment paradigms by offering an alternative to daily oral medication.
Barriers to Uptake of Long-Acting Antiretroviral Products for Treatment and Prevention of HIV in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs)
Cissy Kityo, Claudia P Cortes, Nittaya Phanuphak, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Francois Venter
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac752
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_4, 1 December 2022, Pages S549–S556
Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (LA ART) has been found to be non-inferior to daily oral ART in phase 3 clinical trials and is poised to soon enter routine clinical care. This treatment modality has the potential to address many barriers to daily oral ART adherence among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and for HIV Pre-Exposure prevention.
Transitioning Long-Acting Products to a Generic Marketplace: What's Missing?
David H Brown Ripin, Kelly Catlin, Linda Lewis, Danielle Resar, Carolyn Amole, Robert C Bollinger, Charles Flexner
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac753
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_4, 1 December 2022, Pages S557–S561
Development of and increased access to generic oral medications to treat high-burden diseases including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis, viral hepatitis, and malaria have had a major impact on reducing global morbidity and mortality.
Potential of Long-Acting Products to Transform the Treatment and Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Infants, Children, and Adolescents
Elaine J Abrams, Edmund Capparelli, Theodore Ruel, Mark Mirochnick
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac754
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_4, 1 December 2022, Pages S562–S570
Long-acting antiretroviral products have the potential to transform human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention and treatment approaches in pediatric populations. Broadly neutralizing antibodies and/or long-acting antiretroviral formulations by injection could dramatically improve provision of HIV prophylaxis and/or early treatment to newborns and infants at risk of HIV infection.
Considerations for the Use of Long-Acting and Extended-Release Agents During Pregnancy and Lactation
Adeniyi Olagunju, Jyoti Mathad, Ahizechukwu Eke, Sinead Delaney-Moretlwe, Shahin Lockman
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac659
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue Supplement_4, 1 December 2022, Pages S571–S578
Long-acting agents hold significant promise for treating and preventing common illnesses, including infections. Pharmacokinetic and safety data during pregnancy and lactation are often unavailable for new drugs; these data are vital to facilitate optimal drug use by pregnant and lactating women and women who may conceive.
In the Literature
Stan Deresinski
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac837
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages i–ii
A Single Dose of BNT162b2 Messenger RNA Vaccine Induces Airway Immunity in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Naive and Recovered Coronavirus Disease 2019 Subjects
Emanuela Martinuzzi, Jonathan Benzaquen, Olivier Guerin, Sylvie Leroy, Thomas Simon, Marius Ilie, Véronique Hofman, Maryline Allegra, Virginie Tanga, Emeline Michel, Jacques Boutros, Charlotte Maniel, Antoine Sicard, Nicolas Glaichenhaus, Cecil Czerkinsky, Philippe Blancou, Paul Hofman, Charles H Marquette
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac378
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2053–2059
Mucosal antibodies can prevent virus entry and replication in mucosal epithelial cells and therefore virus shedding. Parenteral booster injection of a vaccine against a mucosal pathogen promotes stronger mucosal immune responses following prior mucosal infection compared with injections of a parenteral vaccine in a mucosally naive subject. We investigated whether this was also the case for the BNT162b2 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) messenger RNA vaccine.
Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors Are Associated With Incident Diabetes Mellitus in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Jane A O’Halloran, John Sahrmann, Luis Parra-Rodriguez, Daniel T Vo, Anne M Butler, Margaret A Olsen, William G Powderly
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac355
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2060–2065
Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are associated with weight gain in people with HIV (PWH). Less is known about the risk of other metabolic outcomes such as diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia.
Impact of a Rapid Molecular Test for Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase and Ceftazidime-Avibactam Use on Outcomes After Bacteremia Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales
Michael J Satlin, Liang Chen, Angela Gomez-Simmonds, Jamie Marino, Gregory Weston, Tanaya Bhowmick, Susan K Seo, Steven J Sperber, Angela C Kim, Brandon Eilertson, Sierra Derti, Stephen G Jenkins, Michael H Levi, Melvin P Weinstein, Yi-Wei Tang, Tao Hong, Stefan Juretschko, Katherine L Hoffman, Thomas J Walsh, Lars F Westblade, Anne-Catrin Uhlemann, Barry N Kreiswirth
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac354
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2066–2075
Patients with bacteremia due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) experience delays until appropriate therapy and high mortality rates. Rapid molecular diagnostics for carbapenemases and new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors may improve outcomes.
Rapid Diagnostics for Antibiotic Resistance: Urgent Need for Strong Clinical Evidence
Yin Mo
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac358
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2076–2078
Clinical Validation of a Novel T-Cell Receptor Sequencing Assay for Identification of Recent or Prior Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
Sudeb C Dalai, Jennifer N Dines, Thomas M Snyder, Rachel M Gittelman, Tera Eerkes, Pashmi Vaney, Sally Howard, Kipp Akers, Lynell Skewis, Anthony Monteforte, Pamela R Witte, Cristina Wolf, Hans Nesse, Megan Herndon, Jia Qadeer, Sarah Duffy, Emily Svejnoha, Caroline Taromino, Ian M Kaplan, John Alsobrook, Thomas Manley, Lance Baldo
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac353
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2079–2087
While diagnostic, therapeutic, and vaccine development in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has proceeded at unprecedented speed, critical gaps in our understanding of the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remain unaddressed by current diagnostic strategies.
Antibody Response of Heterologous vs Homologous Messenger RNA Vaccine Boosters Against the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Variant: Interim Results from the PRIBIVAC Study, a Randomized Clinical Trial
Xuan Ying Poh, Chee Wah Tan, I Russel Lee, Jean-Marc Chavatte, Siew-Wai Fong, Tessa Prince, Catherine Hartley, Aileen Y Y Yeoh, Suma Rao, Po Ying Chia, Sean W X Ong, Tau Hong Lee, Sapna P Sadarangani, Ray J H Lin, Clarissa Lim, Jefanie Teo, Daniel R X Lim, Wanni Chia, Julian A Hiscox, Lisa F P Ng, Ee Chee Ren, Raymond T P Lin, Laurent Renia, David Chien Lye, Lin-Fa Wang, Barnaby E Young
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac345
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2088–2096
Waning antibody levels post-vaccination and the emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) capable of evading protective immunity have raised the need for booster vaccinations. However, which combination of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines offers the strongest immune response against the Omicron variant is unknown.
Assessment of the Effectiveness of Omicron Transmission Mitigation Strategies for European Universities Using an Agent-Based Network Model
Jana Lasser, Timotheus Hell, David Garcia
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac340
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2097–2103
Returning universities to full on-campus operations while the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is ongoing has been a controversial discussion in many countries. The risk of large outbreaks in dense course settings is contrasted by the benefits of in-person teaching.
Unsuspected Clonal Spread of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Causing Bloodstream Infections in Hospitalized Adults Detected Using Whole Genome Sequencing
Brooke M Talbot, Natasia F Jacko, Robert A Petit, III, David A Pegues, Margot J Shumaker, Timothy D Read, Michael Z David
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac339
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2104–2112
Though detection of transmission clusters of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections is a priority for infection control personnel in hospitals, the transmission dynamics of MRSA among hospitalized patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs) has not been thoroughly studied. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of MRSA isolates for surveillance is valuable for detecting outbreaks in hospitals, but the bioinformatic approaches used are diverse and difficult to compare.
A Cross-sectional Study of Patients With Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis and Normal Chest Radiographs — What Characteristics Were Associated With Sputum Culture Positivity?
Victoria Le, Lisa Pascopella, Janice Westenhouse, Pennan Barry
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac338
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2113–2118
Recognizing pulmonary involvement in tuberculosis (TB) patients is necessary to prevent TB transmission. We describe frequency and characteristics of patients with extrapulmonary TB (EPTB), normal chest radiographs, and positive sputum culture.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Is Associated With Elevated FibroScan–Aspartate Aminotransferase (FAST) Score
Jennifer C Price, Yifei Ma, Mark H Kuniholm, Adaora A Adimora, Margaret Fischl, Audrey L French, Elizabeth T Golub, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Howard Minkoff, Ighovwerha Ofotokun, Michael Plankey, Anjali Sharma, Phyllis C Tien
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac337
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2119–2127
Whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains unclear. The FibroScan–aspartate aminotransferase (FAST) score was developed to identify patients who have histologic NASH with high nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS ≥4) and significant liver fibrosis (≥F2), which has been associated with higher risk of end-stage liver disease. We examined whether HIV infection is associated with elevated FAST score in a large United States (US) cohort.
Airflow Patterns in Double-Occupancy Patient Rooms May Contribute to Roommate-to-Roommate Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
Jennifer L Cadnum, Annette L Jencson, Heba Alhmidi, Trina F Zabarsky, Curtis J Donskey
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac334
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2128–2134
Hospitalized patients are at risk to acquire severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from roommates with unrecognized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We hypothesized that airflow patterns might contribute to SARS-CoV-2 transmission in double-occupancy patient rooms.
Cumulative Incidence and Risk Factors for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 in French People With Cystic Fibrosis
Harriet Corvol, Sandra de Miranda, Clémence Dehillotte, Lydie Lemonnier, Raphael Chiron, Isabelle Danner-Boucher, Rebecca Hamidfar, Véronique Houdouin, Julie Macey, Christophe Marguet, Marlène Murris-Espin, Quitterie Reynaud, Philippe Reix, Martine Reynaud Gaubert, Astrid Kemgang, Pierre-Régis Burgel, French Cystic Fibrosis Reference Network Study Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac333
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2135–2144
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections are closely monitored in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), especially severe cases. Previous studies used hospitalization rates as proxy for severity.
Oral Swab Specimens Tested With Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra Assay for Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study
Helen Cox, Lesley Workman, Lindy Bateman, Zoe Franckling-Smith, Margaretha Prins, Juaneta Luiz, Judi Van Heerden, Lemese Ah Tow Edries, Samantha Africa, Veronica Allen, Cynthia Baard, Widaad Zemanay, Mark P Nicol, Heather J Zar
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac332
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2145–2152
Microbiologic diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis may be difficult. Oral swab specimens are a potential noninvasive alternative to sputum specimens for diagnosis.
Genomic Analysis of Group B Streptococcus from Neonatal Sepsis Reveals Clonal CC17 Expansion and Virulence- and Resistance-Associated Traits After Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Yan Zhou, Lin-Qi Wang, Qing Yan, Chien-Chung Lee, Mei-Hua Hsu, Wan-Ting Liao, Liang Zhang, Cheng-Hsun Chiu
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac331
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2153–2160
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of invasive neonatal infections. This study aimed to investigate the trend of GBS serotype and genotype change and their correlation with antimicrobial resistance before and after implementation of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP).
Relative Vaccine Effectiveness of a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Messenger RNA Vaccine Booster Dose Against the Omicron Variant
Adeel A Butt, Victor B Talisa, Obaid S Shaikh, Saad B Omer, Florian B Mayr
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac328
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2161–2168,
The current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines may be less effective against the Omicron variant than against earlier variants. With recent resurgence of SARS-CoV-2 cases, the role of booster doses of the vaccine needs to be highlighted.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Boosting in Previously Infected or Vaccinated Individuals
Nabin K Shrestha, Priyanka Shrestha, Patrick C Burke, Amy S Nowacki, Paul Terpeluk, Steven M Gordon
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac327
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2169–2177
The purpose of this study was to determine whether boosting previously infected or vaccinated individuals with a vaccine developed for an earlier variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) protects against the Omicron variant.
The Impact of Vitamin A Deficiency on Tuberculosis Progression
Brendan K Podell, Omowunmi Aibana, Chuan-Chin Huang, James E DiLisio, Macallister C Harris, David F Ackart, Kody Armann, Alexander Grover, Patrice Severe, Marc Antoine Jean Juste, Kathryn Dupnik, Randall J Basaraba, Megan B Murray
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac326
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2178–2185
Although previous studies have shown that vitamin A deficiency is associated with incident tuberculosis (TB) disease, the direction of the association has not been established. We investigated the impact of vitamin A deficiency on TB disease progression.
Effectiveness of Messenger RNA–based Vaccines During the Emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Variant
Aditya Sharma, Gina Oda, Mark Holodniy
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac325
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2186–2192
We evaluated the effectiveness of mRNA-based vaccines following emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.
Impact of Vaccination and Early Monoclonal Antibody Therapy on Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outcomes in Organ Transplant Recipients During the Omicron Wave
Javier T Solera, Berta G �rbol, Abdullah Alshahrani, Ilona Bahinskaya, Nikki Marks, Atul Humar, Deepali Kumar
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac324
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2193–2200
Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at high risk for complications from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and vaccine breakthrough infections are common. We determined the effectiveness of ≥3 doses of mRNA vaccine and early monoclonal antibody therapy in reducing disease severity against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant.
Low Body Mass Index at Treatment Initiation and Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis
Jonathon R Campbell, Edward D Chan, Dennis Falzon, Anete Trajman, Salmaan Keshavjee, Chi C Leung, Ann C Miller, Ignacio Monedero-Recuero, Denise S Rodrigues, Haesook Seo, Parvaneh Baghaei, Zarir Udwadia, Piret Viiklepp, Mayara Bastos, Dick Menzies
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac322
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2201–2210
The impact of low body mass index (BMI) at initiation of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) treatment on outcomes is uncertain. We evaluated the association between BMI at RR-TB treatment initiation and end-of-treatment outcomes.
Sexually Transmitted Infections in Pregnant People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Temporal Trends, Demographic Correlates, and Association With Preterm Birth
Marisa R Young, Carly Broadwell, Deborah Kacanek, Ellen G Chadwick, Jennifer Jao, Anna-Barbara Moscicki, Kathleen Powis, Katherine Tassiopoulos, Lynn M Yee, Lisa B Haddad, for the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac321
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2211–2218
We describe trends in prevalence and identify factors associated with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), syphilis, and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) diagnosed in pregnancy among US people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) and evaluate associations of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with preterm birth (PTB).
The Effect of Macrolides on Mortality in Bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia: A Retrospective, Nationwide Cohort Study, Israel, 2009–2017
Michal Chowers, Shiran Gerassy-Vainberg, Ronit Cohen-Poradosu, Yonit Wiener-Well, Jihad Bishara, Yasmin Maor, Oren Zimhony, Bibiana Chazan, Bat-sheva Gottesman, Ron Dagan, Gili Regev-Yochay, IAIPD research group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac317
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2219–2224
Previous cohort studies of pneumonia patients reported lower mortality with advanced macrolides. Our aim was to characterize antibiotic treatment patterns and assess the role of quinolones or macrolides in empirical therapy.
Comparison of Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Influenza Patients Requiring Supplemental Oxygen in a Cohort Study: Clinical Impact and Resource Consumption
Inmaculada López Montesinos, Itziar Arrieta-Aldea, Aitor Dicastillo, Flavio Zuccarino, Luisa Sorli, Roberto Guerri-Fernández, Isabel Arnau-Barrés, Maria Milagro Montero, Ana Siverio-Parès, Xavier Durán, Maria del Mar Arenas, Ariadna Brasé Arnau, Esperanza Cañas-Ruano, Silvia Castañeda, Ignacio Domingo Kamber, Joan Gómez-Junyent, Iván PelegrÃn, Francisca Sánchez MartÃnez, Elena Sendra, LucÃa Suaya Leiro, Judit Villar-GarcÃa, Xavier Nogués, Santiago Grau, Hernando Knobel, Silvia Gomez-Zorrilla, Juan Pablo Horcajada, COVID-MAR Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac314
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2225–2238
To compare clinical characteristics, outcomes, and resource consumption of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and seasonal influenza requiring supplemental oxygen.
Transcriptional Analysis for Tuberculosis in Pregnant Women From the PRegnancy Associated Changes In Tuberculosis Immunology (PRACHITi) Study
Jyoti S Mathad, Artur T L Queiroz, Ramesh Bhosale, Mallika Alexander, Shilpa Naik, Vandana Kulkarni, Bruno B Andrade, Amita Gupta
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac437
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2239–2242
A new tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic cartridge assay, which detects a 3-gene TB signature in whole blood, was not diagnostic in women with maternal TB disease in India (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.72). In a cohort of pregnant women, we identified a novel gene set for TB diagnosis (AUC = 0.97) and one for TB progression (AUC = 0.96).
Comparison of Waning Neutralizing Antibody Responses Against the Omicron Variant 6 Months After Natural Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection (With or Without Subsequent Coronavirus Disease 2019 [COVID-19] Vaccination) Versus 2-Dose COVID-19 Vaccination
So Yun Lim, Soonju Park, Ji Yeun Kim, Seungtaek Kim, Youngmee Jee, Sung-Han Kim
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac435
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2243–2246
Following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, subsequent ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination induced similar neutralizing antibody levels against the original strain but significantly higher levels against the Omicron variant compared to those who were not vaccinated. Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibited higher neutralization antibody titers than vaccination alone for both original strains and the Omicron variant.
Exposure Outcomes in Fully Vaccinated Healthcare Personnel With Known Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Exposure—Minnesota, January–August 2021
Abbey Ruhland, Ashley Fell, Stacy M Holzbauer, Paige D’Heilly, Kris Curtis, Holly Wick, Bree Friedman, Erica Mumm, Malia Ireland, Carrie Estey-Dix, Melissa Betts-Roelike, Amanda Beaudoin
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac431
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2247–2249
Healthcare personnel (HCP) are at potential risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in occupational and nonoccupational settings, even when fully vaccinated. This risk increased during Delta variant circulation. SARS-CoV-2 testing of fully vaccinated HCP working in the 14 days after exposure is important to prevent virus introduction into healthcare settings.
First Case of Human Brucella canis Infection in the Netherlands
Eva Kolwijck, Suzanne P M Lutgens, Vanessa X N Visser, Marjan J van Apeldoorn, Heather Graham, Ad P Koets, Michelle M W P Schrauwen, Frans A G Reubsaet, Els M Broens, Laetitia M Kortbeek
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac425
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2250–2252,
A patient was diagnosed with Brucella canis following exposure to infected dogs in her breeding facility. Transboundary spread of B. canis through (illegal) import of infected dogs to non-endemic countries in Europe suggest that B. canis infection should be considered in European patients with occupational exposure to dogs.
Cumulative Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Incidence (Measured Primarily by Tuberculin Skin Test) Among Infants With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Exposure: Observational Follow-up of an Isoniazid Prophylaxis Trial
Sylvia M LaCourse, Jaclyn N Escudero, Jerphason Mecha, A J Warr, Barbra A Richardson, Naziat Carimo, Lisa M Cranmer, Elizabeth Maleche-Obimbo, Daniel Matemo, John Kinuthia, Thomas R Hawn, Grace John-Stewart
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac393
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2253–2256
Cumulative 24-month Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection incidence (measured primarily by tuberculin skin test [TST]) was high among human immunodeficiency virus exposed but uninfected infants (8.7 [95% confidence interval, 6.3–11.9] per 100 person-years). Trend for decreased TST positivity among infants at trial end (12 months postenrollment) randomized to isoniazid at 6 weeks of age was not sustained through observational follow-up to 24 months of age.
Enhanced Liver Fibrosis Score Stratifies Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk in Patients With Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroclearance
Lung-Yi Mak, Ka-Shing Cheung, Rex Wan-Hin Hui, Danny Ka-Ho Wong, James Fung, Man-Fung Yuen, Wai-Kay Seto
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac387
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2257–2259
In this prospective study involving 337 chronic hepatitis B patients who achieved spontaneous hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance (SC), serum enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) before SC was associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (hazard ratio 2.588), and ELF <10.8 was associated with >97% reduction in risk of HCC development in patients with age SC ≥ 50 (n = 190).
Antimicrobial Prescribing in the Telehealth Setting: Framework for Stewardship During a Period of Rapid Acceleration Within Primary Care
Kathryn Sine, Haley Appaneal, David Dosa, Kerry L LaPlante
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac598
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2260–2265
Antibiotic resistance is a global public health threat. The use of telehealth in primary care presents unique barriers to antimicrobial stewardship, including limited physical examination and changes to the patient-provider relationship.
Duration of Protection After Vaccination Against Yellow Fever: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Kerstin Kling, Cristina Domingo, Christian Bogdan, Steven Duffy, Thomas Harder, Jeremy Howick, Jos Kleijnen, Kevin McDermott, Ole Wichmann, Annelies Wilder-Smith, Robert Wolff
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac580
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2266–2274
The duration of protection after a single dose of yellow fever vaccine is a matter of debate. To summarize the current knowledge, we performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Studies on the duration of protection after 1 and ≥2 vaccine doses were reviewed.
A Painful Breast Mass
Samkeliso Blundell, Manjiri Deshmukh, Alastair McGregor
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac250
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2275–2277
Epidemiological Study of the Effectiveness of Paxlovid
Hui-Yuan Chen, Renin Chang, James Cheng-Chung Wei
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac664
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Page 2278
Methodological Concerns Regarding a Retrospective Study With Real-World Data on Paxlovid in Israel
Sana Uchikoba, Gen Yamada, Shinya Tsuzuki
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac665
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2278–2279,
Use of Ritonavir-Boosted Nirmatrelvir in Pregnancy
George K Siberry, Lynne M Mofenson, Alexandra Calmy, Uma M Reddy, Elaine J Abrams
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac666
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2279–2281
Statin Needs to be Continued During Paxlovid Therapy in COVID-19
Alpo Vuorio, Petri T Kovanen, Frederick Raal
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac667
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2281–2282
Reply to Chen et al, Uchikoba et al, Siberry et al, and Vuorio et al
Ronza Najjar-Debbiny, Naomi Gronich, Gabriel Weber, Johad Khoury, Lee Hilary Goldstein, Walid Saliba
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac668
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2282–2283
Antibiotic Treatment Duration for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children in High-Income Countries—GRADE Issues
Zhifan Li, Ya Gao, Junqiang Lei
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac610
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages 2283–2284
Reply to Li et al
Ilari Kuitunen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac611
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Page 2284
2022 CID Reviewer Recognition List
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac819
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 12, 15 December 2022, Pages e878–e886
