دسترسی یکساله به بیش از ۵۰۰ ژورنال روز جهان موجود در سامانه
-
http://medilib.ir
- ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ : 365 ﺭﻭﺯ
قیمت : 3,800,000 تومان- قیمت ویژه : 1,900,000تومان
In the Literature
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac929
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages i–ii
Heroin Use Is Associated With Vascular Inflammation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Corrilynn O Hileman, Jared C Durieux, Scott E Janus, Emily Bowman, Aaren Kettelhut, Trong-Tuong Nguyen, Ann K Avery, Nicholas Funderburg, Claire Sullivan, Grace A McComsey
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac812
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 375–381
Heroin use may work synergistically with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to cause greater immune dysregulation than either factor alone. Unraveling how this affects end-organ disease is key as it may play a role in the excess mortality seen in people with HIV (PWH) who use heroin despite access to care and antiretroviral therapy.
Impact of Respiratory Infection and Chronic Comorbidities on Early Pediatric Antibiotic Dispensing in the United States
Stephen M Kissler, Bill Wang, Ateev Mehrotra, Michael Barnett, Yonatan H Grad
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac811
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 382–388
In the United States, children aged <5 years receive high volumes of antibiotics, which may contribute to antibiotic resistance. It has been unclear what role preventable illnesses and chronic comorbidities play in prompting antibiotic prescriptions.
Clinical Presentation, Treatment Response, and Virology Outcomes of Women Who Seroconverted in the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring Trials—The Ring Study and DREAM
John Steytler, Elna van der Ryst, Charles Craig, Ben Van Baelen, Jeremy Nuttall, Neliëtte van Niekerk, John Mellors, Urvi Parikh, Carole Wallis, for the IPM 007 Study Team
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac804
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 389–397
Participants with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion in The Ring Study, a phase 3 trial of dapivirine vaginal ring (DVR), or in the open-label extension trial dapivirine ring extended access and monitoring (DREAM) were offered enrollment in an observational cohort study (IPM 007) to assess clinical presentation and response to antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Safety and Efficacy of the NVX-CoV2373 Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine at Completion of the Placebo-Controlled Phase of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Paul T Heath, Eva P Galiza, David Neil Baxter, Marta Boffito, Duncan Browne, Fiona Burns, David R Chadwick, Rebecca Clark, Catherine A Cosgrove, James Galloway, Anna L Goodman, Amardeep Heer, Andrew Higham, Shalini Iyengar, Christopher Jeanes, Philip A Kalra, Christina Kyriakidou, Judy M Bradley, Chigomezgo Munthali, Angela M Minassian, Fiona McGill, Patrick Moore, Imrozia Munsoor, Helen Nicholls, Orod Osanlou, Jonathan Packham, Carol H Pretswell, Alberto San Francisco Ramos, Dinesh Saralaya, Ray P Sheridan, Richard Smith, Roy L Soiza, Pauline A Swift, Emma C Thomson, Jeremy Turner, Marianne Elizabeth Viljoen, Louis Fries, Iksung Cho, Irene McKnight, Greg Glenn, E Joy Rivers, Andreana Robertson, Katia Alves, Kathy Smith, Seth Toback
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac803
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 398–407,
The recombinant protein-based vaccine, NVX-CoV2373, demonstrated 89.7% efficacy against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a phase 3, randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled trial in the United Kingdom. The protocol was amended to include a blinded crossover. Data to the end of the placebo-controlled phase are reported.
Rapid Selection of Sotrovimab Escape Variants in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron-Infected Immunocompromised Patients
Smaranda Gliga, Nadine Lübke, Alexander Killer, Henning Gruell, Andreas Walker, Alexander T Dilthey, Alexander Thielen, Carolin Lohr, Charlotte Flaßhove, Sarah Krieg, Joanna Ventura Pereira, Tobias Paul Seraphin, Alex Zaufel, Martin Däumer, Hans-Martin Orth, Torsten Feldt, Johannes G Bode, Florian Klein, Jörg Timm, Tom Luedde, Björn-Erik Ole Jensen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac802
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 408–415
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are predominantly less effective against Omicron variants. Immunocompromised patients often experience prolonged viral shedding, resulting in an increased risk of viral escape.
Validation of ASCL1 and LHX8 Methylation Analysis as Primary Cervical Cancer Screening Strategy in South African Women with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Frederique J Vink, Chris J L M Meijer, Birgit I Lissenberg-Witte, Cathy Visser, Sylvia Duin, Leon C Snyman, Karin L Richter, Frederick H van der Merwe, Matthys H Botha, Renske D M Steenbergen, Greta Dreyer
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac801
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 416–423
Compared with women who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative, women with human immunodeficiency virus (WWH) have a higher human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and increased cervical cancer risk, emphasizing the need for effective cervical cancer screening in this population. The present study aimed to validate methylation markers ASCL1 and LHX8 for primary screening in a South African cohort of WWH.
Leveraging Serosurveillance and Postmortem Surveillance to Quantify the Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Africa
Nicole E Kogan, Shae Gantt, David Swerdlow, Cécile Viboud, Muhammed Semakula, Marc Lipsitch, Mauricio Santillana
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac797
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 424–432
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a devastating impact on global health, the magnitude of which appears to differ intercontinentally: For example, reports suggest that 271 900 per million people have been infected in Europe versus 8800 per million people in Africa.
Evaluation of an Opt-Out Protocol for Antibiotic De-Escalation in Patients With Suspected Sepsis: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Rebekah W Moehring, Michael E Yarrington, Bobby G Warren, Yuliya Lokhnygina, Erica Atkinson, Allison Bankston, Julia Collucio, Michael Z David, Angelina E Davis, Janice Davis, Brandon Dionne, April P Dyer, Travis M Jones, Michael Klompas, David W Kubiak, John Marsalis, Jacqueline Omorogbe, Patricia Orajaka, Alice Parish, Todd Parker, Jeffrey C Pearson, Tonya Pearson, Christina Sarubbi, Christian Shaw, Justin Spivey, Robert Wolf, Rebekah H Wrenn, Elizabeth S Dodds Ashley, Deverick J Anderson, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Prevention Epicenters Program
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac787
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 433–442
Sepsis guidelines recommend daily review to de-escalate or stop antibiotics in appropriate patients. This randomized, controlled trial evaluated an opt-out protocol to decrease unnecessary antibiotics in patients with suspected sepsis.
The Impact of Extended Treatment With Artemether-lumefantrine on Antimalarial Exposure and Reinfection Risks in Ugandan Children With Uncomplicated Malaria: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Meghan E Whalen, Richard Kajubi, Justin Goodwin, Francis Orukan, McKenzie Colt, Liusheng Huang, Kacey Richards, Kaicheng Wang, Fangyong Li, Norah Mwebaza, Francesca T Aweeka, Sunil Parikh
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac783
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 443–452
Artemether-lumefantrine (AL) is the most widely used artemisinin-based combination therapy in Sub-Saharan Africa and is threatened by the emergence of artemisinin resistance.
Effectiveness of Molnupiravir in High-Risk Patients: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis
Ronza Najjar-Debbiny, Naomi Gronich, Gabriel Weber, Johad Khoury, Maisam Amar, Nili Stein, Lee Hilary Goldstein, Walid Saliba
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac781
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 453–460
Molnupiravir was granted emergency use authorization for the treatment of mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we used population-based real-world data to evaluate the effectiveness of molnupiravir.
Effect of Adopting the New Race-Free 2021 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Creatinine Equation on Racial Differences in Kidney Disease Progression Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: An Observational Study
Anthony N Muiru, Erin Madden, Rebecca Scherzer, Michael A Horberg, Michael J Silverberg, Marina B Klein, Angel M Mayor, M John Gill, Sonia Napravnik, Heidi M Crane, Vincent C Marconi, John R Koethe, Alison G Abraham, Keri N Althoff, Gregory M Lucas, Richard D Moore, Michael G Shlipak, Michelle M Estrella
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac731
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 461–468
The impact of adopting a race-free estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) creatinine (eGFRcr) equation on racial differences in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression among people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) is unknown.
Association Between Time to Appropriate Antimicrobial Treatment and 30-day Mortality in Patients With Bloodstream Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Jasper Van Heuverswyn, John Karlsson Valik, Suzanne Desirée van der Werff, Pontus Hedberg, Christian Giske, Pontus Nauclér
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac727
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 469–478
Effective antimicrobial treatment is key for survival in bloodstream infection (BSI), but the impact of timing of treatment remains unclear. Our aim was to assess the association between time to appropriate antimicrobial treatment and 30-day mortality in BSI patients.
Estimating Waning of Vaccine Effectiveness: A Simulation Study
Ariel Nikas, Hasan Ahmed, Veronika I Zarnitsyna
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac725
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 479–486
Developing accurate and reliable methods to estimate vaccine protection is a key goal in immunology and public health. While several statistical methods have been proposed, their potential inaccuracy in capturing fast intraseasonal waning of vaccine-induced protection needs to be rigorously investigated.
Outcomes of Partial Oral Antibiotic Treatment for Complicated Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia in People Who Inject Drugs
John A Wildenthal, Andrew Atkinson, Sophia Lewis, Sena Sayood, Nathanial S Nolan, Nicolo L Cabrera, Jonas Marschall, Michael J Durkin, Laura R Marks
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac714
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 487–496
Staphylococcus aureus represents the leading cause of complicated bloodstream infections among persons who inject drugs (PWID). Standard of care (SOC) intravenous (IV) antibiotics result in high rates of treatment success but are not feasible for some PWID. Transition to oral antibiotics may represent an alternative treatment option.
Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Determinants of Clinical Outcomes for Rifampin-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Multisite Prospective Cohort Study
Scott K Heysell, Stellah G Mpagama, Oleg B Ogarkov, Mark Conaway, Shahriar Ahmed, Svetlana Zhdanova, Suporn Pholwat, Mohammad H Alshaer, Anna M Chongolo, Buliga Mujaga, Margaretha Sariko, Sabrina Saba, S M Mazidur Rahman, Mohammad Khaja Mafij Uddin, Alexey Suzdalnitsky, Elena Moiseeva, Elena Zorkaltseva, Mikhail Koshcheyev, Serhiy Vitko, Blandina T Mmbaga, Gibson S Kibiki, Jotam G Pasipanodya, Charles A Peloquin, Sayera Banu, Eric R Houpt
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac511
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 497–505
Rifampin-resistant and/or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (RR/MDR-TB) treatment requires multiple drugs, and outcomes remain suboptimal. Some drugs are associated with improved outcome. It is unknown whether particular pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships predict outcome.
Transmission Blocking Activity of Low-dose Tafenoquine in Healthy Volunteers Experimentally Infected With Plasmodium falciparum
Rebecca Webster, Hayley Mitchell, Jenny M Peters, Juanita Heunis, Brighid O’Neill, Jeremy Gower, Sean Lynch, Helen Jennings, Fiona H Amante, Stacey Llewellyn, Louise Marquart, Adam J Potter, Geoffrey W Birrell, Michael D Edstein, G Dennis Shanks, James S McCarthy, Bridget E Barber
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac503
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 506–512
Blocking the transmission of parasites from humans to mosquitoes is a key component of malaria control. Tafenoquine exhibits activity against all stages of the malaria parasite and may have utility as a transmission blocking agent. We aimed to characterize the transmission blocking activity of low-dose tafenoquine.
Prevalence, Outcome, and Prevention of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection in Neonates Born to Women With Preconception Immunity (CHILd Study)
Daniele Lilleri, Beatrice Tassis, Lorenza Pugni, Andrea Ronchi, Carlo Pietrasanta, Arsenio Spinillo, Alessia Arossa, Cristian Achille, Patrizia Vergani, Sara Ornaghi, Silvia Riboni, Paolo Cavoretto, Massimo Candiani, Gerarda Gaeta, Federico Prefumo, Nicola Fratelli, Anna Fichera, Michele Vignali, Allegra Barbasetti Di Prun, Elisa Fabbri, Irene Cetin, Anna Locatelli, Sara Consonni, Simona Rutolo, Elena Miotto, Valeria Savasi, Maria Di Giminiani, Antonella Cromi, Sandro Binda, Loretta Fiorina, Milena Furione, Gabriela Cassinelli, Catherine Klersy, for the CHILd Study Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac482
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 513–520
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading infectious cause of congenital disabilities. We designed a prospective study to investigate the rate, outcome, and risk factors of congenital CMV (cCMV) infection in neonates born to immune women, and the potential need and effectiveness of hygiene recommendations in this population.
No Association of IFNL4 Genotype With Opportunistic Infections and Cancers Among Men With Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Infection
Michelle Z Fang, Sarah S Jackson, Ruth M Pfeiffer, Eun-Young Kim, Sabrina Chen, Shehnaz K Hussain, Lisa P Jacobson, Jeremy Martinson, Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson, Chloe L Thio, Priya Duggal, Steven Wolinsky, Thomas R O’Brien
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac447
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 521–527
IFNL4 genetic variants that are strongly associated with clearance of hepatitis C virus have been linked to risk of certain opportunistic infections (OIs) and cancers, including Kaposi sarcoma, cytomegalovirus infection, and herpes simplex virus infection. As the interferon (IFN) λ family plays a role in response to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, IFNL4 genotype might affect risk for a wide range of OIs/cancers.
Mpox Presenting as Proctitis in Men Who Have Sex With Men
Michal Yakubovsky, David Shasha, Shelley Reich, Luba Tau, Nadav Friedel, Ora Halutz, Michal Dekel, Suzy Meijer, Ronen Ben-Ami, Yael Paran
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac737
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 528–530
In our cohort of 70 patients of men who have sex with men (MSM) with mpox, more than one-third presented with proctitis. In two-thirds of proctitis patients, there was no typical rash upon presentation, and in one-fifth, there was no rash at all, making the diagnosis a challenge. A rectal swab for mpox polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be diagnostic.
Polyfunctional Antigen Specific CD4+ T cell Responses in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus/AIDS and Histoplasmosis Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
Maura Manion, Afroditi Boulougoura, Nuha Naqvi, Silvia Lucena Lage, Elizabeth Richards, Christopher Grivas, Elizabeth Laidlaw, Safia Kuriakose, Ana M Ortega-Villa, Saber Tadros, Gregg Roby, Adam Rupert, France Galindo, Megan Anderson, Alice Pau, George Deepe, Virginia Sheikh, Irini Sereti
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac514
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 531–534
In the combination antiretroviral era, there are limited data regarding the pathogenesis of histoplasmosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Providers Have a Responsibility to Discuss Options for Infant Feeding With Pregnant People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in High-Income Countries
Jennifer McKinney, Gayatri Mirani, Judy Levison
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac761
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 535–539
Influenza During the 2010–2020 Decade in the United States: Seasonal Outbreaks and Vaccine Interventions
Ryan E Malosh, Ian McGovern, Arnold S Monto
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac653
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 540–549
The 10 years between the last influenza pandemic and start of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic have been marked by great advances in our ability to follow influenza occurrence and determine vaccine effectiveness (VE), largely based on widespread use of the polymerase chain reaction assay.
Subacute Left Leg Pain in a 48-Year-Old Man Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and a Previous History of Plasmablastic Lymphoma
Amelia Shin, Stephen R Ritchie, Karen A Billington, Christopher J Hallot, Simon E Briggs
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac037
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 550–553
Recent Hybrid Plasma Better Neutralizes Omicron Sublineages Than Old Hyperimmune Serum
Daniele Focosi, Michael J Joyner, Arturo Casadevall
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac742
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Page 554
Reply to Focosi et al
Hana Golding, Surender Khurana
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac744
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 554–555
How to Interpret Parasite Persistence and Transmission to Mosquitoes After Antimalarial Treatment in Kenya?
Sara Lynn Blanken, Harouna Dit Massire Soumare, Chiara Andolina, Kjerstin Lanke, Teun Bousema
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac740
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 555–557
Reply to Blanken et al
Ben Andagalu, Oliver J Watson, Irene Onyango, Benjamin Opot, Raphael Okoth, Gladys Chemwor, Peter Sifuna, Dennis Juma, Agnes Cheruiyot, Redemptah Yeda, Charles Okudo, Jackline Wafubwa, Santos Yalwala, David Abuom, Bernhards Ogutu, Jessica Cowden, Hoseah M Akala, Edwin Kamau
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac741
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 557–559
Correction to: Maribavir for Refractory Cytomegalovirus Infections With or Without Resistance Post-Transplant: Results From a Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac970
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Page 560
Correction to: Longitudinal Immune Response to 3 Doses of Messenger RNA Vaccine Against Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Pediatric Patients Receiving Chemotherapy for Cancer
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac964
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 560–561
Correction to: Prevention of Neisseria gonorrhoeae With Meningococcal B Vaccine: A Matched Cohort Study in Southern California
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac936
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Page 561
Correction to: Group A Streptococcal Disease in Long-Term Care Facilities: Descriptive Epidemiology and Potential Control Measures
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac382
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Page 562
Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Vaccination and Booster on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Symptom Severity Over Time in the COVID-OUT Trial
David R Boulware, Thomas A Murray, Jennifer L Proper, Christopher J Tignanelli, John B Buse, David M Liebovitz, Jacinda M Nicklas, Kenneth Cohen, Michael A Puskarich, Hrishikesh K Belani, Lianne K Siegel, Nichole R Klatt, David J Odde, Amy B Karger, Nicholas E Ingraham, Katrina M Hartman, Via Rao, Aubrey A Hagen, Barkha Patel, Sarah L Fenno, Nandini Avula, Neha V Reddy, Spencer M Erickson, Sarah Lindberg, Regina Fricton, Samuel Lee, Adnin Zaman, Hanna G Saveraid, Walker J Tordsen, Matthew F Pullen, Nancy E Sherwood, Jared D Huling, Carolyn T Bramante, for the COVID-OUT study team
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac772
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1–e9
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination has decreasing protection from acquiring any infection with emergence of new variants; however, vaccination continues to protect against progression to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The impact of vaccination status on symptoms over time is less clear.
Favipiravir in Patients With Early Mild-to-moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Yoav Golan, Jesus Abraham Simon Campos, Rob Woolson, Donald Cilla, Rodolfo Hanabergh, Yaneicy Gonzales-Rojas, Reynaldo Lopez, Robert Finberg, Armand Balboni
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac712
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e10–e17
Despite vaccination, many remain vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its complications. Oral antivirals to prevent COVID-19 progression are vital. Based on perceived potency and clinical efficacy, favipiravir is widely used to treat COVID-19. Evidence from large randomized controlled trials (RCT) is lacking.
Clinical Severity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Variant Relative to Delta in British Columbia, Canada: A Retrospective Analysis of Whole-Genome Sequenced Cases
Sean P Harrigan, James Wilton, Mei Chong, Younathan Abdia, Hector Velasquez Garcia, Caren Rose, Marsha Taylor, Sharmistha Mishra, Beate Sander, Linda Hoang, John Tyson, Mel Krajden, Natalie Prystajecky, Naveed Z Janjua, Hind Sbihi
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac705
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e18–e25
In late 2021, the Omicron severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variant emerged and rapidly replaced Delta as the dominant variant.
Impact of the Use of Oral Antiviral Agents on the Risk of Hospitalization in Community Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients (COVID-19)
Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip, Grace Chung-Yan Lui, Mandy Sze-Man Lai, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Yee-Kit Tse, Bosco Hon-Ming Ma, Elsie Hui, Maria K W Leung, Henry Lik-Yuen Chan, David Shu-Cheong Hui, Grace Lai-Hung Wong
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac687
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e26–e33
We examined the effectiveness of molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in reducing hospitalization and deaths in a real-world cohort of nonhospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
The Disproportionate Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Healthcare-Associated Infections in Community Hospitals: Need for Expanding the Infectious Disease Workforce
Sonali D Advani, Emily Sickbert-Bennett, Rebekah Moehring, Andrea Cromer, Yuliya Lokhnygina, Elizabeth Dodds-Ashley, Ibukunoluwa C Kalu, Lauren DiBiase, David J Weber, Deverick J Anderson, for the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac684
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e34–e41
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a considerable impact on US healthcare systems, straining hospital resources, staff, and operations. However, a comprehensive assessment of the impact on healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) across different hospitals with varying level of infectious disease (ID) physician expertise, resources, and infrastructure is lacking.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Severity and Risk of Subsequent Cardiovascular Events
Timothy L Wiemken, Leah J McGrath, Kathleen M Andersen, Farid Khan, Deepa Malhotra, Tamuno Alfred, Jennifer L Nguyen, Laura Puzniak, Elizabeth Thoburn, Luis Jodar, John M McLaughlin
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac661
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e42–e50
Little is known about the relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and subsequent risk of experiencing a cardiovascular event (CVE) after COVID-19 recovery. We evaluated this relationship in a large cohort of United States adults.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Testing and Detection During Peripartum Hospitalizations Among a Multicenter Cohort of Pregnant Persons: March 2020–February 2021
Miranda J Delahoy, Flor Munoz, De-Kun Li, Carmen Sofia Arriola, Nanette Lee Bond, Michael Daugherty, Jeannette Ferber, Nickolas Ferguson, Louise Hadden, Jillian T Henderson, Stephanie A Irving, Mary Juergens, Venkatesh Kancharla, Mara Greenberg, Roxana Odouli, Gabriella Newes-Adeyi, Erin G Nicholson, Lawrence Reichle, Momodou Sanyang, Margaret Snead, Fatimah S Dawood, Allison L Naleway
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac657
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e51–e59
Identifying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections during peripartum hospitalizations is important to guide care, implement prevention measures, and understand infection burden.
Symptom Burden and Immune Dynamics 6 to 18 Months Following Mild Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection (SARS-CoV-2): A Case-control Study
Elisabeth B Fjelltveit, Bjørn Blomberg, Kanika Kuwelker, Fan Zhou, Therese B Onyango, Karl A Brokstad, Rebecca Elyanow, Ian M Kaplan, Camilla Tøndel, Kristin G I Mohn, Türküler Özgümüş, Rebecca J Cox, Nina Langeland, Bergen COVID-19 Research Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac655
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e60–e70
Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 From Adult Index Cases With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus in South Africa, 2020–2021: A Case-Ascertained, Prospective, Observational Household Transmission Study
Jackie Kleynhans, Sibongile Walaza, Neil A Martinson, Mzimasi Neti, Anne von Gottberg, Jinal N Bhiman, Dylan Toi, Daniel G Amoako, Amelia Buys, Kedibone Ndlangisa, Nicole Wolter, Leisha Genade, Lucia Maloma, Juanita Chewparsad, Limakatso Lebina, Linda de Gouveia, Retshidisitswe Kotane, Stefano Tempia, Cheryl Cohen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac640
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e71–e81
In South Africa, 19% of adults are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; LWH). Few data on the influence of HIV on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) household transmission are available.
Readmissions, Postdischarge Mortality, and Sustained Recovery Among Patients Admitted to Hospital With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Kasper S Moestrup, Joanne Reekie, Adrian G Zucco, Tomas Ø Jensen, Jens-Ulrik S Jensen, Lothar Wiese, Sisse R Ostrowski, Carsten U Niemann, Cameron MacPherson, Jens Lundgren, Marie Helleberg
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac639
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e82–e89
Many interventional in-patient coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) trials assess primary outcomes through day 28 post-randomization. Since a proportion of patients experience protracted disease or relapse, such follow-up period may not fully capture the course of the disease, even when randomization occurs a few days after hospitalization.
BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 is Associated With a Decreased Likelihood of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Aged 5–18 Years—United States, July 2021 – April 2022
Laura D Zambrano, Margaret M Newhams, Samantha M Olson, Natasha B Halasa, Ashley M Price, Amber O Orzel, Cameron C Young, Julie A Boom, Leila C Sahni, Aline B Maddux, Katherine E Bline, Satoshi Kamidani, Keiko M Tarquinio, Kathleen Chiotos, Jennifer E Schuster, Melissa L Cullimore, Sabrina M Heidemann, Charlotte V Hobbs, Ryan A Nofziger, Pia S Pannaraj, Melissa A Cameron, Tracie C Walker, Stephanie P Schwartz, Kelly N Michelson, Bria M Coates, Heidi R Flori, Elizabeth H Mack, Laura Smallcomb, Shira J Gertz, Samina S Bhumbra, Tamara T Bradford, Emily R Levy, Michele Kong, Katherine Irby, Natalie Z Cvijanovich, Matt S Zinter, Cindy Bowens, Hillary Crandall, Janet R Hume, Manish M Patel, Angela P Campbell, Adrienne G Randolph, for the Overcoming COVID-19 Investigators
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac637
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e90–e100,
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), linked to antecedent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is associated with considerable morbidity. Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by vaccination might also decrease MIS-C likelihood.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Burden Among Unaccompanied Minors in US Custody
Carlo Foppiano Palacios, Elizabeth W Tucker, Mark A Travassos
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac636
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e101–e107
Before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, crowded and unsanitary living conditions lacking medical expertise made US detention centers hotbeds for infectious disease outbreaks.
Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) Vaccine Effectiveness Against Symptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection During Delta-Dominant and Omicron-Dominant Periods in Japan: A Multicenter Prospective Case-control Study (Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines Study)
Takeshi Arashiro, Yuzo Arima, Hirokazu Muraoka, Akihiro Sato, Kunihiro Oba, Yuki Uehara, Hiroko Arioka, Hideki Yanai, Jin Kuramochi, Genei Ihara, Kumi Chubachi, Naoki Yanagisawa, Yoshito Nagura, Yasuyuki Kato, Akihiro Ueda, Akira Numata, Hideaki Kato, Koji Ishii, Takao Ooki, Hideaki Oka, Yusuke Nishida, Ashley Stucky, Chris Smith, Martin Hibberd, Koya Ariyoshi, Motoi Suzuki
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac635
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e108–e115
Although several coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines initially showed high efficacy, there have been concerns because of waning immunity and the emergence of variants with immune escape capacity.
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine and Baricitinib for Patients at High Risk of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019: The PANCOVID Randomized Clinical Trial
RocÃo Montejano, Fernando de la Calle-Prieto, MarÃa Velasco, Carlos Guijarro, Javier Queiruga-Parada, MarÃa Jiménez-González, Patricia González-Ruano, Patricia MartÃnez, Ane Josune Goikoetxea, Marta Ibarrola, Marianela Ciudad, Ã�ngela Gutiérrez, Miguel Torralba, Ana DÃaz-Brasero, Pablo Ryan, Cristina Marcelo, Cristina DÃez, SofÃa Ibarra, Esperanza Merino, Vicente Estrada, Javier Marcos, MarÃa Novella, MarÃa A Rivera, Manuel Ruiz-Muñoz, Marta de Miguel, Llanos Soler, Mikel del Ã�lamo, Santiago Moreno, Antonio J Carcas, Alberto M Borobia, José R Arribas, for the PANCOVID Study Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac628
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e116–e125
This study was designed to evaluate if patients with high risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) would benefit from treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) followed by baricitinib in case of hypoxemia and systemic inflammation.
Association Between AZD7442 (Tixagevimab-Cilgavimab) Administration and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection, Hospitalization, and Mortality
Jennifer Kertes, Shirley Shapiro Ben David, Noya Engel-Zohar, Keren Rosen, Beatriz Hemo, Avner Kantor, Limor Adler, Naama Shamir Stein, Miri Mizrahi Reuveni, Arnon Shahar
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac625
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e126–e132
Intramuscular AZD7442 (tixagevimab–cilgavimab [Evusheld; AstraZeneca]) has been found effective among immunocompromised individuals (ICIs) in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe disease in ICIs.
Omicron-Associated Changes in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Symptoms in the United Kingdom
Karina-Doris Vihta, Koen B Pouwels, Tim E A Peto, Emma Pritchard, Thomas House, Ruth Studley, Emma Rourke, Duncan Cook, Ian Diamond, Derrick Crook, David A Clifton, Philippa C Matthews, Nicole Stoesser, David W Eyre, Ann Sarah Walker, COVID-19 Infection Survey team
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac613
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e133–e141
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant has been replaced by the highly transmissible Omicron BA.1 variant, and subsequently by Omicron BA.2. It is important to understand how these changes in dominant variants affect reported symptoms, while also accounting for symptoms arising from other cocirculating respiratory viruses.
Protection Against the Omicron Variant Offered by Previous Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Michael B Rothberg, Priscilla Kim, Nabin K Shrestha, Lisa Kojima, Larisa G Tereshchenko
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac604
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e142–e147
Previous infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) provides strong protection against future infection. There is limited evidence on whether such protection extends to the Omicron variant.
Association of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Treatment on Upper Respiratory Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (SARS-Cov-2 RT-PCR) Negative Conversion Rates Among High-Risk Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Hongyan Li, Menghan Gao, Hailong You, Peng Zhang, Yuchen Pan, Nan Li, Ling Qin, Heyuan Wang, Dan Li, Yang Li, Hongmei Qiao, Lina Gu, Songbai Xu, Weiying Guo, Nanya Wang, Chaoying Liu, Pujun Gao, Junqi Niu, Jie Cao, Yang Zheng
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac600
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e148–e154
Acceleration of negative respiratory conversion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) might reduce viral transmission.
Development of an Effective Immune Response in Adults With Down Syndrome After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Vaccination
Laura Esparcia-Pinedo, Ayla Yarci-Carrión, Gloria Mateo-Jiménez, Noelia Ropero, Laura Gómez-Cabañas, Ã�ngel Lancho-Sánchez, Patricia Almendro-Vázquez, Enrique MartÃn-Gayo, Estela Paz-Artal, Francisco Sanchez-Madrid, Fernando Moldenhauer, Ainhoa Gutiérrez-Cobos, Diego Real de Asúa, Arantzazu Alfranca
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac590
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e155–e162
Immune dysregulation in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) leads to an increased risk for hospitalization and death due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and may impair the generation of protective immunity after vaccine administration.
Measuring Work-related Risk of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Comparison of COVID-19 Incidence by Occupation and Industry—Wisconsin, September 2020 to May 2021
Ian W Pray, Barbara Grajewski, Collin Morris, Komi Modji, Peter DeJonge, Katherine McCoy, Carrie Tomasallo, Traci DeSalvo, Ryan P Westergaard, Jonathan Meiman
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac586
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e163–e171,
Work-related exposures play an important role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission, yet few studies have compared SARS-CoV-2 expsoure risk across occupations and industries.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Immunocompromised Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Caused by the Omicron Variant: A Prospective, Observational Study
S Reshwan K Malahe, Rogier A S Hoek, Virgil A S H Dalm, Annoek E C Broers, Caroline M den Hoed, Olivier C Manintveld, Carla C Baan, Charlotte M van Deuzen, Grigorios Papageorgiou, Hannelore I Bax, Jeroen J Van Kampen, Merel E Hellemons, Marcia M L Kho, Rory D de Vries, Richard Molenkamp, Marlies E J Reinders, Bart J A Rijnders
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac571
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e172–e178
Illness after infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant is less severe compared with previous variants. Data on the disease burden in immunocompromised patients are lacking. We investigated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of immunocompromised patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Omicron.
Secondary Sclerosing Cholangitis Following Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Peter Hunyady, Lea Streller, Darius F Rüther, Sara Reinartz Groba, Dominik Bettinger, Daniel Fitting, Karim Hamesch, Jens U Marquardt, Victoria T Mücke, Fabian Finkelmeier, Asieb Sekandarzad, Tobias Wengenmayer, Ayoub Bounidane, Felicitas Weiss, Kai-Henrik Peiffer, Bernhard Schlevogt, Stefan Zeuzem, Oliver Waidmann, Marcus Hollenbach, Martha M Kirstein, Johannes Kluwe, Fabian Kütting, Marcus M Mücke
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac565
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e179–e187
Secondary sclerosing cholangitis (SSC) is a rare disease with poor prognosis. Cases of SSC have been reported following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-SSC). The aim of this study was to compare COVID-SSC to SSC in critically ill patients (SSC-CIP) and to assess factors influencing transplant-free survival.
Antibody and T-Cell Responses 6 Months After Coronavirus Disease 2019 Messenger RNA-1273 Vaccination in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease, on Dialysis, or Living With a Kidney Transplant
Jan-Stephan F Sanders, A Lianne Messchendorp, Rory D de Vries, Carla C Baan, Debbie van Baarle, Rob van Binnendijk, Dimitri A Diavatopoulos, Daryl Geers, Katharina S Schmitz, Corine H GeurtsvanKessel, Gerco den Hartog, Marcia M L Kho, Marion P G Koopmans, Renate G van der Molen, Ester B M Remmerswaal, Nynke Rots, Ron T Gansevoort, Frederike J Bemelman, Luuk B Hilbrands, Marlies E J Reinders, the VACcination Immune Response Study (RECOVAC) Collaborators
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac557
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e188–e199
The immune response to COVID-19 vaccination is inferior in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and to a lesser extent in patients on dialysis or with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We assessed the immune response 6 months after mRNA-1273 vaccination in kidney patients and compared this to controls.
Severity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in Pregnancy in Ontario: A Matched Cohort Analysis
Kiera R Murison, Alicia A Grima, Alison E Simmons, Ashleigh R Tuite, David N Fisman
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac544
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e200–e206
Pregnancy represents a physiological state associated with increased vulnerability to severe outcomes from infectious diseases, both for the pregnant person and developing infant.
Vaccine Coverage Associated With Ending a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Wave: A Retrospective Longitudinal Analysis
Aharona Glatman-Freedman, Sarah F Feldman, Yael Hershkovitz, Zalman Kaufman, Rita Dichtiar, Lital Keinan-Boker, Michal Bromberg
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac524
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e207–e215
Two SARS-CoV-2 waves in Israel ended while a substantial number of individuals remained unvaccinated or partially vaccinated. The indirect protective effect of the first BNT162b2 vaccination campaign in Israel was evaluated between 22 December 2020 and 18 May 2021.
Early Treatment of High-Risk Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients With a Combination of Interferon Beta-1b and Remdesivir: A Phase 2 Open-label Randomized Controlled Trial
Anthony Raymond Tam, Ricky Ruiqi Zhang, Kwok-Cheung Lung, Raymond Liu, Ka-Yi Leung, Danlei Liu, Yujing Fan, Lu Lu, Athene Hoi-Ying Lam, Tom Wai-Hin Chung, Cyril Chik-Yan Yip, Jenny Lo, Alan Ka-Lun Wu, Rodney Lee, Simon Sin, Pauline Yeung Ng, Wai-Ming Chan, Hoi-Ping Shum, Wing-Wa Yan, Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan, Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng, Chak-Sing Lau, Kelvin Kai-Wang To, Kwok-Hung Chan, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac523
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e216–e226
Early antiviral therapy was effective in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We assessed the efficacy and safety of combined interferon beta-1b and remdesivir treatment in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Viral Dynamics of Omicron and Delta Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variants With Implications for Timing of Release from Isolation: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Tara C Bouton, Joseph Atarere, Jacquelyn Turcinovic, Scott Seitz, Cole Sher-Jan, Madison Gilbert, Laura White, Zhenwei Zhou, Mohammad M Hossain, Victoria Overbeck, Lynn Doucette-Stamm, Judy Platt, Hannah E Landsberg, Davidson H Hamer, Catherine Klapperich, Karen R Jacobson, John H Connor
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac510
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e227–e233
In January 2022, US guidelines shifted to recommend isolation for 5 days from symptom onset, followed by 5 days of mask-wearing. However, viral dynamics and variant and vaccination impact on culture conversion are largely unknown.
Hospitalized Patients With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 During the Omicron Wave in Israel: Benefits of a Fourth Vaccine Dose
Tal Brosh-Nissimov, Khetam Hussein, Yonit Wiener-Well, Efrat Orenbuch-Harroch, Meital Elbaz, Shelly Lipman-Arens, Yasmin Maor, Yael Yagel, Bibiana Chazan, Mirit Hershman-Sarafov, Galia Rahav, Oren Zimhony, Adi Zaidman Shimshovitz, Michal Chowers
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac501
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e234–e239
Waning immunity and an increased incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the Omicron outbreak led the Israeli Ministry of Health to recommend a fourth vaccine dose for high-risk individuals. In this study, we assessed its effect for hospitalized patients with severe breakthrough COVID-19.
Antibody Binding and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Binding Inhibition Is Significantly Reduced for Both the BA.1 and BA.2 Omicron Variants
Daniel Junker, Matthias Becker, Teresa R Wagner, Philipp D Kaiser, Sandra Maier, Tanja M Grimm, Johanna Griesbaum, Patrick Marsall, Jens Gruber, Bjoern Traenkle, Constanze Heinzel, Yudi T Pinilla, Jana Held, Rolf Fendel, Andrea Kreidenweiss, Annika Nelde, Yacine Maringer, Sarah Schroeder, Juliane S Walz, Karina Althaus, Gunalp Uzun, Marco Mikus, Tamam Bakchoul, Katja Schenke-Layland, Stefanie Bunk, Helene Haeberle, Siri Göpel, Michael Bitzer, Hanna Renk, Jonathan Remppis, Corinna Engel, Axel R Franz, Manuela Harries, Barbora Kessel, Berit Lange, Monika Strengert, Gerard Krause, Anne Zeck, Ulrich Rothbauer, Alex Dulovic, Nicole Schneiderhan-Marra
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac498
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e240–e249
The rapid emergence of the Omicron variant and its large number of mutations led to its classification as a variant of concern (VOC) by the World Health Organization.
Delayed Recognition of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in New York City: A Descriptive Analysis of COVID-19 Illness Prior to 29 February 2020
Page Keating, Jessica Sell, Judy Chen, Joel Ackelsberg, Winfred Wu, Benjamin Tsoi, Don Weiss
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac490
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e250–e254
On 30 January 2020, COVID-19 was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization. Almost a month later, on 29 February 2020, the first case in New York City (NYC) was diagnosed.
Increased Deaths From Fungal Infections During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic—National Vital Statistics System, United States, January 2020–December 2021
Jeremy A W Gold, Farida B Ahmad, Jodi A Cisewski, Lauren M Rossen, Alejandro J Montero, Kaitlin Benedict, Brendan R Jackson, Mitsuru Toda
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac489
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e255–e262
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–associated fungal infections cause severe illness, but comprehensive data on disease burden are lacking. We analyzed US National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) data to characterize disease burden, temporal trends, and demographic characteristics of persons dying of fungal infections during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Integration of Sequencing and Epidemiologic Data for Surveillance of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infections in a Tertiary-Care Hospital
Manja Czech-Sioli, Thomas Günther, Alexis Robitaille, Hannes Roggenkamp, Henning Büttner, Daniela Indenbirken, Martin Christner, Marc Lütgehetmann, Johannes Knobloch, Martin Aepfelbacher, Adam Grundhoff, Nicole Fischer
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac484
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e263–e273
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic significantly burdens hospitals and other healthcare facilities. Therefore, understanding the entry and transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical for effective prevention and preparedness measures.
Kinetics of Maternally Derived Anti–Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Antibodies in Infants in Relation to the Timing of Antenatal Vaccination
Amihai Rottenstreich, Gila Zarbiv, Esther Oiknine-Djian, Olesya Vorontsov, Roy Zigron, Geffen Kleinstern, Shay Porat, Dana G Wolf
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac480
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e274–e279
SARS-CoV-2 infection during early infancy can result in severe disease. We evaluated the durability of maternally-derived anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in infants and its relation to antenatal vaccination timing.
Life-Threatening Complications of Influenza vs Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in US Children
Natasha B Halasa, Andrew J Spieker, Cameron C Young, Samantha M Olson, Margaret M Newhams, Justin Z Amarin, Kristin L Moffitt, Mari M Nakamura, Emily R Levy, Vijaya L Soma, Rana Talj, Scott L Weiss, Julie C Fitzgerald, Elizabeth H Mack, Aline B Maddux, Jennifer E Schuster, Bria M Coates, Mark W Hall, Stephanie P Schwartz, Adam J Schwarz, Michele Kong, Philip C Spinella, Laura L Loftis, Gwenn E McLaughlin, Charlotte V Hobbs, Courtney M Rowan, Melania M Bembea, Ryan A Nofziger, Christopher J Babbitt, Cindy Bowens, Heidi R Flori, Shira J Gertz, Matt S Zinter, John S Giuliano, Jr., Janet R Hume, Natalie Z Cvijanovich, Aalok R Singh, Hillary A Crandall, Neal J Thomas, Melissa L Cullimore, Manish M Patel, Adrienne G Randolph, for the Pediatric Intensive Care Influenza, Overcoming COVID-19 Investigators
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac477
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e280–e290
Clinical differences between critical illness from influenza infection vs coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have not been well characterized in pediatric patients.
Messenger RNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination With BNT162b2 Increased Risk of Bell’s Palsy: A Nested Case-Control and Self-Controlled Case Series Study
Eric Yuk Fai Wan, Celine Sze Ling Chui, Vanessa Wai Sei Ng, Yuan Wang, Vincent Ka Chun Yan, Ivan Chun Hang Lam, Min Fan, Francisco Tsz Tsun Lai, Esther Wai Yin Chan, Xue Li, Carlos King Ho Wong, Raccoon Ka Cheong Chung, Benjamin John Cowling, Wing Chi Fong, Alexander Yuk Lun Lau, Vincent Chung Tong Mok, Frank Ling Fung Chan, Cheuk Kwong Lee, Lot Sze Tao Chan, Dawin Lo, Kui Kai Lau, Ivan Fan Ngai Hung, Chak Sing Lau, Gabriel Matthew Leung, Ian Chi Kei Wong
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac460
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e291–e298
Observable symptoms of Bell’s palsy following vaccinations arouse concern over the safety profiles of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines.
Immunogenicity of a Third Dose of BNT162b2 to Ancestral Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and the Omicron Variant in Adults Who Received 2 Doses of Inactivated Vaccine
Nancy H L Leung, Samuel M S Cheng, Mario MartÃn-Sánchez, Niki Y M Au, Yvonne Y Ng, Leo L H Luk, Karl C K Chan, John K C Li, Yonna W Y Leung, Leo C H Tsang, Sara Chaothai, Kelvin K H Kwan, Dennis K M Ip, Leo L M Poon, Gabriel M Leung, J S Malik Peiris, Benjamin J Cowling
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac458
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e299–e307
Limited data exist on antibody responses to mixed vaccination strategies that involve inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, particularly in the context of emerging variants.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Elicits Long-lasting Specific Antibody, T and B Cell Immune Responses in Recovered Individuals
Rowa Y Alhabbab, Abdullah Algaissi, Ahmed Bakr Mahmoud, Almohanad A Alkayyal, Sawsan Al-Amri, Mohamed A Alfaleh, Mohammad Basabrain, Roua Abdullah Alsubki, Ibrahim S Almarshad, Abdulelah M Alhudaithi, Omar A Al Gafari, Yasser A Alshamlan, Hassan M Aldossari, Mohammed M Alsafi, Abdullah Bukhari, Wael Bajhmom, Ziad A Memish, Waleed S Al Salem, Anwar M Hashem
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac456
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e308–e318
The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic betacoronavirus and a global public health concern.
Durability of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Messenger RNA Booster Vaccine Protection Against Omicron Among Healthcare Workers With a Vaccine Mandate
Aaron Richterman, Amy Behrman, Patrick J Brennan, Judith A O’Donnell, Christopher K Snider, Krisda H Chaiyachati
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac454
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e319–e326
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant has spread rapidly throughout the world since being identified in South Africa in November 2021. Few studies have assessed primary series and booster vaccine effectiveness against Omicron among US healthcare workers
Testing Frequency Matters: An Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performance of a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Rapid Antigen Test in US Correctional Facilities
Margaret L Lind, Olivia L Schultes, Alexander J Robertson, Amy J Houde, Derek A T Cummings, Albert I Ko, Byron S Kennedy, Robert P Richeson
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac450
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e327–e335
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends serial rapid antigen assay collection within congregate facilities. Although modeling and observational studies from communities and long-term care facilities have shown serial collection provides adequate sensitivity and specificity, the accuracy within correctional facilities remains unknown.
Nasal Spray of Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody 35B5 Confers Potential Prophylaxis Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants of Concern: A Small-Scale Clinical Trial
Yao Lin, Shuai Yue, Yang Yang, Sen Yang, Zhiwei Pan, Xiaofan Yang, Leiqiong Gao, Jing Zhou, Zhirong Li, Li Hu, Jianfang Tang, Qing Wu, Shun Lei, Qin Tian, Yifei Wang, Yaxing Hao, Lifan Xu, Qizhao Huang, Bo Zhu, Yaokai Chen, Xiangyu Chen, Lilin Ye
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac448
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e336–e341
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs), especially the Delta and Omicron variants, have been reported to show significant resistance to approved neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and vaccines.
Effectiveness of Paxlovid in Reducing Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Mortality in High-Risk Patients
Ronza Najjar-Debbiny, Naomi Gronich, Gabriel Weber, Johad Khoury, Maisam Amar, Nili Stein, Lee Hilary Goldstein, Walid Saliba
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac443
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e342–e349
Paxlovid was granted an Emergency Use Authorization for the treatment of mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), based on the interim analysis of the Evaluation of Protease Inhibition for COVID-19 in High-Risk Patients (EPIC-HR) trial.
Population Immunity to Pre-Omicron and Omicron Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants in US States and Counties Through 1 December 2021
Fayette Klaassen, Melanie H Chitwood, Ted Cohen, Virginia E Pitzer, Marcus Russi, Nicole A Swartwood, Joshua A Salomon, Nicolas A Menzies
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac438
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e350–e359
Both severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination contribute to population-level immunity against SARS-CoV-2. This study estimated the immunological exposure and effective protection against future SARS-CoV-2 infection in each US state and county over 2020–2021 and how this changed with the introduction of the Omicron variant.
Effectiveness of Heterologous Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine Booster Dosing in Brazilian Healthcare Workers, 2021
Alexandre R Marra, João Luiz Miraglia, Daniel Tavares Malheiros, Yang Guozhang, Vanessa Damazio Teich, Elivane da Silva Victor, João Renato Rebello Pinho, Adriana Cypriano, Laura Wanderly Vieira, Miria Polonio, Rafael Herrera Ornelas, Solange Miranda de Oliveira, Flavio Araujo Borges Junior, Silvia Cristina Cassiano Oler, Guilherme de Paula Pinto Schettino, Ketti Gleyzer de Oliveira, Rúbia Anita Ferraz Santana, Fernanda de Mello Malta, Deyvid Amgarten, Ana Laura Boechat, Noelly Maria Zimpel Trecenti, Takaaki Kobayashi, Jorge L Salinas, Michael B Edmond, Luiz Vicente Rizzo
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac430
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e360–e366
Little is currently known about vaccine effectiveness (VE) for either 2 doses of Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1) viral vector vaccine or CoronaVac (Instituto Butantan) inactivated viral vaccine followed by a third dose of mRNA vaccine (Pfizer/BioNTech) among healthcare workers (HCWs).
Effectiveness of a Second Dose of an mRNA Vaccine Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron Infection in Individuals Previously Infected by Other Variants
Susana Monge, Ayelén Rojas-Benedicto, Carmen Olmedo, Elisa MartÃn-Merino, Clara Mazagatos, Aurora Limia, MarÃa José Sierra, Amparo Larrauri, Miguel A Hernán, IBERCovid
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac429
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e367–e374
Single-dose vaccination was widely recommended in the pre-Omicron era for persons with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. The effectiveness of a second vaccine dose in this group in the Omicron era is unknown.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Incidence and Risk Factors in a National, Community-Based Prospective Cohort of US Adults
Denis Nash, Madhura S Rane, McKaylee M Robertson, Mindy Chang, Sarah Gorrell Kulkarni, Rebecca Zimba, William You, Amanda Berry, Chloe Mirzayi, Shivani Kochhar, Andrew Maroko, Drew A Westmoreland, Angela M Parcesepe, Levi Waldron, Christian Grov
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac423
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e375–e384
Prospective cohort studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) incidence complement case-based surveillance and cross-sectional seroprevalence surveys.
The US Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Surveillance Environment: An Ecological Analysis of the Relationship of Testing Adequacy in the Context of Vaccination
Daesung Choi, Jannie Nielsen, Lance A Waller, Shivani A Patel
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac419
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e385–e390
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing is a critical component of public health surveillance and pandemic control, especially among the unvaccinated, as the nation resumes in-person activities.
Serum Neutralizing Antibody Titers 12 Months After Coronavirus Disease 2019 Messenger RNA Vaccination: Correlation to Clinical Variables in an Adult, US Population
Min Zhao, Rebecca Slotkin, Amar H Sheth, Lauren Pischel, Tassos C Kyriakides, Brinda Emu, Cynthia McNamara, Qiaosu Shi, Jaden Delgobbo, Jin Xu, Elizabeth Marhoffer, Aleagia Mercer-Falkoff, Jürgen Holleck, David Ardito, Richard E Sutton, Shaili Gupta
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac416
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e391–e399
We studied whether comorbid conditions affect strength and duration of immune responses after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) messenger RNA vaccination in a US-based, adult population.
Early Introduction and Rise of the Omicron Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variant in Highly Vaccinated University Populations
Brittany A Petros, Jacquelyn Turcinovic, Nicole L Welch, Laura F White, Eric D Kolaczyk, Matthew R Bauer, Michael Cleary, Sabrina T Dobbins, Lynn Doucette-Stamm, Mitch Gore, Parvathy Nair, Tien G Nguyen, Scott Rose, Bradford P Taylor, Daniel Tsang, Erik Wendlandt, Michele Hope, Judy T Platt, Karen R Jacobson, Tara Bouton, Seyho Yune, Jared R Auclair, Lena Landaverde, Catherine M Klapperich, Davidson H Hamer, William P Hanage, Bronwyn L MacInnis, Pardis C Sabeti, John H Connor, Michael Springer
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac413
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e400–e408
The Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly transmissible in vaccinated and unvaccinated populations.
Relative Virulence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Individuals Hospitalized With SARS-CoV-2
Alicia A Grima, Kiera R Murison, Alison E Simmons, Ashleigh R Tuite, David N Fisman
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac412
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e409–e415
The rapid development of safe and effective vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a singular scientific achievement. Confounding due to health-seeking behaviors, circulating variants, and differential testing by vaccination status may bias analyses toward an apparent increase in infection severity following vaccination.
Duration of Replication-Competent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Shedding Among Patients With Severe or Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Do Young Kim, Michael Y Lin, Cheryl Jennings, Haiying Li, Jae Hyung Jung, Nicholas M Moore, Isaac Ghinai, Stephanie R Black, Daniel J Zaccaro, John Brofman, Mary K Hayden, for the CDC Prevention Epicenter Program
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac405
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e416–e425
Patterns of shedding replication-competent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in severe or critical COVID-19 are not well characterized. We investigated the duration of replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 shedding in upper and lower airway specimens from patients with severe or critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Humoral and T-Cell Immune Response After 3 Doses of Messenger RNA Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccines in Fragile Patients: The Italian VAX4FRAIL Study
Paolo Corradini, Chiara Agrati, Giovanni Apolone, Alberto Mantovani, Diana Giannarelli, Vincenzo Marasco, Veronica Bordoni, Alessandra Sacchi, Giulia Matusali, Carlo Salvarani ... Show more
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac404
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e426–e438
Patients with solid or hematological tumors or neurological and immune-inflammatory disorders are potentially fragile subjects at increased risk of experiencing severe coronavirus disease 2019 and an inadequate response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination.
Understanding “Hybrid Immunity�: Comparison and Predictors of Humoral Immune Responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection (SARS-CoV-2) and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccines
Nusrat J Epsi, Stephanie A Richard, David A Lindholm, Katrin Mende, Anuradha Ganesan, Nikhil Huprikar, Tahaniyat Lalani, Anthony C Fries, Ryan C Maves, Rhonda E Colombo, Derek T Larson, Alfred Smith, Sharon W Chi, Carlos J Maldonado, Evan C Ewers, Milissa U Jones, Catherine M Berjohn, Daniel H Libraty, Margaret Sanchez Edwards, Caroline English, Julia S Rozman, Rupal M Mody, Christopher J Colombo, Emily C Samuels, Princess Nwachukwu, Marana S Tso, Ann I Scher, Celia Byrne, Jennifer Rusiecki, Mark P Simons, David Tribble, Christopher C Broder, Brian K Agan, Timothy H Burgess, Eric D Laing, Simon D Pollett, for the Epidemiology, Immunology, and Clinical Characteristics of Emerging Infectious Diseases with Pandemic Potential COVID-19 Cohort Study Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac392
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e439–e449
Comparison of humoral responses in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccinees, those with SARS-CoV-2 infection, or combinations of vaccine/ infection (“hybrid immunity�) may clarify predictors of vaccine immunogenicity.
Comparison of Influenza and Coronavirus Disease 2019–Associated Hospitalizations Among Children Younger Than 18 Years Old in the United States: FluSurv-NET (October–April 2017–2021) and COVID-NET (October 2020–September 2021)
Miranda J Delahoy, Dawud Ujamaa, Christopher A Taylor, Charisse Cummings, Onika Anglin, Rachel Holstein, Jennifer Milucky, Alissa O’Halloran, Kadam Patel, Huong Pham, Michael Whitaker, Arthur Reingold, Shua J Chai, Nisha B Alden, Breanna Kawasaki, James Meek, Kimberly Yousey-Hindes, Evan J Anderson, Kyle P Openo, Andy Weigel, Kenzie Teno, Libby Reeg, Lauren Leegwater, Ruth Lynfield, Melissa McMahon, Susan Ropp, Dominic Rudin, Alison Muse, Nancy Spina, Nancy M Bennett, Kevin Popham, Laurie M Billing, Eli Shiltz, Melissa Sutton, Ann Thomas, William Schaffner, H Keipp Talbot, Melanie T Crossland, Keegan McCaffrey, Aron J Hall, Erin Burns, Meredith McMorrow, Carrie Reed, Fiona P Havers, Shikha Garg
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac388
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e450–e459
Influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 are significant causes of respiratory illness in children.
Protection of Messenger RNA Vaccines Against Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Adults Over the First Year Following Authorization in the United States
Mark W Tenforde, Wesley H Self, Yuwei Zhu, Eric A Naioti, Manjusha Gaglani, Adit A Ginde, Kelly Jensen, H Keipp Talbot, Jonathan D Casey, Nicholas M Mohr, Anne Zepeski, Tresa McNeal, Shekhar Ghamande, Kevin W Gibbs, D Clark Files, David N Hager, Arber Shehu, Matthew E Prekker, Heidi L Erickson, Michelle N Gong, Amira Mohamed, Nicholas J Johnson, Vasisht Srinivasan, Jay S Steingrub, Ithan D Peltan, Samuel M Brown, Emily T Martin, Arnold S Monto, Akram Khan, Catherine L Hough, Laurence W Busse, Caitlin ten Lohuis, Abhijit Duggal, Jennifer G Wilson, Nida Qadir, Steven Y Chang, Christopher Mallow, Carolina Rivas, Hilary M Babcock, Jennie H Kwon, Matthew C Exline, Mena M Botros, Adam S Lauring, Nathan I Shapiro, Natasha Halasa, James D Chappell, Carlos G Grijalva, Todd W Rice, Ian D Jones, William B Stubblefield, Adrienne Baughman, Kelsey N Womack, Jillian P Rhoads, Christopher J Lindsell, Kimberly W Hart, Caitlin Turbyfill, Samantha Olson, Nancy Murray, Katherine Adams, Manish M Patel, for the Influenza and Other Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac381
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e460–e468
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines were authorized in the United States in December 2020. Although vaccine effectiveness (VE) against mild infection declines markedly after several months, limited understanding exists on the long-term durability of protection against COVID-19–associated hospitalization.
Reduced Odds of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfection After Vaccination Among New York City Adults, July 2021–November 2021
Alison Levin-Rector, Lauren Firestein, Emily McGibbon, Jessica Sell, Sungwoo Lim, Ellen H Lee, Don Weiss, Anita Geevarughese, Jane R Zucker, Sharon K Greene Author Notes
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac380
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e469–e476
Belief that vaccination is not needed for individuals with prior infection contributes to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy. Among individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) before vaccines became available, we determined whether vaccinated individuals had reduced odds of reinfection.
Transfusing Convalescent Plasma as Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Double-Blinded, Phase 2 Randomized, Controlled Trial
Shmuel Shoham, Evan M Bloch, Arturo Casadevall, Daniel Hanley, Bryan Lau, Kelly Gebo, Edward Cachay, Seble G Kassaye, James H Paxton, Jonathan Gerber, Adam C Levine, Arash Naeim, Judith Currier, Bela Patel, Elizabeth S Allen, Shweta Anjan, Lawrence Appel, Sheriza Baksh, Paul W Blair, Anthony Bowen, Patrick Broderick, Christopher A Caputo, Valerie Cluzet, Marie Elena Cordisco, Daniel Cruser, Stephan Ehrhardt, Donald Forthal, Yuriko Fukuta, Amy L Gawad, Thomas Gniadek, Jean Hammel, Moises A Huaman, Douglas A Jabs, Anne Jedlicka, Nicky Karlen, Sabra Klein, Oliver Laeyendecker, Karen Lane, Nichol McBee, Barry Meisenberg, Christian Merlo, Giselle Mosnaim, Han-Sol Park, Andrew Pekosz, Joann Petrini, William Rausch, David M Shade, Janna R Shapiro, J Robinson Singleton, Catherine Sutcliffe, David L Thomas, Anusha Yarava, Martin Zand, Jonathan M Zenilman, Aaron A R Tobian, David J Sullivan
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac372
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e477–e486
The efficacy of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) convalescent plasma (CCP) for preventing infection in exposed, uninfected individuals is unknown. CCP might prevent infection when administered before symptoms or laboratory evidence of infection.
Persistent Circulating Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Spike Is Associated With Post-acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 Sequelae
Zoe Swank, Yasmeen Senussi, Zachary Manickas-Hill, Xu G Yu, Jonathan Z Li, Galit Alter, David R Walt
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac722
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e487–e490
The diagnosis of postacute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (PASC) poses an ongoing medical challenge. To identify biomarkers associated with PASC we analyzed plasma samples collected from PASC and coronavirus disease 2019 patients to quantify viral antigens and inflammatory markers. We detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike predominantly in PASC patients up to 12 months after diagnosis.
Persistence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Variant in Children and Utility of Rapid Antigen Testing as an Indicator of Culturable Virus
Zoe M Lohse, Jerne J Shapiro, John A Lednicky, Melanie N Cash, Inyoung Jun, Carla N Mavian, Massimiliano S Tagliamonte, Cyrus Saleem, Yang Yang, Eric J Nelson, Marco Salemi, Kathleen A Ryan, J Glenn Morris, Jr
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac693
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e491–e494
We screened 65 longitudinally collected nasal swab samples from 31 children aged 0–16 years who were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron BA.1. By day 7 after onset of symptoms, 48% of children remained positive by rapid antigen test. In a sample subset, we found 100% correlation between antigen test results and virus culture.
Impact of Seasonal Coronavirus Antibodies on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine Responses in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Andrew H Karaba, Weiqiang Zhou, Shuai Li, Tihitina Y Aytenfisu, Trevor S Johnston, Olivia Akinde, Yolanda Eby, Aura T Abedon, Jennifer L Alejo, Caroline X Qin, Elizabeth A Thompson, Jacqueline M Garonzik-Wang, Joel N Blankson, Andrea L Cox, Justin R Bailey, Sabra L Klein, Andrew Pekosz, Dorry L Segev, Aaron A R Tobian, William A Werbel
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac652
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e495–e498
Antibody responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination are reduced in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs). We report that increased levels of preexisting antibodies to seasonal coronaviruses are associated with decreased antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in SOTRs, supporting that antigenic imprinting modulates vaccine responses in SOTRs.
Estimating the Period Prevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection During the Omicron (BA.1) Surge in New York City (NYC), 1 January to 16 March 2022
Saba A Qasmieh, McKaylee M Robertson, Chloe A Teasdale, Sarah G Kulkarni, Denis Nash
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac644
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e499–e502
In a population-based survey of adults in New York City, we assessed positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tests (including via exclusive at-home testing) and possible cases among untested respondents. An estimated 27.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.8%–32.0%) or 1.8 million adults (95% CI: 1.6–2.1 million) had SARS-CoV-2 infection between 1 January and 16 March 2022.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Hyperimmune Intravenous Human Immunoglobulins Neutralizes Omicron Subvariants BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.3, and BA.4/BA.5 for Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019
Mayanka Awasthi, Hana Golding, Surender Khurana
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac642
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e503–e506
Our study demonstrates that neither 2020 convalescent plasma (CP) nor 2019/2020 intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) neutralizes Omicron subvariants BA.1 to BA.5.
Sotrovimab Resistance and Viral Persistence After Treatment of Immunocompromised Patients Infected With the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Variant
Sammy Huygens, Bas Oude Munnink, Arvind Gharbharan, Marion Koopmans, Bart Rijnders
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac601
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e507–e509
Viral evolution was evaluated in 47 immunocompromised patients treated with sotrovimab. Sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 following therapy was successful in 16. Mutations associated with sotrovimab resistance were documented in 6; viral replication continued after 30 days in 5. Combination antibody therapy may be required to avoid acquired resistance in immunocompromised patients.
Longitudinal Immune Response to 3 Doses of Messenger RNA Vaccine Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Pediatric Patients Receiving Chemotherapy for Cancer
Thomas Lehrnbecher, Ulrich Sack, Carsten Speckmann, Andreas H Groll, Andreas Boldt, Benjamin Siebald, Simone Hettmer, Eva-Maria Demmerath, Judith Reemtsma, Barbara Schenk, Sandra Ciesek, Jan-Henning Klusmann, Christian Jassoy, Sebastian Hoehl
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac570
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e510–e513
Our study in 21 pediatric cancer patients demonstrates that 3 doses of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) messenger RNA vaccine (BioNTech/Pfizer) elicited both humoral and cellular immunity in most patients during chemotherapy.
Influence of Nasopharyngeal Viral Load on the Spread of the Omicron BA.2 Variant
Marion Migueres, Chloé Dimeglio, Jean-Michel Mansuy, Florence Abravanel, Stéphanie Raymond, Justine Latour, Nicolas Jeanne, Noémie Ranger, Sébastien Lhomme, Karine Saune, Pauline Tremeaux, Jacques Izopet
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac563
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e514–e517
We used variant typing polymerase chain reaction to describe the evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron sublineages between December 2021 and mid-March 2022. The selective advantage of the BA.2 variant over BA.1 is not due to greater nasopharyngeal viral loads.
Lower Risk of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children With the Delta and Omicron Variants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
Jonathan M Cohen, Michael J Carter, C Ronny Cheung, Shamez Ladhani, for the Evelina Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally related to SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) Study Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac553
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e518–e521
Little is known about the risk of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) with different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants.
Persistent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection With accumulation of mutations in a patient with poorly controlled Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection
Tongai G Maponga, Montenique Jeffries, Houriiyah Tegally, Andrew Sutherland, Eduan Wilkinson, Richard J Lessells, Nokukhanya Msomi, Gert van Zyl, Tulio de Oliveira, Wolfgang Preiser
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac548
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e522–e525
A 22-year-old woman with uncontrolled advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was persistently infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) beta variant for 9 months, the virus accumulating >20 additional mutations.
Characterization of Virologic Rebound Following Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir Treatment for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Julie Boucau, Rockib Uddin, Caitlin Marino, James Regan, James P Flynn, Manish C Choudhary, Geoffrey Chen, Ashley M Stuckwisch, Josh Mathews, May Y Liew, Arshdeep Singh, Zahra Reynolds, Surabhi L Iyer, Grace C Chamberlin, Tammy D Vyas, Jatin M Vyas, Sarah E Turbett, Jonathan Z Li, Jacob E Lemieux, Amy K Barczak, Mark J Siedner
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac512
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e526–e529
We enrolled 7 individuals with recurrent symptoms or antigen test conversion following nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment. High viral loads (median 6.1 log10 copies/mL) were detected after rebound for a median of 17 days after initial diagnosis. Three had culturable virus for up to 16 days after initial diagnosis. No known resistance-associated mutations were identified.
Virologic and Immunologic Characterization of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Recrudescence After Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Treatment
Aaron F Carlin, Alex E Clark, Antoine Chaillon, Aaron F Garretson, William Bray, Magali Porrachia, AsherLev T Santos, Tariq M Rana, Davey M Smith
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac496
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e530–e532
We isolated a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) BA.2 variant from a person with coronavirus disease 2019 recrudescence after nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment.
Durability of Immune Responses After Boosting in Ad26.COV2.S-Primed Healthcare Workers
Roos S G Sablerolles, Wim J R Rietdijk, Abraham Goorhuis, Douwe F Postma, Leo G Visser, Katharina S Schmitz, Daryl Geers, Susanne Bogers, Eva van Haren, Marion P G Koopmans, Virgil A S H Dalm, Neeltje A Kootstra, Anke L W Huckriede, Renate Akkerman, Martin Beukema, Melvin Lafeber, Debbie van Baarle, Rory D de Vries, P Hugo M van der Kuy, Corine H GeurtsvanKessel, for the SWITCH Research Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac495
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e533–e536
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants raised questions regarding the durability of immune responses after homologous or heterologous boosters after Ad26.COV2.S-priming.
Rebound Phenomenon After Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in High-Risk Persons
Nischal Ranganath, John C O’Horo, Douglas W Challener, Sidna M Tulledge-Scheitel, Marsha L Pike, Michael O’Brien, Raymund R Razonable, Aditya Shah
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac481
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e537–e539
In a cohort of 483 high-risk patients treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir for COVID-19, 2 patients (0.4%) required hospitalization by day 30. Four patients (0.8%) experienced rebound of symptoms, which were generally mild, at a median of 9 days after treatment, and all resolved without additional COVID-19–directed therapy.
Early Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants Using Traveler-based Genomic Surveillance at 4 US Airports, September 2021–January 2022
Renee D Wegrzyn, Grace D Appiah, Robert Morfino, Scott R Milford, Allison Taylor Walker, Ezra T Ernst, William W Darrow, Siyao Lisa Li, Keith Robison, Duncan MacCannell, Dongjuan Dai, Brintha P Girinathan, Allison L Hicks, Bryan Cosca, Gabrielle Woronoff, Alex M Plocik, Birgitte B Simen, Leah Moriarty, Sarah Anne J Guagliardo, Martin S Cetron, Cindy R Friedman
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac461
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e540–e543
We enrolled arriving international air travelers in a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 genomic surveillance program. We used molecular testing of pooled nasal swabs and sequenced positive samples for sublineage. Traveler-based surveillance provided early-warning variant detection, reporting the first US Omicron BA.2 and BA.3 in North America.
Analysis of Myocarditis Among 252 Million mRNA-1273 Recipients Worldwide
Walter Straus, Veronica Urdaneta, Daina B Esposito, James A Mansi, Cesar Sanz Rodriguez, Paul Burton, José M Vega
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac446
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e544–e552
Growing evidence indicates a causal relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and myocarditis. Post-authorization safety data have also identified myocarditis as a rare safety event following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, particularly among adolescent and young-adult males after dose 2.
Point-of-Care Tenofovir Urine Testing for the Prediction of Treatment Failure and Drug Resistance During Initial Treatment for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Infection
Lucas E Hermans, Chijioke N Umunnakwe, Samanta T Lalla-Edward, Shane K Hebel, Hugo A Tempelman, Monique Nijhuis, Willem D F Venter, Annemarie M J Wensing
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac755
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e553–e560
Viral rebound during antiretroviral treatment (ART) is most often driven by suboptimal adherence in the absence of drug resistance. We assessed the diagnostic performance of point-of-care (POC) tenofovir (TFV) detection in urine for the prediction of viral rebound and drug resistance during ART.
Severe Mycobacterial Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) in Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Has Features of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Requires Prolonged Immune Suppression
Joseph M Rocco, Elizabeth Laidlaw, Frances Galindo, Megan Anderson, Adam Rupert, Jeanette Higgins, Ornella Sortino, Ana M Ortega-Villa, Virginia Sheikh, Gregg Roby, Safia Kuriakose, Andrea Lisco, Maura Manion, Irini Sereti
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac717
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e561–e570
People with HIV and mycobacterial infections can develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Liver Inflammation Is Common and Linked to Metabolic Derangements in Persons With Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Kara W Chew, Kunling Wu, Katherine Tassiopoulos, Frank J Palella, Jr, Susanna Naggie, Netanya S Utay, Edgar T Overton, Mark Sulkowski
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac708
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e571–e579
We sought to characterize in people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) the potential etiologies of elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, which are common and often unexplained.
Rifapentine With and Without Moxifloxacin for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (S31/A5349)
April C Pettit, Patrick P J Phillips, Ekaterina Kurbatova, Andrew Vernon, Payam Nahid, Rodney Dawson, Kelly E Dooley, Ian Sanne, Ziyaad Waja, Lerato Mohapi, Anthony T Podany, Wadzanai Samaneka, Rada M Savic, John L Johnson, Grace Muzanyi, Umesh G Lalloo, Kia Bryant, Erin Sizemore, Nigel Scott, Susan E Dorman, Richard E Chaisson, Susan Swindells, for the Tuberculosis Trials Consortium (TBTC) Study 31/AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) A5349 study team
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac707
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e580–e589
Tuberculosis (TB) Trials Consortium Study 31/AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5349, an international randomized open-label phase 3 noninferiority trial showed that a 4-month daily regimen substituting rifapentine for rifampin and moxifloxacin for ethambutol had noninferior efficacy and was safe for the treatment of drug-susceptible pulmonary TB (DS-PTB) compared with the standard 6-month regimen.
Update of Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transmission in France: Zero Transmission for 5482 Mothers on Continuous Antiretroviral Therapy From Conception and With Undetectable Viral Load at Delivery
Jeanne Sibiude, Jérôme Le Chenadec, Laurent Mandelbrot, Alexandre Hoctin, Catherine Dollfus, Albert Faye, Eida Bui, Emmanuelle Pannier, Jade Ghosn, Valerie Garrait, Véronique Avettand-Fenoel, Pierre Frange, Josiane Warszawski, Roland Tubiana
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac703
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e590–e598
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is remarkably effective in preventing perinatal transmission (PT) of HIV-1. We evaluated the PT rate in a population of women with widespread access to ART before conception.
Longitudinal Changes in Subclinical Vascular Disease in Ugandan Youth With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Sahera Dirajlal-Fargo, Chenya Zhao, Danielle Labbato, Abdus Sattar, Christine Karungi, Chris T Longenecker, Rashidah Nazzinda, Nicholas Funderburg, Cissy Kityo, Victor Musiime, Grace A McComsey
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac686
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e599–e606
Prospective investigations on the risk of cardiovascular disease among youth with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (PHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa are lacking.
Low Spontaneous Clearance Rates of Recently Acquired Hepatitis C Virus in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Men Who Have Sex With Men (PROBE-C Study)
Malte B Monin, Patrick Ingiliz, Thomas Lutz, Stefan Scholten, Christiane Cordes, Maria MartÃnez-Rebollar, Christoph D Spinner, Mark Nelson, Michael Rausch, Sanjay Bhagani, Lars Peters, Thomas Reiberger, Stefan Mauss, Jürgen K Rockstroh, Christoph Boesecke, for the PROBE-C study group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac680
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e607–e612
Using direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for recently acquired hepatitis C virus (RAHCV) infections, particularly in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive men who have sex with men (MSM), dramatically reduced the incidence of hepatitis C.
Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Titer and Coronary Artery Disease in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Samuel R Schnittman, Michael T Lu, Thomas Mayrhofer, Tricia H Burdo, Kathleen V Fitch, Sara McCallum, Evelynne S Fulda, Markella V Zanni, Borek Foldyna, Carlos Malvestutto, Carl J Fichtenbaum, Judith A Aberg, Gerald S Bloomfield, Edgar T Overton, Judith Currier, Pablo Tebas, Beverly E Sha, Heather J Ribaudo, Jacqueline M Flynn, Pamela S Douglas, Kristine M Erlandson, Steven K Grinspoon
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac662
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e613–e621
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is thought to result in increased immune activation in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PWH). Although some data have linked asymptomatic CMV infection to cardiovascular disease among PWH, it remains unknown whether CMV is associated with increased or high-risk coronary plaque.
Characteristics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Seroconversions in a Large Prospective Implementation Cohort Study of Oral HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis in Men Who Have Sex with Men (EPIC-NSW)
Nila J Dharan, Fengyi Jin, Stefanie Vaccher, Benjamin Bavinton, Barbara Yeung, Rebecca Guy, Andrew Carr, Iryna Zablotska, Janaki Amin, Philip Read, David J Templeton, Catriona Ooi, Sarah J Martin, Nathan Ryder, Don E Smith, Anna McNulty, Katherine Brown, Karen Price, Jo Holden, Andrew E Grulich, Expanded PrEP Implementation in Communities in New South Wales (EPIC-NSW) research group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac660
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e622–e628
Most human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversions in people who have initiated preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) occur in the context of insufficient adherence. We describe participants who seroconverted after being dispensed PrEP in a large PrEP implementation study in Australia.
Declining Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)–Associated Neurocognitive Disorders in Recent Years and Associated Factors in a Large Cohort of Antiretroviral Therapy–Treated Individuals With HIV
Ilaria Mastrorosa, Carmela Pinnetti, Anna Clelia Brita, Annalisa Mondi, Patrizia Lorenzini, Giulia Del Duca, Alessandra Vergori, Valentina Mazzotta, Roberta Gagliardini, Marta Camici, Federico De Zottis, Marisa Fusto, Maria Maddalena Plazzi, Elisabetta Grilli, Rita Bellagamba, Stefania Cicalini, Andrea Antinori
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac658
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e629–e637
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) have been suggested as persistent even with effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). Aims were to evaluate HAND prevalence and associated factors, in a large cohort of people-with-HIV (PWH).
Epigenetic Age Acceleration Markers Are Associated With Physiologic Frailty and All-Cause Mortality in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Krisann K Oursler, Vincent C Marconi, Zeyuan Wang, Ke Xu, Monty Montano, Kaku So-Armah, Amy C Justice, Yan V Sun
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac656
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e638–e644
Biomarkers that provide insight into drivers of aging are needed for people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). The study objective was to determine if epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) markers are associated with physiologic frailty measured by the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) Index and predict all-cause mortality for PWH.
First Demonstration Project of Long-Acting Injectable Antiretroviral Therapy for Persons With and Without Detectable Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Viremia in an Urban HIV Clinic
Katerina A Christopoulos, Janet Grochowski, Francis Mayorga-Munoz, Matthew D Hickey, Elizabeth Imbert, John D Szumowski, Samantha Dilworth, Jon Oskarsson, Mary Shiels, Diane Havlir, Monica Gandhi
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac631
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e645–e651,
Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (LAI-ART) is approved for treatment-naive or experienced people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) based on trials that only included participants with viral suppression.
Metabolic-Related Outcomes After Switching From Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate to Tenofovir Alafenamide in Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
Javier MartÃnez-Sanz, Sergio Serrano-Villar, Alfonso Muriel, Lucio J GarcÃa Fraile, Eva Orviz, Ã�lvaro Mena de Cea, Antoni A Campins, Santiago Moreno on behalf of CoRIS
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac621
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e652–e660, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac621
Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) has replaced tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in many clinical settings. However, concerns remain about potential metabolic complications of TAF.
Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Women With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Brandilyn A Peters, David B Hanna, Anjali Sharma, Kathryn Anastos, Donald R Hoover, Qiuhu Shi, Caitlin A Moran, Elizabeth A Jackson, Maria L Alcaide, Igho Ofotokun, Adaora A Adimora, Sabina A Haberlen, Mardge Cohen, Phyllis C Tien, Katherine G Michel, Steven R Levine, Howard N Hodis, Robert C Kaplan, Michael T Yin
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac620
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e661–e670
Estrogen-based hormone therapy (HT) may have beneficial cardiovascular effects when initiated in early menopause. This has not been examined in women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), who have heightened immune activation and cardiovascular risks.
Timeliness of Point-of-Care Viral Load Results Improves Human Immunodeficiency Virus Monitoring in Nigeria
Beth Chaplin, Oche Agbaji, Harry Reyes Nieva, Bola Olatunde, Charlotte Chang, Kiren Mitruka, Halima Sule, Titus Dajel, Aaron Zee, Mukhtar L Ahmed, Isah Ahmed, Prosper Okonkwo, Holly Rawizza, Phyllis Kanki
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac609
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e671–e680
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load (VL) monitoring is critical for antiretroviral therapy (ART) management. Point-of-care (POC) VL testing has been reported to be feasible and preferred over standard-of-care (SOC) testing in many low- and middle-income country settings where rapid results could improve patient outcomes.
Clinical Outcomes in a Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Point-of-Care With Standard Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Viral Load Monitoring in Nigeria
Charlotte Chang, Oche Agbaji, Kiren Mitruka, Bola Olatunde, Halima Sule, Titus Dajel, Aaron Zee, Mukhtar L Ahmed, Isah Ahmed, Prosper Okonkwo, Beth Chaplin, Phyllis Kanki
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac605
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e681–e691
Point-of-care (POC) viral load (VL) tests provide results within hours, enabling same-day treatment interventions. We assessed treatment outcomes with POC vs standard-of-care (SOC) VL monitoring.
Incidence and Clearance of Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection in 16 164 Individuals, According to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status, Sex, and Male Sexuality: An International Pooled Analysis of 34 Longitudinal Studies
Feixue Wei, Marc T Goodman, Ningshao Xia, Jun Zhang, Anna R Giuliano, Gypsyamber D’Souza, Nancy A Hessol, Maarten F Schim van der Loeff, Jianghong Dai, Karin Neukam, Alexandra de Pokomandy, I Mary Poynten, Ronald B Geskus, Joaquin Burgos, Isabelle Etienney, Anna-Barbara Moscicki, Maria Gabriella Donà , Maura L Gillison, Alan G Nyitray, Rebecca G Nowak, Evy Yunihastuti, Huachun Zou, Carmen Hidalgo-Tenorio, Nittaya Phanuphak, Jean-Michel Molina, Alice M Schofield, Stephen Kerr, Song Fan, Yong Lu, Jason J Ong, Admire T Chikandiwa, Sirinya Teeraananchai, Nicola Squillace, Dorothy J Wiley, Joel M Palefsky, Damien Georges, Catharina J Alberts, Gary M Clifford
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac581
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e692–e701
Understanding the natural history of anal high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection is key for designing anal cancer prevention programs but has not been systematically characterized.
Impact of Hepatitis C Virus Cure on Depressive Symptoms in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis C Virus Coinfected Population in Canada
Gayatri Marathe, Erica E M Moodie, Marie-Josée Brouillette, Charlotte Lanièce Delaunay, Joseph Cox, Valérie Martel-Laferrière, John Gill, Curtis Cooper, Neora Pick, Marie-Louise Vachon, Sharon Walmsley, Marina B Klein, the Canadian Co-Infection Cohort
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac540
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e702–e709,
Depression is common in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), with biological and psychosocial mechanisms at play.
Unmasking Pneumococcal Carriage in a High Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Prevalence Population in two Community Cohorts in South Africa, 2016–2018: The PHIRST Study
Maimuna Carrim, Stefano Tempia, Deus Thindwa, Neil A Martinson, Kathleen Kahn, Stefan Flasche, Orienka Hellferscee, Florette K Treurnicht, Meredith L McMorrow, Jocelyn Moyes, Thulisa Mkhencele, Azwifarwi Mathunjwa, Jackie Kleynhans, Limakatso Lebina, Katlego Mothlaoleng, Floidy Wafawanaka, Francesc Xavier Gómez-Olivé, Cheryl Cohen, Anne von Gottberg, Nicole Wolter, for the PHIRST group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac499
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e710–e717
Longitudinal pneumococcus colonization data in high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence settings following pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction are limited.
Immunological, Cognitive, and Psychiatric Outcomes After Initiating Efavirenz- and Dolutegravir-based Antiretroviral Therapy During Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Phillip Chan, Bohyung Yoon, Donn Colby, Eugène Kroon, Carlo Sacdalan, Somchai Sriplienchan, Suteeraporn Pinyakorn, Jintanat Ananworanich, Victor Valcour, Sandhya Vasan, Denise Hsu, Nittaya Phanuphak, Robert Paul, Serena Spudich
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac466
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e718–e726
Efavirenz (EFV)- and dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the former and current recommended regimen for treatment-naive individuals with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Whether they impact the immunological and neuropsychiatric profile differentially remains unclear.
Lung Function in Women With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Richard J Wang, Mehdi Nouraie, Ken M Kunisaki, Laurence Huang, Phyllis C Tien, Kathryn Anastos, Neha Bhandari, Surya P Bhatt, Hector Bolivar, Sushma K Cribbs, Robert Foronjy, Stephen J Gange, Deepa Lazarous, Alison Morris, M Bradley Drummond
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac391
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e727–e735
Prior studies have found that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with impaired lung function and increased risk of chronic lung disease, but few have included large numbers of women.
Trans-inclusive Sexual Health Questionnaire to Improve Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Care for Transgender Patients: Anatomic Site–Specific STI Prevalence and Screening
Diana M Tordoff, Julia C Dombrowski, Meena S Ramchandani, Lindley A Barbee
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac370
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e736–e743
In 2018, the municipal Sexual Health Clinic in Seattle, implemented trans-inclusive questions about sexual behavior, anatomy, gender-affirming surgeries, and sexually transmitted infection (STI) symptoms in the clinic’s computer-assisted self-interview (CASI) to improve care for transgender and nonbinary (TNB) patients.
Infants Receiving Very Early Antiretroviral Therapy Have High CD4 Counts in the First Year of Life
Bryan S Nelson, Camlin Tierney, Deborah Persaud, Jennifer Jao, Mark F Cotton, Yvonne Bryson, Anne Coletti, Theodore D Ruel, Stephen A Spector, Christina Reding, Kira Bacon, Diane Costello, Charlotte Perlowski, Maria Leticia Santos Cruz, Josphat Kosgei, Sai Majji, Dwight E Yin, Patrick Jean-Philippe, Ellen G Chadwick, for the IMPAACT P1115 Team
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac695
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e744–e747
We followed 54 infants with in utero HIV after initiating very early antiretroviral treatment. At weeks 24 and 48, ≥80% had CD4 ≥1500 cells/mm3 and CD4% ≥25%. Routine Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis in the first year of life may not be necessary for all very early treated infants.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA Levels in Rectal and Seminal Compartments After Switching to Long-Acting Cabotegravir Plus Rilpivirine: A Longitudinal Study
Mar Masiá, Marta Fernández-González, Vanesa Agulló, Paula Mascarell, Sergio Padilla, Javier GarcÃa-Abellán, Félix Gutiérrez
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac676
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e748–e751
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels were longitudinally evaluated in 211 rectal and 152 seminal samples from 12 virologically suppressed participants switching to monthly long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine or continuing with daily dolutegravir-abacavir-lamivudine.
Hepatitis C Virus Infection Preceding an Outbreak of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Among Persons Who Inject Drugs—Kanawha County, West Virginia, 2019–2021
Alana G Hudson, Robert A Bonacci, Anne C Moorman, McKenna Penley, Suzanne M Wilson, Jessica L Hoffman, Erica R Thomasson, R Paul McClung, Danae Bixler
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac619
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e752–e754
Of 65 cases during a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outbreak among persons who inject drugs (PWID) in West Virginia (2019–2021), 61 (94%) had hepatitis C diagnosed a median of 46 months prior to HIV diagnosis. Hepatitis C diagnosis among PWID should trigger improved access to prevention and treatment services.
The Effect of Menopausal Status, Age, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) on Non-AIDS Comorbidity Burden Among US Women
Lauren F Collins, C Christina Mehta, Frank J Palella, Jr, Yetunde Fatade, Susanna Naggie, Elizabeth T Golub, Kathryn Anastos, Audrey L French, Seble Kassaye, Tonya N Taylor, Margaret A Fischl, Adaora A Adimora, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Phyllis C Tien, Anandi N Sheth, Ighovwerha Ofotokun
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac465
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e755–e758
Menopause may impact the earlier onset of aging-related comorbidities among women with versus without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We found that menopausal status, age, and HIV were independently associated with higher comorbidity burden, and that HIV impacted burden most in the pre-/perimenopausal phases.
Outpatient Cryptococcal Antigen Screening Is Associated With Favorable Baseline Characteristics and Improved Survival in Persons With Cryptococcal Meningitis in Uganda
Anna E Levin, Ananta S Bangdiwala, Elizabeth Nalintya, Enock Kagimu, John Kasibante, Morris K Rutakingirwa, Edward Mpoza, Samuel Jjunju, Edwin Nuwagira, Rose Naluyima, Paul Kirumira, Cody Hou, Kenneth Ssebambulidde, Abdu K Musubire, Darlisha A Williams, Mahsa Abassi, Conrad Muzoora, Katherine H Hullsiek, Radha Rajasingham, David B Meya, David R Boulware, Caleb P Skipper
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac599
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e759–e765
It is unknown whether persons with symptomatic cryptococcal meningitis detected during routine blood cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening have better survival than persons presenting with overt meningitis.
Transitioning Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus to First-Line Preferred Regimen of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate, Lamivudine, and Dolutegravir in Sub-Saharan Africa
Neha Shah, Allahna Esber, J Sean Cavanaugh, Patricia Agaba, Nicole Dear, Michael Iroezindu, Emmanuel Bahemana, Hannah Kibuuka, John Owuoth, Jonah Maswai, Valentine Singoei, Trevor A Crowell, Christina S Polyak, Julie A Ake, the AFRICOS Study Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac555
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e766–e772
In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended combined tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, lamivudine, and dolutegravir (TLD) as the preferred first-line regimen for adults and adolescents with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), regardless of childbearing status.
Access to Medicines for Treating People With Cryptococcal Meningitis
Jessica Burry, Carmen Perez Casas, Nathan Ford
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac689
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e773–e775
Cryptococcal meningitis accounts for 1 in 5 AIDS-related deaths globally. World Health Organization guidelines strongly recommend a single high dose of liposomal amphotericin B as part of preferred treatment, but this drug remains unaffordable in most low- and middle-income countries. A proactive approach is needed from manufacturers and other stakeholders to improve access.
Distribution of Macrolide Resistant Mycoplasma genitalium in Urogenital Tract Specimens From Women Enrolled in a US Clinical Study Cohort
Damon Getman, Seth Cohen, Alice Jiang
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac602
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e776–e782
This study evaluated the distribution of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma genitalium in multiple urogenital specimens collected from women enrolled in a prospective multicenter US clinical study.
Characterization of Hepatitis B Virus in Tenofovir-Treated and Untreated Chronically Infected Mothers and Their Immunoprophylaxis Failure Infants
Hong-Yuan Hsu, Huey-Ling Chen, Cheng-Lun Chiang, Ming-Wei Lai, Shu-Chi Mu, Wan-Hsin Wen, Shao-Wen Cheng, Jen-Jan Hu, Kai-Chi Chang, Chien-Nan Lee, Chun-Jen Liu, Jia-Feng Wu, Yen-Hsuan Ni, Mei-Hwei Chang, the Taiwan Study Group for the Prevention of Mother-to-Infant Transmission of HBV (PreMIT study)
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac539
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e783–e790
Maternal tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) therapy during late pregnancy can reduce mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV). We investigated HBV mutations associated with maternal TDF therapy and their role in infant immunonophylaxis failure (IPF).
Simplifying Treatment Criteria in Chronic Hepatitis B: Reducing Barriers to Elimination
Robert J Wong, Harvey W Kaufman, Justin K Niles, Hema Kapoor, Robert G Gish
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac385
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e791–e800
Early, sustained hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA suppression reduces long-term risks of hepatocellular carcinoma. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treatment criteria are complex.
Effect of Antiviral Treatment on Hepatitis B Virus Integration and Hepatocyte Clonal Expansion
Ning Chow, Danny Wong, Ching-Lung Lai, Lung-Yi Mak, James Fung, Hoi-Tang Ma, Meng-Wai Lei, Wai-Kay Seto, Man-Fung Yuen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac383
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e801–e809
This study investigated the effect of nucleos(t)ide analogue (NUC) treatment on hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA integration and hepatocyte clonal expansion, both of which are implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis B.
Estimation of the Lifetime Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) Lost Due to Syphilis Acquired in the United States in 2018
Kyueun Lee, Shiying You, Yunfei Li, Harrell Chesson, Thomas L Gift, Andrés A Berruti, Katherine Hsu, Reza Yaesoubi, Joshua A Salomon, Minttu Rönn
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac427
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e810–e819
The purpose of this study was to estimate the health impact of syphilis in the United States in terms of the number of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) lost attributable to infections in 2018.
High Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1c Proviral Loads Are Associated With Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: Results of a Cross-Sectional Community Survey in Central Australia
Mohammad Radwanur Talukder, Richard Woodman, Hai Pham, Kim Wilson, Antoine Gessain, John Kaldor, Lloyd Einsiedel
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac614
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e820–e826
A link between chronic inflammation and several noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has been established. Although chronic infection with the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the recognized cause of several inflammatory diseases and these are associated with a high number of HTLV-1–infected cells in peripheral blood (proviral load [PVL]), possible interactions between PVL and NCDs have not been studied at a community level.
FAM19A4/miR124-2 Methylation Testing and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 Genotyping in HPV-Positive Women Under the Age of 30 Years
Frederique J Vink, Chris J L M Meijer, Albertus T Hesselink, Arno N Floore, Birgit I Lissenberg-Witte, Jesper H Bonde, Helle Pedersen, Kate Cuschieri, Ramya Bhatia, Mario Poljak, Anja Oštrbenk Valen�ak, Peter Hillemanns, Wim G V Quint, Marta del Pino, Gemma G Kenter, Renske D M Steenbergen, Daniëlle A M Heideman, Maaike C G Bleeker
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac433
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e827–e834
High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2/3 lesions in human papillomavirus (HPV)–positive women <30 years of age have high spontaneous regression rates.
Post-Ebola Symptoms 7 Years After Infection: The Natural History of Long Ebola
David Alain Wohl, William A Fischer, II, Wenwen Mei, Fei Zou, Samuel Tozay, Edwin Reeves, Korto Pewu, Jean Demarco, John Schieffelin, Henrietta Johnson, Tonia Conneh, Gerald Williams, Darrius McMillian, Jerry Brown
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac732
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e835–e840
Lingering symptoms have been reported by survivors of Ebola virus disease (EVD). There are few data describing the persistence and severity of these symptoms over time.
Pharmacokinetics of Ribavirin in the Treatment of Lassa Fever: An Observational Clinical Study at the Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria
Mirjam Groger, Peter Akhideno, Christine J Kleist, Femi O Babatunde, Osahogie Edeawe, Julia Hinzmann, ThankGod Akhigbe, Joy Nwatuzor, Gloria Eifediyi, Jonas Müller, Mette Hinrichs, Meike Pahlmann, Francisca Naana Sarpong, Christine Wagner, Anke Thielebein, Louis Aihonwalan, Till Koch, Maria Riedner, Ephraim Ogbaini-Emovon, Sylvanus Okogbenin, Stephan Günther, Sebastian G Wicha, Michael Ramharter, Lisa Oestereich, Sophie Duraffour, Cyril Erameh
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac578
Risk Factors for Ebola Virus Persistence in Semen of Survivors in Liberia
Jonathan Dyal, Aaron Kofman, Jomah Z Kollie, John Fankhauser, Romeo Orone, Moses J Soka, Uriah Glaybo, Armah Kiawu, Edna Freeman, Giovanni Giah, Henry D Tony, Mylene Faikai, Mary Jawara, Kuku Kamara, Samuel Kamara, Benjamin Flowers, Mohammed L Kromah, Rodel Desamu-Thorpe, James Graziano, Shelley Brown, Maria E Morales-Betoulle, Deborah L Cannon, Kaihong Su, Susanne L Linderman, Mateusz Plucinski, Eric Rogier, Richard S Bradbury, W Evan Secor, Katherine E Bowden, Christi Phillips, Mary N Carrington, Yeon-Hwa Park, Maureen P Martin, Maria del Pilar Aguinaga, Robert Mushi, Dana L Haberling, Elizabeth D Ervin, John D Klena, Moses Massaquoi, Tolbert Nyenswah, Stuart T Nichol, David E Chiriboga, Desmond E Williams, Steven H Hinrichs, Rafi Ahmed, Benjamin T Vonhm, Pierre E Rollin, Lawrence J Purpura, Mary J Choi
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac424
Long-term persistence of Ebola virus (EBOV) in immunologically privileged sites has been implicated in recent outbreaks of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Guinea and the Democratic Republic of Congo. This study was designed to understand how the acute course of EVD, convalescence, and host immune and genetic factors may play a role in prolonged viral persistence in semen.
Post-artesunate Delayed Hemolysis in Patients With Severe Malaria in the United States—April 2019 Through July 2021
Francisca Abanyie, Joanna Ng, Kathrine R Tan
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac719
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e857–e863
Studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of intravenous artesunate (IVAS) for treatment of severe malaria in endemic and nonendemic countries. However, post-artesunate delayed hemolysis (PADH) is an increasingly recognized phenomenon after its administration.
Food and Drug Administration Approval of Artesunate for Severe Malaria: Enough to Achieve Best Practice?
Christine M Thomas, William M Stauffer, Jonathan D Alpern
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac728
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e864–e866
Intravenous artesunate has been the global standard of care for severe malaria for over 2 decades. Yet, until recently, artesunate has only been available to patients through an expanded-access protocol from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Understanding Spatiotemporal Human Mobility Patterns for Malaria Control Using a Multiagent Mobility Simulation Model
Yao Li, Kathleen Stewart, Kay Thwe Han, Zay Yar Han, Poe P Aung, Zaw W Thein, Thura Htay, Dong Chen, Myaing M Nyunt, Christopher V Plowe
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac568
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e867–e874
More details about human movement patterns are needed to evaluate relationships between daily travel and malaria risk at finer scales. A multiagent mobility simulation model was built to simulate the movements of villagers between home and their workplaces in 2 townships in Myanmar.
Impact of Intermittent Presumptive Treatment for Malaria in Pregnancy on Hospital Birth Outcomes on the Kenyan Coast
Alice Kamau, Moses Musau, Stella Mwakio, David Amadi, Amek Nyaguara, Philip Bejon, Anna C Seale, James A Berkley, Robert W Snow
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac509
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e875–e883
Intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp) for pregnant women with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (SP) is widely implemented for the prevention of malaria in pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes. The efficacy of SP is declining, and there are concerns that IPTp may have reduced impact in areas of high resistance.
Impact of Chemoprophylaxis on Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale Infection Among Civilian Travelers: A Nested Case-Control Study With a Counterfactual Approach on 862 Patients
Maëlle Le Goff, Eric Kendjo, Marc Thellier, Renaud Piarroux, Pierre-Yves Boelle, Stéphane Jauréguiberry,
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac641
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e884–e893
The impact of chemoprophylaxis targeting Plasmodium falciparum on Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale, which may remain quiescent as hypnozoites in the liver, is debated.
The Performance of Computer-Aided Detection Digital Chest X-ray Reading Technologies for Triage of Active Tuberculosis Among Persons With a History of Previous Tuberculosis
Mary Kagujje, Andrew D Kerkhoff, Mutinta Nteeni, Ian Dunn, Kondwelani Mateyo, Monde Muyoyeta
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac679
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e894–e901
Digital chest X-ray (dCXR) computer-aided detection (CAD) technology uses lung shape and texture analysis to determine the probability of tuberculosis (TB).
The Association Between Social Network Characteristics and Tuberculosis Infection Among Adults in 9 Rural Ugandan Communities
Carina Marquez, Yiqun Chen, Mucunguzi Atukunda, Gabriel Chamie, Laura B Balzer, Joel Kironde, Emmanuel Ssemmondo, Florence Mwangwa, Jane Kabami, Asiphas Owaraganise, Elijah Kakande, Rachel Abbott, Bob Ssekyanzi, Catherine Koss, Moses R Kamya, Edwin D Charlebois, Diane V Havlir, Maya L Petersen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac669
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e902–e909
Decreased Dolutegravir and Efavirenz Concentrations With Preserved Virological Suppression in Patients With Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Receiving High-Dose Rifampicin
Christine Sekaggya-Wiltshire, Ruth Nabisere, Joseph Musaazi, Brian Otaalo, Florence Aber, Lucy Alinaitwe, Juliet Nampala, Letisha Najjemba, Allan Buzibye, Denis Omali, Kamunkhwala Gausi, Allan Kengo, Mohammed Lamorde, Rob Aarnoutse, Paolo Denti, Kelly E Dooley, Derek J Sloan
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac585
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e910–e919
Non-actionable Results, Accuracy, and Effect of First- and Second-line Line Probe Assays for Diagnosing Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Including on Smear-Negative Specimens, in a High-Volume Laboratory
Samantha Pillay, Margaretha de Vos, Brigitta Derendinger, Elizabeth Maria Streicher, Tania Dolby, Leeré Ann Scott, Amy Debra Steinhobel, Rob Mark Warren, Grant Theron
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac556
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e920–e929
Rapid tuberculosis (TB) drug susceptibility testing (DST) is crucial. Genotype MTBDRsl is a widely deployed World Health Organization (WHO)–endorsed assay. Programmatic performance data, including non-actionable results from smear-negative sputum, are scarce.
Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes in Brazil: Different Predictors for Each Type of Unsuccessful Outcome
Felipe Ridolfi, Lauren Peetluk, Gustavo Amorim, Megan Turner, Marina Figueiredo, Marcelo Cordeiro-Santos, Solange Cavalcante, Afrânio Kritski, Betina Durovni, Bruno Andrade, Timothy R Sterling, Valeria Rolla, for the Regional Prospective Observational Research in Tuberculosis (RePORT)–Brazil Consortium
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac541
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e930–e937
Successful tuberculosis (TB) treatment is necessary for disease control. The World Health Organization (WHO) has a target TB treatment success rate of ≥90%. We assessed whether the different types of unfavorable TB treatment outcome had different predictors.
Bedaquiline, Delamanid, Linezolid, and Clofazimine for Treatment of Pre-extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Chandrasekaran Padmapriyadarsini, Vikram Vohra, Anuj Bhatnagar, Rajesh Solanki, Rathinam Sridhar, Lalitkumar Anande, M Muthuvijaylakshmi, Meera Bhatia Rana, Bharathi Jeyadeepa, Gaurav Taneja, S Balaji, Prashant Shah, N Saravanan, Vijay Chavan, Hemanth Kumar, Chinnayin Ponnuraja, Viktoriya Livchits, Monica Bahl, Umesh Alavadi, K S Sachdeva, Soumya Swaminathan, for the BEAT India Team
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac528
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e938–e946
Treatment success rates for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remain low globally. Availability of newer drugs has given scope to develop regimens that can be patient-friendly, less toxic, with improved outcomes.
Association Between Increased Linezolid Plasma Concentrations and the Development of Severe Toxicity in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment
Johannes Eimer, Mathilde Fréchet-Jachym, Damien Le Dû, Eric Caumes, Najoua El-Helali, Dhiba Marigot-Outtandy, Frédéric Mechai, Gilles Peytavin, Valérie Pourcher, Christophe Rioux, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Jérôme Robert, Lorenzo Guglielmetti, for the LZDM group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac485
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e947–e956
Treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis with linezolid is characterized by high rates of adverse events. Evidence on therapeutic drug monitoring to predict drug toxicity is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the association of linezolid trough concentrations with severe toxicity.
Exhaled Mycobacterium tuberculosis Predicts Incident Infection in Household Contacts
Caroline M Williams, Abdul K Muhammad, Basil Sambou, Adama Bojang, Alhaji Jobe, Georgetta K Daffeh, Olumuyiwa Owolabi, Daniel Pan, Manish Pareek, Michael R Barer, Jayne S Sutherland, Pranabashis Haldar
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac455
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e957–e964
Halting transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by identifying infectious individuals early is key to eradicating tuberculosis (TB). Here we evaluate face mask sampling as a tool for stratifying the infection risk of individuals with pulmonary TB (PTB) to their household contacts.
Contribution of Reinfection to Annual Rate of Tuberculosis Infection (ARI) and Incidence of Tuberculosis Disease
C Robert Horsburgh, Jr, Youngji Jo, Brooke Nichols, Helen E Jenkins, Colin A Russell, Laura F White
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac451
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e965–e972
Modeling studies have concluded that 60–80% of tuberculosis (TB) infections result from reinfection of previously infected persons. The annual rate of infection (ARI), a standard measure of the risk of TB infection in a community, may not accurately reflect the true risk of infection among previously infected persons.
Long-Term Mortality of Tuberculosis Survivors in Korea: A Population-based Longitudinal Study
Hayoung Choi, Kyungdo Han, Jin-Hyung Jung, Sang Hyun Park, Sang Hyuk Kim, Hyung Koo Kang, Jang Won Sohn, Dong Wook Shin, Hyun Lee
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac411
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e973–e981
When assessing long-term tuberculosis (TB) mortality, few studies addressed the impact of behavior habits and socioeconomic status. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate long-term TB mortality and risk factors while accounting for potential confounders.
Congenital Tuberculosis After In Vitro Fertilization: A Case for Tuberculosis Screening of Women Evaluated for Infertility
Ashley Sands, Maria T Santiago, Shanika Uduwana, Lily Glater-Welt, Idil D Ezhuthachan, Gina Coscia, Lisa Hayes, Gregory J Berry, Lorry G Rubin, Stefan H F Hagmann
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac542
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e982–e986
We report a case of multidrug-resistant congenital tuberculosis (TB) in an infant conceived by in vitro fertilization and review 22 additional infant–mother pairs in the literature. Females evaluated for infertility should be screened for TB risk, and those at risk require a TB-specific diagnostic evaluation before receiving assisted reproductive treatment.
Sensitivity of Various Case Detection Algorithms for Community-based Tuberculosis Screening
Daniela Puma, Courtney M Yuen, Ana K Millones, Meredith B Brooks, Judith Jimenez, Roger I Calderon, Leonid Lecca, Mercedes C Becerra, Salmaan Keshavjee
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac492
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e987–e989
Using data from 388 people diagnosed with tuberculosis through a community-based screening program in Lima, Peru, we estimated that cough screening followed by sputum smear microscopy would have detected only 23% of cases found using an algorithm of radiographic screening followed by rapid nucleic acid amplification testing and clinical evaluation.
Tuberculosis Molecular Bacterial Load Assay Reveals Early Delayed Bacterial Killing in Patients With Relapse
Nyanda Elias Ntinginya, Abhishek Bakuli, Daniel Mapamba, Wilber Sabiiti, Gibson Kibiki, Lilian Tina Minja, Davis Kuchaka, Klaus Reither, Patrick Peter John Phillips, Martin Johan Boeree, Stephen H Gillespie, Michael Hoelscher, Norbert Heinrich, for the Pan African Consortium for the Evaluation of Antituberculosis Antibiotics (PanACEA) Consortium
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac445
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e990–e994
Bacterial killing in patients with tuberculosis (TB) relapse was compared to that in patients achieving cure, measured by TB molecular bacterial load assay (TB-MBLA) or mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) time to positivity (TTP).
Risk Factors for Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infections in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Multinational Case-Control Study
Carlos Mejia-Chew, Peggy L Carver, Sasinuch Rutjanawech, Luis F Aranha Camargo, Ruan Fernandes, Sara Belga, Shay-Anne Daniels, Nicolas J Müller, Sara Burkhard, Nicole M Theodoropoulos, Douwe F Postma, Pleun J van Duijn, MarÃa Carmen Fariñas, Claudia González-Rico, Jonathan Hand, Adam Lowe, Marta Bodro, Elisa Vanino, Ana Fernández Cruz, Antonio Ramos, Mateja Jankovic Makek, Ribal Bou Mjahed, Oriol Manuel, Nassim Kamar, Antonia Calvo-Cano, Laura Rueda Carrasco, Patricia Muñoz, Sara RodrÃguez, Sandra Pérez-Recio, Núria Sabé, Regino RodrÃguez Ã�lvarez, José Tiago Silva, Alessandra Mularoni, Elisa Vidal, Juana Alonso-Titos, Teresa del Rosal, Annika Y Classen, Charles W Goss, Mansi Agarwal, Francisco López-Medrano on behalf of the EMOTE study group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac608
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e995–e1003
Risk factors for nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections after solid organ transplant (SOT) are not well characterized. Here we aimed to describe these factors.
Pathogens Identified by Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling in India and Pakistan From Preterm Neonatal Deaths: The PURPOSE Study
Najia Karim Ghanchi, Imran Ahmed, Jean Kim, Sheetal Harakuni, Manjunath S Somannavar, Afia Zafar, Shiyam Sunder Tikmani, Sarah Saleem, Shivaprasad S Goudar, Sangappa M Dhaded, Gowdar Guruprasad, S Yogeshkumar, Kay Hwang, Anna Aceituno, Robert M Silver, Elizabeth M McClure, Robert L Goldenberg
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac747
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1004–e1011
We identified pathogens found in internal organs and placentas of deceased preterm infants cared for in hospitals in India and Pakistan.
The Spectrum of Influenza in Children
Gregory Hoy, Guillermina Kuan, Roger López, Nery Sánchez, Brenda López, Sergio Ojeda, Hannah Maier, Mayuri Patel, Steph Wraith, Alyssa Meyers, Lora Campredon, Angel Balmaseda, Aubree Gordon
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac734
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1012–e1020
Children constitute an important component of the influenza burden and community transmission, but the frequency of asymptomatic infection and post-influenza sequelae at the community level is poorly understood.
Antibiotic Indications and Appropriateness in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A 10-Center Point Prevalence Study
Kathleen Chiotos, Jennifer Blumenthal, Juri Boguniewicz, Debra L Palazzi, Erika L Stalets, Jessica H Rubens, Pranita D Tamma, Stephanie S Cabler, Jason Newland, Hillary Crandall, Emily Berkman, Robert P Kavanagh, Hannah R Stinson, Jeffrey S Gerber
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac698
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1021–e1030
Antibiotics are prescribed to most pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients, but data describing indications and appropriateness of antibiotic orders in this population are lacking.
Sustained Within-season Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza-associated Hospitalization in Children: Evidence From the New Vaccine Surveillance Network, 2015–2016 Through 2019–2020
Leila C Sahni, Eric A Naioti, Samantha M Olson, Angela P Campbell, Marian G Michaels, John V Williams, Mary Allen Staat, Elizabeth P Schlaudecker, Monica M McNeal, Natasha B Halasa, Laura S Stewart, James D Chappell, Janet A Englund, Eileen J Klein, Peter G Szilagyi, Geoffrey A Weinberg, Christopher J Harrison, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Jennifer E Schuster, Parvin H Azimi, Monica N Singer, Vasanthi Avadhanula, Pedro A Piedra, Flor M Munoz, Manish M Patel, Julie A Boom
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac577
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1031–e1039
Adult studies have demonstrated within-season declines in influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE); data in children are limited.
Guideline-Concordant Antiviral Treatment in Children at High Risk for Influenza Complications
James W Antoon, Matt Hall, James A Feinstein, Kathryn E Kyler, Samir S Shah, Sonya Tang Girdwood, Jennifer L Goldman, Carlos G Grijalva, Derek J Williams
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac606
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1040–e1046
National guidelines recommend antiviral treatment for children with influenza at high risk for complications regardless of symptom duration. Little is known about concordance of clinical practice with this recommendation.
Risk Factors for Mortality Among Children Younger Than Age 5 Years With Severe Diarrhea in Low- and Middle-income Countries: Findings From the World Health Organization-coordinated Global Rotavirus and Pediatric Diarrhea Surveillance Networks
Rachel M Hartman, Adam L Cohen, Sebastien Antoni, Jason Mwenda, Goitom Weldegebriel, Joseph Biey, Keith Shaba, Lucia de Oliveira, Gloria Rey, Claudia Ortiz, Maria Tereza, Kamal Fahmy, Amany Ghoniem, Hossam Ashmony, Dovile Videbaek, Simarjit Singh, Emmanuel Tondo, Mohammed Sharifuzzaman, Jayantha Liyanage, Nyambat Batmunkh, Varja Grabovac, Josephine Logronio, Fatima Serhan, Tomoka Nakamura
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac561
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1047–e1053
Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years of age globally. The burden of diarrheal mortality is concentrated in low-resource settings. Little is known about the risk factors for childhood death from diarrheal disease in low- and middle-income countries.
Antibiotic Use and Stewardship Practices in a Pediatric Community-based Cohort Study in Peru: Shorter Would be Sweeter
Francesca Schiaffino, Josh M Colston, Maribel Paredes Olortegui, Silvia Rengifo Pinedo, Marcelo Zamora Babilonia, Cesar Ramal Asayag, Pablo Peñataro Yori, Margaret N Kosek
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac500
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1054–e1061
There is a need to evaluate antibiotic use, duration of therapy, and stewardship in low- and middle-income countries to guide the development of appropriate stewardship programs that are global in scope and effectively decrease unnecessary antibiotic use.
Distribution of Serotypes Causing Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Children From High-Income Countries and the Impact of Pediatric Pneumococcal Vaccination
Lindsay R Grant, Mary P E Slack, Christian Theilacker, Jelena Vojicic, Stephane Dion, Ralf-Rene Reinert, Luis Jodar, Bradford D Gessner
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac475
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1062–e1070
The introduction and adoption of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) into pediatric national immunization programs (NIPs) has led to large decreases in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence caused by vaccine serotypes. Despite these reductions, the global IPD burden in children remains significant.
Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Relatedness of Clostridioides difficile Isolates in Pediatric Oncology and Transplant Patients Using Whole Genome Sequencing
Ruba Barbar, Jessica N Brazelton, Karen C Carroll, Shawna Lewis, Dimitrios Bourdas, Anita Tembo, Linda Gluck, Hana Hakim, Randall T Hayden Author
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac459
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1071–e1078
The incidence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has been rising among hospitalized children, with poor understanding of genomic variability of C. difficile isolates in this population.
Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor as a Prognostic Marker of Ugandan Children at Risk of Severe and Fatal Malaria
Veselina Stefanova, Michelle Ngai, Andrea M Weckman, Julie K Wright, Kathleen Zhong, Melissa Richard-Greenblatt, Chloe R McDonald, Andrea L Conroy, Sophie Namasopo, Robert O Opoka, Michael Hawkes, Kevin C Kain
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac457
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1079–e1086
Current malaria diagnostic tests do not reliably identify children at risk of severe and fatal infection. Host immune and endothelial activation contribute to malaria pathogenesis. Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a marker of these pathways. We hypothesized that measuring suPAR at presentation could risk-stratify children with malaria.
Maternal Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccination During Pregnancy: Impact on Infant Anti-Pertussis Antibody Concentrations by Maternal Pertussis Priming Series
Fiona P Havers, Tami H Skoff, Marcia A Rench, Monica Epperson, Gowrisankar Rajam, Jarad Schiffer, Susan Hariri, Laurie S Swaim, Carol J Baker, C Mary Healy
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac432
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1087–e1093
Acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines replaced whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines for the US childhood primary series in 1997.
The Nicaraguan Pediatric Influenza Cohort Study, 2011–2019: Influenza Incidence, Seasonality, and Transmission
Hannah E Maier, Guillermina Kuan, Lionel Gresh, Gerardo Chowell, Kevin Bakker, Roger Lopez, Nery Sanchez, Brenda Lopez, Amy Schiller, Sergio Ojeda, Eva Harris, Angel Balmaseda, Aubree Gordon
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac420
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1094–e1103,
Children account for a large portion of global influenza burden and transmission, and a better understanding of influenza in children is needed to improve prevention and control strategies.
Malaria in Refugee Children Resettled to a Holoendemic Area of Sub-Saharan Africa
Manuela Hauser, Jean-Bertin B Kabuya, Molly Mantus, Luc K Kamavu, James L Sichivula, Wycliffe M Matende, Nora Fritschi, Timothy Shields, Frank Curriero, Anton Kvit, Gershom Chongwe, William J Moss, Nicole Ritz, Matthew M Ippolito
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac417
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1104–e1113
Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in refugee children in high-transmission parts of Africa. Characterizing the clinical features of malaria in refugees can inform approaches to reduce its burden.
La Crosse Virus Neuroinvasive Disease in Children: A Contemporary Analysis of Clinical/Neurobehavioral Outcomes and Predictors of Disease Severity
Angelique E Boutzoukas, Daniel A Freedman, Christine Koterba, Garrett W Hunt, Kathy Mack, Jennifer Cass, Vedat O Yildiz, Emily de los Reyes, Jaime Twanow, Melissa G Chung, Christopher P Ouellette
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac403
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1114–e1122
La Crosse virus (LACV) is the most common neuroinvasive arboviral infection in children in the United States. However, data regarding predictors of disease severity and neurologic outcome are limited. Additionally, long-term neurologic and neurobehavioral outcomes remain relatively sparse.
Antibiotic Treatment Duration for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Outpatient Children in High-Income Countries—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Ilari Kuitunen, Johanna Jääskeläinen, Matti Korppi, Marjo Renko
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac374
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1123–e1128
The optimal treatment duration of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children has been controversial in high-income countries. We conducted a meta-analysis to compare short antibiotic treatment (3–5 days) with longer treatment (7–10 days) among children aged ≥6 months.
Optimization of Timing of Maternal Pertussis Immunization From 6 Years of Postimplementation Surveillance Data in England
Gayatri Amirthalingam, Helen Campbell, Sonia Ribeiro, Julia Stowe, Elise Tessier, David Litt, Norman K Fry, Nick Andrews
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac651
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1129–e1139
England’s third-trimester maternal pertussis vaccination, introduced in October 2012, was extended to the second trimester in 2016. Maternal vaccination provides high protection against infant disease, but routine second-trimester vaccination has not previously been assessed.
Transmission Pattern of Measles Virus Circulating in China During 1993–2021: Genotyping Evidence Supports That China Is Approaching Measles Elimination
Huiling Wang, Zhen Zhu, Xiaojian Duan, Jinhua Song, Naiying Mao, Aili Cui, Changyin Wang, Hui Du, Yan Wang, Fangcai Li, Shujie Zhou, Daxing Feng, Chongshan Li, Hui Gao, Jilan He, Liqun Li, Yue Lei, Huanying Zheng, Tian Gong, Ying Hu, Changping Xu, Hua Zhao, Zhaodan Sun, Ying Chen, Xiaomin Tang, Meng Chen, Lili Deng, Shuang Wang, Xiaoling Tian, Ting Zhang, Yuan Si, Fang Yuan, Lixia Fan, Kuerban Mahemutijiang, Zhifei Chen, Haiyun Chen, Wenbo Xu, Yan Zhang
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac674
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1140–e1149
To provide useful insights into measles elimination progress in China, measles surveillance data were reviewed, and the transmission patterns of measles viruses circulating in China during 1993–2021 were analyzed.
Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy Against Different Rotavirus Genotypes: A Pooled Analysis of Phase II and III Trial Data
Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy Against Different Rotavirus Genotypes: A Pooled Analysis of Phase II and III Trial Data
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac699
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1150–e1156
Rotavirus vaccine performance appears worse in countries with high rotavirus genotype diversity.
Improving Traditional Registrational Trial End Points: Development and Application of a Desirability of Outcome Ranking End Point for Complicated Urinary Tract Infection Clinical Trials
Jessica Howard-Anderson, Toshimitsu Hamasaki, Weixiao Dai, Deborah Collyar, Daniel Rubin, Sumathi Nambiar, Tori Kinamon, Carol Hill, Steven P Gelone, David Mariano, Takamichi Baba, Thomas L Holland, Sarah B Doernberg, Henry F Chambers, Vance G Fowler, Jr, Scott R Evans, Helen W Boucher
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac692
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1157–e1165
Traditional end points used in registrational randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) often do not allow for complete interpretation of the full range of potential clinical outcomes.
Opening a DOOR for Pivotal Studies: An Example for Complicated Urinary Tract Infections
Jesús RodrÃguez-Baño, Belén Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac778
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1166–e1167
Effect of Repeat Vaccination on Immunogenicity of Quadrivalent Cell-Culture and Recombinant Influenza Vaccines Among Healthcare Personnel Aged 18–64 Years: A Randomized, Open-Label Trial
Manjusha Gaglani, Sara S Kim, Allison L Naleway, Min Z Levine, Laura Edwards, Kempapura Murthy, Kayan Dunnigan, Tnelda Zunie, Holly Groom, Sarah Ball, Zuha Jeddy, Danielle Hunt, Meredith G Wesley, Suryaprakash Sambhara, Shivaprakash Gangappa, Lauren Grant, Weiping Cao, F Liaini Gross, Margarita Mishina, Alicia M Fry, Mark G Thompson, Fatimah S Dawood, Brendan Flannery
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac683
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1168–e1176,
Antibody responses to non–egg-based standard-dose cell-culture influenza vaccine (containing 15 µg hemagglutinin [HA]/component) and recombinant vaccine (containing 45 µg HA/component) during consecutive seasons have not been studied in the United States.
Paromomycin and Miltefosine Combination as an Alternative to Treat Patients With Visceral Leishmaniasis in Eastern Africa: A Randomized, Controlled, Multicountry Trial
Ahmed M Musa, Jane Mbui, Rezika Mohammed, Joseph Olobo, Koert Ritmeijer, Gabriel Alcoba, Gina Muthoni Ouattara, Thaddaeus Egondi, Prossy Nakanwagi, Truphosa Omollo, Monique Wasunna, Luka Verrest, Thomas P C Dorlo, Brima Musa Younis, Ali Nour, Elmukashfi Taha Ahmed Elmukashfi, Ahmed Ismail Omer Haroun, Eltahir A G Khalil, Simon Njenga, Helina Fikre, Tigist Mekonnen, Dagnew Mersha, Kasaye Sisay, Patrick Sagaki, Jorge Alvar, Alexandra Solomos, Fabiana Alves
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac643
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1177–e1185
This study aimed to determine whether paromomycin plus miltefosine (PM/MF) is noninferior to sodium stibogluconate plus paromomycin (SSG/PM) for treatment of primary visceral leishmaniasis in eastern Africa.
A Phase 2, Randomized, Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled, Proof-of-Concept Trial of Oral Fexinidazole in Adults With Chronic Indeterminate Chagas Disease
Faustino Torrico, Joaquim Gascón, Lourdes Ortiz, Jimy Pinto, Gimena Rojas, Alejandro Palacios, Fabiana Barreira, Bethania Blum, Alejandro Gabriel Schijman, Michel Vaillant, Nathalie Strub-Wourgaft, Maria-Jesus Pinazo, Graeme Bilbe, Isabela Ribeiro
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac579
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1186–e1194
Chagas disease (CD) has significant global health impact, but safe, effective treatments remain elusive. The nitroimidazole fexinidazole is a potential treatment.
Validation of a Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire in Patients With Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection in ECOSPOR III, a Phase 3 Randomized Trial
Brittany Lapin, Kevin W Garey, Henry Wu, Sissi V Pham, Shirley P Huang, Pat Ray Reese, Elaine Wang, Abhishek Deshpande
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac554
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1195–e1201
Debilitating symptoms of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) often lead to long-term effects on health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL). In ECOSPOR III, SER-109, an investigational oral microbiome therapeutic, was superior to placebo in reducing rCDI.
The Impact of Universal Glove and Gown Use on Clostridioides Difficile Acquisition: A Cluster-Randomized Trial
Daniel J Morgan, Erik R Dubberke, Tiffany Hink, Gwen Paszkiewicz, Carey-Ann D Burnham, Lisa Pineles, Larry Magder, J Kristie Johnson, Surbhi Leekha, Anthony D Harris
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac519
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1202–e1207
Clostridioides difficile is the most common cause of healthcare-associated infections in the United States. It is unknown whether universal gown and glove use in intensive care units (ICUs) decreases acquisition of C. difficile.
Chlorhexidine and Mupirocin for Clearance of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization After Hospital Discharge: A Secondary Analysis of the Changing Lives by Eradicating Antibiotic Resistance Trial
Loren G Miller, Raveena Singh, Samantha J Eells, Daniel Gillen, James A McKinnell, Steven Park, Tom Tjoa, Justin Chang, Syma Rashid, Raul Macias-Gil, Lauren Heim, Adrijana Gombosev, Diane Kim, Eric Cui, Jennifer Lequieu, Chenghua Cao, Suzie S Hong, Ellena M Peterson, Kaye D Evans, Bryn Launer, Steven Tam, Michael Bolaris, Susan S Huang
doi : /10.1093/cid/ciac402
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1208–e1216
The CLEAR Trial demonstrated that a multisite body decolonization regimen reduced post-discharge infection and hospitalization in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriers. Here, we describe decolonization efficacy.
Ultra-Short-Course Antibiotics for Suspected Pneumonia With Preserved Oxygenation
Michael Klompas, Caroline McKenna, Aileen Ochoa, Wenjing Ji, Tom Chen, Jessica Young, Chanu Rhee, for the Prevention Epicenters Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac616
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1217–e1223
Suspected pneumonia is the most common indication for antibiotics in hospitalized patients but is frequently overdiagnosed. We explored whether normal oxygenation could be used as an indicator to support early discontinuation of antibiotics.
Patterns, Predictors, and Intercenter Variability in Empiric Gram-Negative Antibiotic Use Across 928 United States Hospitals
Katherine E Goodman, Jonathan D Baghdadi, Laurence S Magder, Emily L Heil, Mark Sutherland, Ryan Dillon, Laura Puzniak, Pranita D Tamma, Anthony D Harris
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac504
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1224–e1235
Empiric antibiotic use among hospitalized adults in the United States (US) is largely undescribed. Identifying factors associated with broad-spectrum empiric therapy may inform antibiotic stewardship interventions and facilitate benchmarking.
Global Distribution of O Serotypes and Antibiotic Resistance in Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Collected From the Blood of Patients With Bacteremia Across Multiple Surveillance Studies
Eveline Weerdenburg, Todd Davies, Brian Morrow, Aldert L Zomer, Peter Hermans, Oscar Go, Bart Spiessens, Thijs van den Hoven, Gunter van Geet, Moussa Aitabi, Chitrita DebRoy, Edward G Dudley, Marc Bonten, Jan Poolman, Jeroen Geurtsen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac421
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1236–e1243
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is the leading cause of bacteremia worldwide, with older populations having increased risk of invasive bacterial disease.
Association Between Clostridium innocuum and Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea in Adults and Children: A Cross-sectional Study and Comparative Genomics Analysis
Kathryn E Cherny, Emily B Muscat, Aakash Balaji, Jayabrata Mukherjee, Egon A Ozer, Michael P Angarone, Alan R Hauser, Joseph S Sichel, Emmanuel Amponsah, Larry K Kociolek
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac483
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1244–e1251
A recent study from Taiwan suggested that Clostridium innocuum may be an unrecognized cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and clinically indistinguishable from Clostridioides difficile infection.
Treatment With Reduced-Dose Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Is Effective in Mild to Moderate Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies
Helena Hammarström, Anders Krifors, Simon Athlin, Vanda Friman, Karan Golestani, Anita Hällgren, Gisela Otto, Sara Oweling, Karlis Pauksens, Amelie Kinch, Ola Blennow
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac386
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1252–e1260
Recent studies have reported that reduced-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) may be effective in the treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), but data are lacking for patients with hematologic malignancies.
Evolution and Transmission of Cefiderocol-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii During an Outbreak in the Burn Intensive Care Unit
Steven M Smoke, Alison Brophy, Samuel Reveron, Alina Iovleva, Ellen G Kline, Michael Marano, Lincoln P Miller, Ryan K Shields
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac647
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1261–e1265
We report on 11 critically ill burn patients treated with cefiderocol for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections. Clinical success was achieved in 36% and complicated by treatment-emergent resistance and interpatient transmission of cefiderocol-resistant A.
Continued Increase of Erythromycin Nonsusceptibility and Clindamycin Nonsusceptibility Among Invasive Group A Streptococci Driven by Genomic Clusters, United States, 2018–2019
Yuan Li, Joy Rivers, Saundra Mathis, Zhongya Li, Lesley McGee, Sopio Chochua, Benjamin J Metcalf, Katherine E Fleming-Dutra, Srinivas A Nanduri, Bernard Beall
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac468
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1266–e1269
We analyzed 9630 invasive GAS surveillance isolates in the USA. From 2015–2017 to 2018–2019, significant increases in erythromycin-nonsusceptibility (18% vs 25%) and clindamycin-nonsusceptibility (17% vs 24%) occurred, driven by rapid expansions of genomic subclones
Prior Exposure to Azithromycin and Azithromycin Resistance Among Persons Diagnosed With Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection at a Sexual Health Clinic: 2012–2019
Emily Rowlinson, Olusegun O Soge, James P Hughes, Anna Berzkalns, Christina Thibault, Roxanne P Kerani, Christine M Khosropour, Lisa E Manhart, Matthew R Golden, Lindley A Barbee
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac682
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1270–e1276,
There is conflicting evidence on whether prior azithromycin (AZM) exposure is associated with reduced susceptibility to AZM (AZMRS) among persons infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG).
Clinical Implementation of Routine Whole-genome Sequencing for Hospital Infection Control of Multi-drug Resistant Pathogens
Brian M Forde, Haakon Bergh, Thom Cuddihy, Krispin Hajkowicz, Trish Hurst, E Geoffrey Playford, Belinda C Henderson, Naomi Runnegar, Julia Clark, Amy V Jennison, Susan Moss, Anna Hume, Hugo Leroux, Scott A Beatson, David L Paterson, Patrick N A Harris
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac726
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1277–e1284
Prospective whole-genome sequencing (WGS)-based surveillance may be the optimal approach to rapidly identify transmission of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria in the healthcare setting.
Clinical and Molecular Analyses of Recurrent Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infections
Andrew Bock, Blake M Hanson, Felicia Ruffin, Joshua B Parsons, Lawrence P Park, Batu Sharma-Kuinkel, Michael Mohnasky, Cesar A Arias, Vance G Fowler, Jr, Joshua T Thaden
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac638
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1285–e1293
The causes and clinical characteristics of recurrent gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections (GNB-BSI) are poorly understood.
Development and Validation of a Risk Score to Differentiate Viral and Autoimmune Encephalitis in Adults
Alejandro Granillo, Marion Le Maréchal, Luisa Diaz-Arias, John Probasco, Arun Venkatesan, Rodrigo Hasbun
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac711
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1294–e1301
Encephalitis represents a challenging condition to diagnose and treat. To assist physicians in considering autoimmune encephalitis (AE) sooner, we developed and validated a risk score.
Revisiting the Evidence Base for Modern-Day Practice of the Treatment of Toxoplasmic Encephalitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Connor Prosty, Ryan Hanula, Yossef Levin, Isaac I Bogoch, Emily G McDonald, Todd C Lee
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac645
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1302–e1319
Toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) is an opportunistic infection of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or other causes of immunosuppression. Guideline-recommended treatments for TE are pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine (P-S) or pyrimethamine and clindamycin (P-C); however, a substantial price increase has limited access to pyrimethamine.
Transfusion-Transmitted Cache Valley Virus Infection in a Kidney Transplant Recipient With Meningoencephalitis
Omar Al-Heeti, En-Ling Wu, Michael G Ison, Rasleen K Saluja, Glenn Ramsey, Eduard Matkovic, Kevin Ha, Scott Hall, Bridget Banach, Michael R Wilson, Steve Miller, Charles Y Chiu, Muniba McCabe, Chowdhury Bari, Rebecca A Zimler, Hani Babiker, Debbie Freeman, Jonathan Popovitch, Pallavi Annambhotla, Jennifer A Lehman, Kelly Fitzpatrick, Jason O Velez, Emily H Davis, Holly R Hughes, Amanda Panella, Aaron Brault, J Erin Staples, Carolyn V Gould, Sajal Tanna
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac566
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1320–e1327
Cache Valley virus (CVV) is a mosquito-borne virus that is a rare cause of disease in humans. In the fall of 2020, a patient developed encephalitis 6 weeks following kidney transplantation and receipt of multiple blood transfusions.
Detection of Influenza in Managed Quarantine in Australia and the Estimated Risk of Importation
Heidi Peck, Nithila Anbumurali, Kimberley McMahon, Kevin Freeman, Ammar Aziz, Leah Gillespie, Bingyi Yang, Jean Moselen, Yi-Mo Deng, Benjamin J Cowling, Ian G Barr, Kanta Subbarao, Sheena G Sullivan
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac648
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1328–e1334
Influenza circulated at historically low levels during 2020/2021 due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic travel restrictions. In Australia, international arrivals were required to undergo a 14-day hotel quarantine to limit new introduction of SARS-CoV-2.
Increased Stroke Risk Following Herpes Zoster Infection and Protection With Zoster Vaccine
Ganapathi Iyer Parameswaran, Bethany A Wattengel, Hubert C Chua, Jessica Swiderek, Tom Fuchs, Michael T Carter, Laura Goode, Kathleen Doyle, Kari A Mergenhagen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac549
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1335–e1340,
Studies evaluating stroke following varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection are limited, and the utility of zoster vaccination against this phenomenon is unclear.
Prevention of Neisseria gonorrhoeae With Meningococcal B Vaccine: A Matched Cohort Study in Southern California
Katia J Bruxvoort, Joseph A Lewnard, Lie H Chen, Hung Fu Tseng, Jennifer Chang, Jennifer Veltman, Jeanne Marrazzo, Lei Qian
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac436
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1341–e1349
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is acquiring increasing resistance to available oral antibiotics, and current screening and treatment approaches have not decreased gonorrhea incidence.
Clinical Safety Experience of TAK-003 for Dengue Fever: A New Tetravalent Live Attenuated Vaccine Candidate
Sanjay S Patel, Martina Rauscher, Maria Kudela, Hang Pang
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac418
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1350–e1359
An unmet medical need remains for an effective dengue tetravalent vaccine that can be administered irrespective of previous dengue exposure.
Quinolone Ear Drops and Achilles Tendon Rupture
Phuong T Tran, Patrick J Antonelli, Almut G Winterstein
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac709
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1360–e1368
Delayed eardrum healing has been observed in the ear opposite to the ear treated with otic quinolones (OQ) in rats. Case reports describe tendinopathies after OQ treatment, suggesting adverse systemic effects.
Retrospective Multicenter Study Comparing Infectious and Noninfectious Aortitis
Mathilde Carrer, Carole Vignals, Xavier Berard, Caroline Caradu, Anne-Sophie Battut, Katherine Stenson, Didier Neau, Estibaliz Lazaro, Maxime Mehlen, Amaury Barret, Elsa Nyamankolly, François Lifermann, Patrick Rispal, Gabriela Illes, Nicolas Rouanes, Olivier Caubet, Stéphane Poirot-Mazeres, Marc-Olivier Vareil, Laure Alleman, Antoine Millon, Ugo Huvelle, Florent Valour, Tristan Ferry, Charles Cazanave, Mathilde Puges
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac560
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1369–e1378
Determining the etiology of aortitis is often challenging, in particular to distinguish infectious aortitis (IA) and noninfectious aortitis (NIA). This study aims to describe and compare the clinical, biological, and radiological characteristics of IA and NIA and their outcomes.
Statin Use May Be Associated With a Lower Risk of Invasive Aspergillosis in Lung Transplant Recipients
Armelle Pérez-Cortés Villalobos, Farid Foroutan, Setareh Davoudi, Sagar Kothari, Tereza Martinu, Lianne G Singer, Shaf Keshavjee, Shahid Husain
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac551
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1379–e1384
Statins are competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) that catalyses HMG-CoA conversion to mevalonate, a process involved in synthesizing cholesterol in humans and ergosterol in fungi. The effect of statin use on the risk of development of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in lung transplant recipients (LTRs) is not well documented.
Cardiac Complications of Human Babesiosis
Anne Spichler-Moffarah, Emily Ong, Jane O’Bryan, Peter J Krause
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac525
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1385–e1391
Human babesiosis is a worldwide emerging tick-borne disease caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa. Most patients experience mild to moderate illness, but life-threatening complications can occur.
Opisthorchis Felineus Infection is a Risk Factor for Cholangiocarcinoma in Western Siberia: A Hospital-based Case-control Study
Olga S Fedorova, Anna E Kovshirina, Yulia V Kovshirina, Jan Hattendorf, Sergey V Onishchenko, Ludmila L Katanakhova, Stanislav S Taslicki, Andrey V Chizhikov, Ilya A Tataurov, Sergey V Vtorushin, Banchob Sripa, Ludmila M Ogorodova, Peter Odermatt
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac497
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1392–e1398
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a fatal bile duct cancer, has a high incidence in Western Siberia, Russian Federation. In addition, Opisthorchis felineus, a bile duct–dwelling trematode liver fluke is highly endemic.
In the Literature
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac929
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages i–ii
Heroin Use Is Associated With Vascular Inflammation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Corrilynn O Hileman, Jared C Durieux, Scott E Janus, Emily Bowman, Aaren Kettelhut, Trong-Tuong Nguyen, Ann K Avery, Nicholas Funderburg, Claire Sullivan, Grace A McComsey
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac812
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 375–381
Heroin use may work synergistically with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to cause greater immune dysregulation than either factor alone. Unraveling how this affects end-organ disease is key as it may play a role in the excess mortality seen in people with HIV (PWH) who use heroin despite access to care and antiretroviral therapy.
Impact of Respiratory Infection and Chronic Comorbidities on Early Pediatric Antibiotic Dispensing in the United States
Stephen M Kissler, Bill Wang, Ateev Mehrotra, Michael Barnett, Yonatan H Grad
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac811
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 382–388
In the United States, children aged <5 years receive high volumes of antibiotics, which may contribute to antibiotic resistance. It has been unclear what role preventable illnesses and chronic comorbidities play in prompting antibiotic prescriptions.
Clinical Presentation, Treatment Response, and Virology Outcomes of Women Who Seroconverted in the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring Trials—The Ring Study and DREAM
John Steytler, Elna van der Ryst, Charles Craig, Ben Van Baelen, Jeremy Nuttall, Neliëtte van Niekerk, John Mellors, Urvi Parikh, Carole Wallis, for the IPM 007 Study Team
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac804
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 389–397
Participants with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion in The Ring Study, a phase 3 trial of dapivirine vaginal ring (DVR), or in the open-label extension trial dapivirine ring extended access and monitoring (DREAM) were offered enrollment in an observational cohort study (IPM 007) to assess clinical presentation and response to antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Safety and Efficacy of the NVX-CoV2373 Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine at Completion of the Placebo-Controlled Phase of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Paul T Heath, Eva P Galiza, David Neil Baxter, Marta Boffito, Duncan Browne, Fiona Burns, David R Chadwick, Rebecca Clark, Catherine A Cosgrove, James Galloway, Anna L Goodman, Amardeep Heer, Andrew Higham, Shalini Iyengar, Christopher Jeanes, Philip A Kalra, Christina Kyriakidou, Judy M Bradley, Chigomezgo Munthali, Angela M Minassian, Fiona McGill, Patrick Moore, Imrozia Munsoor, Helen Nicholls, Orod Osanlou, Jonathan Packham, Carol H Pretswell, Alberto San Francisco Ramos, Dinesh Saralaya, Ray P Sheridan, Richard Smith, Roy L Soiza, Pauline A Swift, Emma C Thomson, Jeremy Turner, Marianne Elizabeth Viljoen, Louis Fries, Iksung Cho, Irene McKnight, Greg Glenn, E Joy Rivers, Andreana Robertson, Katia Alves, Kathy Smith, Seth Toback
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac803
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 398–407,
The recombinant protein-based vaccine, NVX-CoV2373, demonstrated 89.7% efficacy against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a phase 3, randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled trial in the United Kingdom. The protocol was amended to include a blinded crossover. Data to the end of the placebo-controlled phase are reported.
Rapid Selection of Sotrovimab Escape Variants in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron-Infected Immunocompromised Patients
Smaranda Gliga, Nadine Lübke, Alexander Killer, Henning Gruell, Andreas Walker, Alexander T Dilthey, Alexander Thielen, Carolin Lohr, Charlotte Flaßhove, Sarah Krieg, Joanna Ventura Pereira, Tobias Paul Seraphin, Alex Zaufel, Martin Däumer, Hans-Martin Orth, Torsten Feldt, Johannes G Bode, Florian Klein, Jörg Timm, Tom Luedde, Björn-Erik Ole Jensen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac802
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 408–415
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are predominantly less effective against Omicron variants. Immunocompromised patients often experience prolonged viral shedding, resulting in an increased risk of viral escape.
Validation of ASCL1 and LHX8 Methylation Analysis as Primary Cervical Cancer Screening Strategy in South African Women with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Frederique J Vink, Chris J L M Meijer, Birgit I Lissenberg-Witte, Cathy Visser, Sylvia Duin, Leon C Snyman, Karin L Richter, Frederick H van der Merwe, Matthys H Botha, Renske D M Steenbergen, Greta Dreyer
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac801
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 416–423
Compared with women who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative, women with human immunodeficiency virus (WWH) have a higher human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and increased cervical cancer risk, emphasizing the need for effective cervical cancer screening in this population. The present study aimed to validate methylation markers ASCL1 and LHX8 for primary screening in a South African cohort of WWH.
Leveraging Serosurveillance and Postmortem Surveillance to Quantify the Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Africa
Nicole E Kogan, Shae Gantt, David Swerdlow, Cécile Viboud, Muhammed Semakula, Marc Lipsitch, Mauricio Santillana
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac797
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 424–432
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a devastating impact on global health, the magnitude of which appears to differ intercontinentally: For example, reports suggest that 271 900 per million people have been infected in Europe versus 8800 per million people in Africa.
Evaluation of an Opt-Out Protocol for Antibiotic De-Escalation in Patients With Suspected Sepsis: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Rebekah W Moehring, Michael E Yarrington, Bobby G Warren, Yuliya Lokhnygina, Erica Atkinson, Allison Bankston, Julia Collucio, Michael Z David, Angelina E Davis, Janice Davis, Brandon Dionne, April P Dyer, Travis M Jones, Michael Klompas, David W Kubiak, John Marsalis, Jacqueline Omorogbe, Patricia Orajaka, Alice Parish, Todd Parker, Jeffrey C Pearson, Tonya Pearson, Christina Sarubbi, Christian Shaw, Justin Spivey, Robert Wolf, Rebekah H Wrenn, Elizabeth S Dodds Ashley, Deverick J Anderson, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Prevention Epicenters Program
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac787
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 433–442
Sepsis guidelines recommend daily review to de-escalate or stop antibiotics in appropriate patients. This randomized, controlled trial evaluated an opt-out protocol to decrease unnecessary antibiotics in patients with suspected sepsis.
The Impact of Extended Treatment With Artemether-lumefantrine on Antimalarial Exposure and Reinfection Risks in Ugandan Children With Uncomplicated Malaria: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Meghan E Whalen, Richard Kajubi, Justin Goodwin, Francis Orukan, McKenzie Colt, Liusheng Huang, Kacey Richards, Kaicheng Wang, Fangyong Li, Norah Mwebaza, Francesca T Aweeka, Sunil Parikh
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac783
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 443–452
Artemether-lumefantrine (AL) is the most widely used artemisinin-based combination therapy in Sub-Saharan Africa and is threatened by the emergence of artemisinin resistance.
Effectiveness of Molnupiravir in High-Risk Patients: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis
Ronza Najjar-Debbiny, Naomi Gronich, Gabriel Weber, Johad Khoury, Maisam Amar, Nili Stein, Lee Hilary Goldstein, Walid Saliba
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac781
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 453–460
Molnupiravir was granted emergency use authorization for the treatment of mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we used population-based real-world data to evaluate the effectiveness of molnupiravir.
Effect of Adopting the New Race-Free 2021 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Creatinine Equation on Racial Differences in Kidney Disease Progression Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: An Observational Study
Anthony N Muiru, Erin Madden, Rebecca Scherzer, Michael A Horberg, Michael J Silverberg, Marina B Klein, Angel M Mayor, M John Gill, Sonia Napravnik, Heidi M Crane, Vincent C Marconi, John R Koethe, Alison G Abraham, Keri N Althoff, Gregory M Lucas, Richard D Moore, Michael G Shlipak, Michelle M Estrella
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac731
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 461–468
The impact of adopting a race-free estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) creatinine (eGFRcr) equation on racial differences in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression among people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) is unknown.
Association Between Time to Appropriate Antimicrobial Treatment and 30-day Mortality in Patients With Bloodstream Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Jasper Van Heuverswyn, John Karlsson Valik, Suzanne Desirée van der Werff, Pontus Hedberg, Christian Giske, Pontus Nauclér
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac727
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 469–478
Effective antimicrobial treatment is key for survival in bloodstream infection (BSI), but the impact of timing of treatment remains unclear. Our aim was to assess the association between time to appropriate antimicrobial treatment and 30-day mortality in BSI patients.
Estimating Waning of Vaccine Effectiveness: A Simulation Study
Ariel Nikas, Hasan Ahmed, Veronika I Zarnitsyna
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac725
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 479–486
Developing accurate and reliable methods to estimate vaccine protection is a key goal in immunology and public health. While several statistical methods have been proposed, their potential inaccuracy in capturing fast intraseasonal waning of vaccine-induced protection needs to be rigorously investigated.
Outcomes of Partial Oral Antibiotic Treatment for Complicated Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia in People Who Inject Drugs
John A Wildenthal, Andrew Atkinson, Sophia Lewis, Sena Sayood, Nathanial S Nolan, Nicolo L Cabrera, Jonas Marschall, Michael J Durkin, Laura R Marks
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac714
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 487–496
Staphylococcus aureus represents the leading cause of complicated bloodstream infections among persons who inject drugs (PWID). Standard of care (SOC) intravenous (IV) antibiotics result in high rates of treatment success but are not feasible for some PWID. Transition to oral antibiotics may represent an alternative treatment option.
Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Determinants of Clinical Outcomes for Rifampin-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Multisite Prospective Cohort Study
Scott K Heysell, Stellah G Mpagama, Oleg B Ogarkov, Mark Conaway, Shahriar Ahmed, Svetlana Zhdanova, Suporn Pholwat, Mohammad H Alshaer, Anna M Chongolo, Buliga Mujaga, Margaretha Sariko, Sabrina Saba, S M Mazidur Rahman, Mohammad Khaja Mafij Uddin, Alexey Suzdalnitsky, Elena Moiseeva, Elena Zorkaltseva, Mikhail Koshcheyev, Serhiy Vitko, Blandina T Mmbaga, Gibson S Kibiki, Jotam G Pasipanodya, Charles A Peloquin, Sayera Banu, Eric R Houpt
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac511
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 497–505
Rifampin-resistant and/or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (RR/MDR-TB) treatment requires multiple drugs, and outcomes remain suboptimal. Some drugs are associated with improved outcome. It is unknown whether particular pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships predict outcome.
Transmission Blocking Activity of Low-dose Tafenoquine in Healthy Volunteers Experimentally Infected With Plasmodium falciparum
Rebecca Webster, Hayley Mitchell, Jenny M Peters, Juanita Heunis, Brighid O’Neill, Jeremy Gower, Sean Lynch, Helen Jennings, Fiona H Amante, Stacey Llewellyn, Louise Marquart, Adam J Potter, Geoffrey W Birrell, Michael D Edstein, G Dennis Shanks, James S McCarthy, Bridget E Barber
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac503
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 506–512
Blocking the transmission of parasites from humans to mosquitoes is a key component of malaria control. Tafenoquine exhibits activity against all stages of the malaria parasite and may have utility as a transmission blocking agent. We aimed to characterize the transmission blocking activity of low-dose tafenoquine.
Prevalence, Outcome, and Prevention of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection in Neonates Born to Women With Preconception Immunity (CHILd Study)
Daniele Lilleri, Beatrice Tassis, Lorenza Pugni, Andrea Ronchi, Carlo Pietrasanta, Arsenio Spinillo, Alessia Arossa, Cristian Achille, Patrizia Vergani, Sara Ornaghi, Silvia Riboni, Paolo Cavoretto, Massimo Candiani, Gerarda Gaeta, Federico Prefumo, Nicola Fratelli, Anna Fichera, Michele Vignali, Allegra Barbasetti Di Prun, Elisa Fabbri, Irene Cetin, Anna Locatelli, Sara Consonni, Simona Rutolo, Elena Miotto, Valeria Savasi, Maria Di Giminiani, Antonella Cromi, Sandro Binda, Loretta Fiorina, Milena Furione, Gabriela Cassinelli, Catherine Klersy, for the CHILd Study Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac482
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 513–520
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading infectious cause of congenital disabilities. We designed a prospective study to investigate the rate, outcome, and risk factors of congenital CMV (cCMV) infection in neonates born to immune women, and the potential need and effectiveness of hygiene recommendations in this population.
No Association of IFNL4 Genotype With Opportunistic Infections and Cancers Among Men With Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Infection
Michelle Z Fang, Sarah S Jackson, Ruth M Pfeiffer, Eun-Young Kim, Sabrina Chen, Shehnaz K Hussain, Lisa P Jacobson, Jeremy Martinson, Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson, Chloe L Thio, Priya Duggal, Steven Wolinsky, Thomas R O’Brien
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac447
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 521–527
IFNL4 genetic variants that are strongly associated with clearance of hepatitis C virus have been linked to risk of certain opportunistic infections (OIs) and cancers, including Kaposi sarcoma, cytomegalovirus infection, and herpes simplex virus infection. As the interferon (IFN) λ family plays a role in response to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, IFNL4 genotype might affect risk for a wide range of OIs/cancers.
Mpox Presenting as Proctitis in Men Who Have Sex With Men
Michal Yakubovsky, David Shasha, Shelley Reich, Luba Tau, Nadav Friedel, Ora Halutz, Michal Dekel, Suzy Meijer, Ronen Ben-Ami, Yael Paran
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac737
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 528–530
In our cohort of 70 patients of men who have sex with men (MSM) with mpox, more than one-third presented with proctitis. In two-thirds of proctitis patients, there was no typical rash upon presentation, and in one-fifth, there was no rash at all, making the diagnosis a challenge. A rectal swab for mpox polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be diagnostic.
Polyfunctional Antigen Specific CD4+ T cell Responses in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus/AIDS and Histoplasmosis Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
Maura Manion, Afroditi Boulougoura, Nuha Naqvi, Silvia Lucena Lage, Elizabeth Richards, Christopher Grivas, Elizabeth Laidlaw, Safia Kuriakose, Ana M Ortega-Villa, Saber Tadros, Gregg Roby, Adam Rupert, France Galindo, Megan Anderson, Alice Pau, George Deepe, Virginia Sheikh, Irini Sereti
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac514
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 531–534
In the combination antiretroviral era, there are limited data regarding the pathogenesis of histoplasmosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Providers Have a Responsibility to Discuss Options for Infant Feeding With Pregnant People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in High-Income Countries
Jennifer McKinney, Gayatri Mirani, Judy Levison
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac761
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 535–539
Influenza During the 2010–2020 Decade in the United States: Seasonal Outbreaks and Vaccine Interventions
Ryan E Malosh, Ian McGovern, Arnold S Monto
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac653
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 540–549
The 10 years between the last influenza pandemic and start of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic have been marked by great advances in our ability to follow influenza occurrence and determine vaccine effectiveness (VE), largely based on widespread use of the polymerase chain reaction assay.
Subacute Left Leg Pain in a 48-Year-Old Man Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and a Previous History of Plasmablastic Lymphoma
Amelia Shin, Stephen R Ritchie, Karen A Billington, Christopher J Hallot, Simon E Briggs
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac037
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 550–553
Recent Hybrid Plasma Better Neutralizes Omicron Sublineages Than Old Hyperimmune Serum
Daniele Focosi, Michael J Joyner, Arturo Casadevall
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac742
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Page 554
Reply to Focosi et al
Hana Golding, Surender Khurana
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac744
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 554–555
How to Interpret Parasite Persistence and Transmission to Mosquitoes After Antimalarial Treatment in Kenya?
Sara Lynn Blanken, Harouna Dit Massire Soumare, Chiara Andolina, Kjerstin Lanke, Teun Bousema
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac740
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 555–557
Reply to Blanken et al
Ben Andagalu, Oliver J Watson, Irene Onyango, Benjamin Opot, Raphael Okoth, Gladys Chemwor, Peter Sifuna, Dennis Juma, Agnes Cheruiyot, Redemptah Yeda, Charles Okudo, Jackline Wafubwa, Santos Yalwala, David Abuom, Bernhards Ogutu, Jessica Cowden, Hoseah M Akala, Edwin Kamau
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac741
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 557–559
Correction to: Maribavir for Refractory Cytomegalovirus Infections With or Without Resistance Post-Transplant: Results From a Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac970
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Page 560
Correction to: Longitudinal Immune Response to 3 Doses of Messenger RNA Vaccine Against Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Pediatric Patients Receiving Chemotherapy for Cancer
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac964
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages 560–561
Correction to: Prevention of Neisseria gonorrhoeae With Meningococcal B Vaccine: A Matched Cohort Study in Southern California
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac936
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Page 561
Correction to: Group A Streptococcal Disease in Long-Term Care Facilities: Descriptive Epidemiology and Potential Control Measures
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac382
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Page 562
Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Vaccination and Booster on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Symptom Severity Over Time in the COVID-OUT Trial
David R Boulware, Thomas A Murray, Jennifer L Proper, Christopher J Tignanelli, John B Buse, David M Liebovitz, Jacinda M Nicklas, Kenneth Cohen, Michael A Puskarich, Hrishikesh K Belani, Lianne K Siegel, Nichole R Klatt, David J Odde, Amy B Karger, Nicholas E Ingraham, Katrina M Hartman, Via Rao, Aubrey A Hagen, Barkha Patel, Sarah L Fenno, Nandini Avula, Neha V Reddy, Spencer M Erickson, Sarah Lindberg, Regina Fricton, Samuel Lee, Adnin Zaman, Hanna G Saveraid, Walker J Tordsen, Matthew F Pullen, Nancy E Sherwood, Jared D Huling, Carolyn T Bramante, for the COVID-OUT study team
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac772
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1–e9
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination has decreasing protection from acquiring any infection with emergence of new variants; however, vaccination continues to protect against progression to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The impact of vaccination status on symptoms over time is less clear.
Favipiravir in Patients With Early Mild-to-moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Yoav Golan, Jesus Abraham Simon Campos, Rob Woolson, Donald Cilla, Rodolfo Hanabergh, Yaneicy Gonzales-Rojas, Reynaldo Lopez, Robert Finberg, Armand Balboni
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac712
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e10–e17
Despite vaccination, many remain vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its complications. Oral antivirals to prevent COVID-19 progression are vital. Based on perceived potency and clinical efficacy, favipiravir is widely used to treat COVID-19. Evidence from large randomized controlled trials (RCT) is lacking.
Clinical Severity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Variant Relative to Delta in British Columbia, Canada: A Retrospective Analysis of Whole-Genome Sequenced Cases
Sean P Harrigan, James Wilton, Mei Chong, Younathan Abdia, Hector Velasquez Garcia, Caren Rose, Marsha Taylor, Sharmistha Mishra, Beate Sander, Linda Hoang, John Tyson, Mel Krajden, Natalie Prystajecky, Naveed Z Janjua, Hind Sbihi
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac705
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e18–e25
In late 2021, the Omicron severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variant emerged and rapidly replaced Delta as the dominant variant.
Impact of the Use of Oral Antiviral Agents on the Risk of Hospitalization in Community Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients (COVID-19)
Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip, Grace Chung-Yan Lui, Mandy Sze-Man Lai, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Yee-Kit Tse, Bosco Hon-Ming Ma, Elsie Hui, Maria K W Leung, Henry Lik-Yuen Chan, David Shu-Cheong Hui, Grace Lai-Hung Wong
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac687
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e26–e33
We examined the effectiveness of molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in reducing hospitalization and deaths in a real-world cohort of nonhospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
The Disproportionate Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Healthcare-Associated Infections in Community Hospitals: Need for Expanding the Infectious Disease Workforce
Sonali D Advani, Emily Sickbert-Bennett, Rebekah Moehring, Andrea Cromer, Yuliya Lokhnygina, Elizabeth Dodds-Ashley, Ibukunoluwa C Kalu, Lauren DiBiase, David J Weber, Deverick J Anderson, for the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac684
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e34–e41
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a considerable impact on US healthcare systems, straining hospital resources, staff, and operations. However, a comprehensive assessment of the impact on healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) across different hospitals with varying level of infectious disease (ID) physician expertise, resources, and infrastructure is lacking.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Severity and Risk of Subsequent Cardiovascular Events
Timothy L Wiemken, Leah J McGrath, Kathleen M Andersen, Farid Khan, Deepa Malhotra, Tamuno Alfred, Jennifer L Nguyen, Laura Puzniak, Elizabeth Thoburn, Luis Jodar, John M McLaughlin
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac661
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e42–e50
Little is known about the relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and subsequent risk of experiencing a cardiovascular event (CVE) after COVID-19 recovery. We evaluated this relationship in a large cohort of United States adults.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Testing and Detection During Peripartum Hospitalizations Among a Multicenter Cohort of Pregnant Persons: March 2020–February 2021
Miranda J Delahoy, Flor Munoz, De-Kun Li, Carmen Sofia Arriola, Nanette Lee Bond, Michael Daugherty, Jeannette Ferber, Nickolas Ferguson, Louise Hadden, Jillian T Henderson, Stephanie A Irving, Mary Juergens, Venkatesh Kancharla, Mara Greenberg, Roxana Odouli, Gabriella Newes-Adeyi, Erin G Nicholson, Lawrence Reichle, Momodou Sanyang, Margaret Snead, Fatimah S Dawood, Allison L Naleway
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac657
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e51–e59
Identifying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections during peripartum hospitalizations is important to guide care, implement prevention measures, and understand infection burden.
Symptom Burden and Immune Dynamics 6 to 18 Months Following Mild Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection (SARS-CoV-2): A Case-control Study
Elisabeth B Fjelltveit, Bjørn Blomberg, Kanika Kuwelker, Fan Zhou, Therese B Onyango, Karl A Brokstad, Rebecca Elyanow, Ian M Kaplan, Camilla Tøndel, Kristin G I Mohn, Türküler Özgümüş, Rebecca J Cox, Nina Langeland, Bergen COVID-19 Research Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac655
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e60–e70
Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 From Adult Index Cases With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus in South Africa, 2020–2021: A Case-Ascertained, Prospective, Observational Household Transmission Study
Jackie Kleynhans, Sibongile Walaza, Neil A Martinson, Mzimasi Neti, Anne von Gottberg, Jinal N Bhiman, Dylan Toi, Daniel G Amoako, Amelia Buys, Kedibone Ndlangisa, Nicole Wolter, Leisha Genade, Lucia Maloma, Juanita Chewparsad, Limakatso Lebina, Linda de Gouveia, Retshidisitswe Kotane, Stefano Tempia, Cheryl Cohen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac640
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e71–e81
In South Africa, 19% of adults are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; LWH). Few data on the influence of HIV on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) household transmission are available.
Readmissions, Postdischarge Mortality, and Sustained Recovery Among Patients Admitted to Hospital With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Kasper S Moestrup, Joanne Reekie, Adrian G Zucco, Tomas Ø Jensen, Jens-Ulrik S Jensen, Lothar Wiese, Sisse R Ostrowski, Carsten U Niemann, Cameron MacPherson, Jens Lundgren, Marie Helleberg
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac639
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e82–e89
Many interventional in-patient coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) trials assess primary outcomes through day 28 post-randomization. Since a proportion of patients experience protracted disease or relapse, such follow-up period may not fully capture the course of the disease, even when randomization occurs a few days after hospitalization.
BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 is Associated With a Decreased Likelihood of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Aged 5–18 Years—United States, July 2021 – April 2022
Laura D Zambrano, Margaret M Newhams, Samantha M Olson, Natasha B Halasa, Ashley M Price, Amber O Orzel, Cameron C Young, Julie A Boom, Leila C Sahni, Aline B Maddux, Katherine E Bline, Satoshi Kamidani, Keiko M Tarquinio, Kathleen Chiotos, Jennifer E Schuster, Melissa L Cullimore, Sabrina M Heidemann, Charlotte V Hobbs, Ryan A Nofziger, Pia S Pannaraj, Melissa A Cameron, Tracie C Walker, Stephanie P Schwartz, Kelly N Michelson, Bria M Coates, Heidi R Flori, Elizabeth H Mack, Laura Smallcomb, Shira J Gertz, Samina S Bhumbra, Tamara T Bradford, Emily R Levy, Michele Kong, Katherine Irby, Natalie Z Cvijanovich, Matt S Zinter, Cindy Bowens, Hillary Crandall, Janet R Hume, Manish M Patel, Angela P Campbell, Adrienne G Randolph, for the Overcoming COVID-19 Investigators
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac637
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e90–e100,
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), linked to antecedent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is associated with considerable morbidity. Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by vaccination might also decrease MIS-C likelihood.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Burden Among Unaccompanied Minors in US Custody
Carlo Foppiano Palacios, Elizabeth W Tucker, Mark A Travassos
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac636
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e101–e107
Before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, crowded and unsanitary living conditions lacking medical expertise made US detention centers hotbeds for infectious disease outbreaks.
Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) Vaccine Effectiveness Against Symptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection During Delta-Dominant and Omicron-Dominant Periods in Japan: A Multicenter Prospective Case-control Study (Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines Study)
Takeshi Arashiro, Yuzo Arima, Hirokazu Muraoka, Akihiro Sato, Kunihiro Oba, Yuki Uehara, Hiroko Arioka, Hideki Yanai, Jin Kuramochi, Genei Ihara, Kumi Chubachi, Naoki Yanagisawa, Yoshito Nagura, Yasuyuki Kato, Akihiro Ueda, Akira Numata, Hideaki Kato, Koji Ishii, Takao Ooki, Hideaki Oka, Yusuke Nishida, Ashley Stucky, Chris Smith, Martin Hibberd, Koya Ariyoshi, Motoi Suzuki
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac635
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e108–e115
Although several coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines initially showed high efficacy, there have been concerns because of waning immunity and the emergence of variants with immune escape capacity.
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine and Baricitinib for Patients at High Risk of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019: The PANCOVID Randomized Clinical Trial
RocÃo Montejano, Fernando de la Calle-Prieto, MarÃa Velasco, Carlos Guijarro, Javier Queiruga-Parada, MarÃa Jiménez-González, Patricia González-Ruano, Patricia MartÃnez, Ane Josune Goikoetxea, Marta Ibarrola, Marianela Ciudad, Ã�ngela Gutiérrez, Miguel Torralba, Ana DÃaz-Brasero, Pablo Ryan, Cristina Marcelo, Cristina DÃez, SofÃa Ibarra, Esperanza Merino, Vicente Estrada, Javier Marcos, MarÃa Novella, MarÃa A Rivera, Manuel Ruiz-Muñoz, Marta de Miguel, Llanos Soler, Mikel del Ã�lamo, Santiago Moreno, Antonio J Carcas, Alberto M Borobia, José R Arribas, for the PANCOVID Study Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac628
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e116–e125
This study was designed to evaluate if patients with high risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) would benefit from treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) followed by baricitinib in case of hypoxemia and systemic inflammation.
Association Between AZD7442 (Tixagevimab-Cilgavimab) Administration and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection, Hospitalization, and Mortality
Jennifer Kertes, Shirley Shapiro Ben David, Noya Engel-Zohar, Keren Rosen, Beatriz Hemo, Avner Kantor, Limor Adler, Naama Shamir Stein, Miri Mizrahi Reuveni, Arnon Shahar
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac625
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e126–e132
Intramuscular AZD7442 (tixagevimab–cilgavimab [Evusheld; AstraZeneca]) has been found effective among immunocompromised individuals (ICIs) in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe disease in ICIs.
Omicron-Associated Changes in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Symptoms in the United Kingdom
Karina-Doris Vihta, Koen B Pouwels, Tim E A Peto, Emma Pritchard, Thomas House, Ruth Studley, Emma Rourke, Duncan Cook, Ian Diamond, Derrick Crook, David A Clifton, Philippa C Matthews, Nicole Stoesser, David W Eyre, Ann Sarah Walker, COVID-19 Infection Survey team
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac613
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e133–e141
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant has been replaced by the highly transmissible Omicron BA.1 variant, and subsequently by Omicron BA.2. It is important to understand how these changes in dominant variants affect reported symptoms, while also accounting for symptoms arising from other cocirculating respiratory viruses.
Protection Against the Omicron Variant Offered by Previous Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Michael B Rothberg, Priscilla Kim, Nabin K Shrestha, Lisa Kojima, Larisa G Tereshchenko
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac604
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e142–e147
Previous infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) provides strong protection against future infection. There is limited evidence on whether such protection extends to the Omicron variant.
Association of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Treatment on Upper Respiratory Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (SARS-Cov-2 RT-PCR) Negative Conversion Rates Among High-Risk Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Hongyan Li, Menghan Gao, Hailong You, Peng Zhang, Yuchen Pan, Nan Li, Ling Qin, Heyuan Wang, Dan Li, Yang Li, Hongmei Qiao, Lina Gu, Songbai Xu, Weiying Guo, Nanya Wang, Chaoying Liu, Pujun Gao, Junqi Niu, Jie Cao, Yang Zheng
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac600
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e148–e154
Acceleration of negative respiratory conversion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) might reduce viral transmission.
Development of an Effective Immune Response in Adults With Down Syndrome After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Vaccination
Laura Esparcia-Pinedo, Ayla Yarci-Carrión, Gloria Mateo-Jiménez, Noelia Ropero, Laura Gómez-Cabañas, Ã�ngel Lancho-Sánchez, Patricia Almendro-Vázquez, Enrique MartÃn-Gayo, Estela Paz-Artal, Francisco Sanchez-Madrid, Fernando Moldenhauer, Ainhoa Gutiérrez-Cobos, Diego Real de Asúa, Arantzazu Alfranca
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac590
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e155–e162
Immune dysregulation in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) leads to an increased risk for hospitalization and death due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and may impair the generation of protective immunity after vaccine administration.
Measuring Work-related Risk of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Comparison of COVID-19 Incidence by Occupation and Industry—Wisconsin, September 2020 to May 2021
Ian W Pray, Barbara Grajewski, Collin Morris, Komi Modji, Peter DeJonge, Katherine McCoy, Carrie Tomasallo, Traci DeSalvo, Ryan P Westergaard, Jonathan Meiman
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac586
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e163–e171,
Work-related exposures play an important role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission, yet few studies have compared SARS-CoV-2 expsoure risk across occupations and industries.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Immunocompromised Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Caused by the Omicron Variant: A Prospective, Observational Study
S Reshwan K Malahe, Rogier A S Hoek, Virgil A S H Dalm, Annoek E C Broers, Caroline M den Hoed, Olivier C Manintveld, Carla C Baan, Charlotte M van Deuzen, Grigorios Papageorgiou, Hannelore I Bax, Jeroen J Van Kampen, Merel E Hellemons, Marcia M L Kho, Rory D de Vries, Richard Molenkamp, Marlies E J Reinders, Bart J A Rijnders
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac571
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e172–e178
Illness after infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant is less severe compared with previous variants. Data on the disease burden in immunocompromised patients are lacking. We investigated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of immunocompromised patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Omicron.
Secondary Sclerosing Cholangitis Following Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Peter Hunyady, Lea Streller, Darius F Rüther, Sara Reinartz Groba, Dominik Bettinger, Daniel Fitting, Karim Hamesch, Jens U Marquardt, Victoria T Mücke, Fabian Finkelmeier, Asieb Sekandarzad, Tobias Wengenmayer, Ayoub Bounidane, Felicitas Weiss, Kai-Henrik Peiffer, Bernhard Schlevogt, Stefan Zeuzem, Oliver Waidmann, Marcus Hollenbach, Martha M Kirstein, Johannes Kluwe, Fabian Kütting, Marcus M Mücke
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac565
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e179–e187
Secondary sclerosing cholangitis (SSC) is a rare disease with poor prognosis. Cases of SSC have been reported following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-SSC). The aim of this study was to compare COVID-SSC to SSC in critically ill patients (SSC-CIP) and to assess factors influencing transplant-free survival.
Antibody and T-Cell Responses 6 Months After Coronavirus Disease 2019 Messenger RNA-1273 Vaccination in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease, on Dialysis, or Living With a Kidney Transplant
Jan-Stephan F Sanders, A Lianne Messchendorp, Rory D de Vries, Carla C Baan, Debbie van Baarle, Rob van Binnendijk, Dimitri A Diavatopoulos, Daryl Geers, Katharina S Schmitz, Corine H GeurtsvanKessel, Gerco den Hartog, Marcia M L Kho, Marion P G Koopmans, Renate G van der Molen, Ester B M Remmerswaal, Nynke Rots, Ron T Gansevoort, Frederike J Bemelman, Luuk B Hilbrands, Marlies E J Reinders, the VACcination Immune Response Study (RECOVAC) Collaborators
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac557
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e188–e199
The immune response to COVID-19 vaccination is inferior in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and to a lesser extent in patients on dialysis or with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We assessed the immune response 6 months after mRNA-1273 vaccination in kidney patients and compared this to controls.
Severity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in Pregnancy in Ontario: A Matched Cohort Analysis
Kiera R Murison, Alicia A Grima, Alison E Simmons, Ashleigh R Tuite, David N Fisman
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac544
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e200–e206
Pregnancy represents a physiological state associated with increased vulnerability to severe outcomes from infectious diseases, both for the pregnant person and developing infant.
Vaccine Coverage Associated With Ending a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Wave: A Retrospective Longitudinal Analysis
Aharona Glatman-Freedman, Sarah F Feldman, Yael Hershkovitz, Zalman Kaufman, Rita Dichtiar, Lital Keinan-Boker, Michal Bromberg
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac524
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e207–e215
Two SARS-CoV-2 waves in Israel ended while a substantial number of individuals remained unvaccinated or partially vaccinated. The indirect protective effect of the first BNT162b2 vaccination campaign in Israel was evaluated between 22 December 2020 and 18 May 2021.
Early Treatment of High-Risk Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients With a Combination of Interferon Beta-1b and Remdesivir: A Phase 2 Open-label Randomized Controlled Trial
Anthony Raymond Tam, Ricky Ruiqi Zhang, Kwok-Cheung Lung, Raymond Liu, Ka-Yi Leung, Danlei Liu, Yujing Fan, Lu Lu, Athene Hoi-Ying Lam, Tom Wai-Hin Chung, Cyril Chik-Yan Yip, Jenny Lo, Alan Ka-Lun Wu, Rodney Lee, Simon Sin, Pauline Yeung Ng, Wai-Ming Chan, Hoi-Ping Shum, Wing-Wa Yan, Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan, Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng, Chak-Sing Lau, Kelvin Kai-Wang To, Kwok-Hung Chan, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac523
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e216–e226
Early antiviral therapy was effective in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We assessed the efficacy and safety of combined interferon beta-1b and remdesivir treatment in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Viral Dynamics of Omicron and Delta Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variants With Implications for Timing of Release from Isolation: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Tara C Bouton, Joseph Atarere, Jacquelyn Turcinovic, Scott Seitz, Cole Sher-Jan, Madison Gilbert, Laura White, Zhenwei Zhou, Mohammad M Hossain, Victoria Overbeck, Lynn Doucette-Stamm, Judy Platt, Hannah E Landsberg, Davidson H Hamer, Catherine Klapperich, Karen R Jacobson, John H Connor
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac510
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e227–e233
In January 2022, US guidelines shifted to recommend isolation for 5 days from symptom onset, followed by 5 days of mask-wearing. However, viral dynamics and variant and vaccination impact on culture conversion are largely unknown.
Hospitalized Patients With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 During the Omicron Wave in Israel: Benefits of a Fourth Vaccine Dose
Tal Brosh-Nissimov, Khetam Hussein, Yonit Wiener-Well, Efrat Orenbuch-Harroch, Meital Elbaz, Shelly Lipman-Arens, Yasmin Maor, Yael Yagel, Bibiana Chazan, Mirit Hershman-Sarafov, Galia Rahav, Oren Zimhony, Adi Zaidman Shimshovitz, Michal Chowers
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac501
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e234–e239
Waning immunity and an increased incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the Omicron outbreak led the Israeli Ministry of Health to recommend a fourth vaccine dose for high-risk individuals. In this study, we assessed its effect for hospitalized patients with severe breakthrough COVID-19.
Antibody Binding and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Binding Inhibition Is Significantly Reduced for Both the BA.1 and BA.2 Omicron Variants
Daniel Junker, Matthias Becker, Teresa R Wagner, Philipp D Kaiser, Sandra Maier, Tanja M Grimm, Johanna Griesbaum, Patrick Marsall, Jens Gruber, Bjoern Traenkle, Constanze Heinzel, Yudi T Pinilla, Jana Held, Rolf Fendel, Andrea Kreidenweiss, Annika Nelde, Yacine Maringer, Sarah Schroeder, Juliane S Walz, Karina Althaus, Gunalp Uzun, Marco Mikus, Tamam Bakchoul, Katja Schenke-Layland, Stefanie Bunk, Helene Haeberle, Siri Göpel, Michael Bitzer, Hanna Renk, Jonathan Remppis, Corinna Engel, Axel R Franz, Manuela Harries, Barbora Kessel, Berit Lange, Monika Strengert, Gerard Krause, Anne Zeck, Ulrich Rothbauer, Alex Dulovic, Nicole Schneiderhan-Marra
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac498
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e240–e249
The rapid emergence of the Omicron variant and its large number of mutations led to its classification as a variant of concern (VOC) by the World Health Organization.
Delayed Recognition of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in New York City: A Descriptive Analysis of COVID-19 Illness Prior to 29 February 2020
Page Keating, Jessica Sell, Judy Chen, Joel Ackelsberg, Winfred Wu, Benjamin Tsoi, Don Weiss
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac490
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e250–e254
On 30 January 2020, COVID-19 was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization. Almost a month later, on 29 February 2020, the first case in New York City (NYC) was diagnosed.
Increased Deaths From Fungal Infections During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic—National Vital Statistics System, United States, January 2020–December 2021
Jeremy A W Gold, Farida B Ahmad, Jodi A Cisewski, Lauren M Rossen, Alejandro J Montero, Kaitlin Benedict, Brendan R Jackson, Mitsuru Toda
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac489
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e255–e262
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–associated fungal infections cause severe illness, but comprehensive data on disease burden are lacking. We analyzed US National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) data to characterize disease burden, temporal trends, and demographic characteristics of persons dying of fungal infections during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Integration of Sequencing and Epidemiologic Data for Surveillance of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infections in a Tertiary-Care Hospital
Manja Czech-Sioli, Thomas Günther, Alexis Robitaille, Hannes Roggenkamp, Henning Büttner, Daniela Indenbirken, Martin Christner, Marc Lütgehetmann, Johannes Knobloch, Martin Aepfelbacher, Adam Grundhoff, Nicole Fischer
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac484
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e263–e273
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic significantly burdens hospitals and other healthcare facilities. Therefore, understanding the entry and transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical for effective prevention and preparedness measures.
Kinetics of Maternally Derived Anti–Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Antibodies in Infants in Relation to the Timing of Antenatal Vaccination
Amihai Rottenstreich, Gila Zarbiv, Esther Oiknine-Djian, Olesya Vorontsov, Roy Zigron, Geffen Kleinstern, Shay Porat, Dana G Wolf
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac480
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e274–e279
SARS-CoV-2 infection during early infancy can result in severe disease. We evaluated the durability of maternally-derived anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in infants and its relation to antenatal vaccination timing.
Life-Threatening Complications of Influenza vs Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in US Children
Natasha B Halasa, Andrew J Spieker, Cameron C Young, Samantha M Olson, Margaret M Newhams, Justin Z Amarin, Kristin L Moffitt, Mari M Nakamura, Emily R Levy, Vijaya L Soma, Rana Talj, Scott L Weiss, Julie C Fitzgerald, Elizabeth H Mack, Aline B Maddux, Jennifer E Schuster, Bria M Coates, Mark W Hall, Stephanie P Schwartz, Adam J Schwarz, Michele Kong, Philip C Spinella, Laura L Loftis, Gwenn E McLaughlin, Charlotte V Hobbs, Courtney M Rowan, Melania M Bembea, Ryan A Nofziger, Christopher J Babbitt, Cindy Bowens, Heidi R Flori, Shira J Gertz, Matt S Zinter, John S Giuliano, Jr., Janet R Hume, Natalie Z Cvijanovich, Aalok R Singh, Hillary A Crandall, Neal J Thomas, Melissa L Cullimore, Manish M Patel, Adrienne G Randolph, for the Pediatric Intensive Care Influenza, Overcoming COVID-19 Investigators
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac477
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e280–e290
Clinical differences between critical illness from influenza infection vs coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have not been well characterized in pediatric patients.
Messenger RNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination With BNT162b2 Increased Risk of Bell’s Palsy: A Nested Case-Control and Self-Controlled Case Series Study
Eric Yuk Fai Wan, Celine Sze Ling Chui, Vanessa Wai Sei Ng, Yuan Wang, Vincent Ka Chun Yan, Ivan Chun Hang Lam, Min Fan, Francisco Tsz Tsun Lai, Esther Wai Yin Chan, Xue Li, Carlos King Ho Wong, Raccoon Ka Cheong Chung, Benjamin John Cowling, Wing Chi Fong, Alexander Yuk Lun Lau, Vincent Chung Tong Mok, Frank Ling Fung Chan, Cheuk Kwong Lee, Lot Sze Tao Chan, Dawin Lo, Kui Kai Lau, Ivan Fan Ngai Hung, Chak Sing Lau, Gabriel Matthew Leung, Ian Chi Kei Wong
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac460
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e291–e298
Observable symptoms of Bell’s palsy following vaccinations arouse concern over the safety profiles of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines.
Immunogenicity of a Third Dose of BNT162b2 to Ancestral Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and the Omicron Variant in Adults Who Received 2 Doses of Inactivated Vaccine
Nancy H L Leung, Samuel M S Cheng, Mario MartÃn-Sánchez, Niki Y M Au, Yvonne Y Ng, Leo L H Luk, Karl C K Chan, John K C Li, Yonna W Y Leung, Leo C H Tsang, Sara Chaothai, Kelvin K H Kwan, Dennis K M Ip, Leo L M Poon, Gabriel M Leung, J S Malik Peiris, Benjamin J Cowling
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac458
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e299–e307
Limited data exist on antibody responses to mixed vaccination strategies that involve inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, particularly in the context of emerging variants.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Elicits Long-lasting Specific Antibody, T and B Cell Immune Responses in Recovered Individuals
Rowa Y Alhabbab, Abdullah Algaissi, Ahmed Bakr Mahmoud, Almohanad A Alkayyal, Sawsan Al-Amri, Mohamed A Alfaleh, Mohammad Basabrain, Roua Abdullah Alsubki, Ibrahim S Almarshad, Abdulelah M Alhudaithi, Omar A Al Gafari, Yasser A Alshamlan, Hassan M Aldossari, Mohammed M Alsafi, Abdullah Bukhari, Wael Bajhmom, Ziad A Memish, Waleed S Al Salem, Anwar M Hashem
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac456
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e308–e318
The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic betacoronavirus and a global public health concern.
Durability of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Messenger RNA Booster Vaccine Protection Against Omicron Among Healthcare Workers With a Vaccine Mandate
Aaron Richterman, Amy Behrman, Patrick J Brennan, Judith A O’Donnell, Christopher K Snider, Krisda H Chaiyachati
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac454
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e319–e326
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant has spread rapidly throughout the world since being identified in South Africa in November 2021. Few studies have assessed primary series and booster vaccine effectiveness against Omicron among US healthcare workers
Testing Frequency Matters: An Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performance of a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Rapid Antigen Test in US Correctional Facilities
Margaret L Lind, Olivia L Schultes, Alexander J Robertson, Amy J Houde, Derek A T Cummings, Albert I Ko, Byron S Kennedy, Robert P Richeson
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac450
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e327–e335
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends serial rapid antigen assay collection within congregate facilities. Although modeling and observational studies from communities and long-term care facilities have shown serial collection provides adequate sensitivity and specificity, the accuracy within correctional facilities remains unknown.
Nasal Spray of Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody 35B5 Confers Potential Prophylaxis Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants of Concern: A Small-Scale Clinical Trial
Yao Lin, Shuai Yue, Yang Yang, Sen Yang, Zhiwei Pan, Xiaofan Yang, Leiqiong Gao, Jing Zhou, Zhirong Li, Li Hu, Jianfang Tang, Qing Wu, Shun Lei, Qin Tian, Yifei Wang, Yaxing Hao, Lifan Xu, Qizhao Huang, Bo Zhu, Yaokai Chen, Xiangyu Chen, Lilin Ye
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac448
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e336–e341
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs), especially the Delta and Omicron variants, have been reported to show significant resistance to approved neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and vaccines.
Effectiveness of Paxlovid in Reducing Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Mortality in High-Risk Patients
Ronza Najjar-Debbiny, Naomi Gronich, Gabriel Weber, Johad Khoury, Maisam Amar, Nili Stein, Lee Hilary Goldstein, Walid Saliba
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac443
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e342–e349
Paxlovid was granted an Emergency Use Authorization for the treatment of mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), based on the interim analysis of the Evaluation of Protease Inhibition for COVID-19 in High-Risk Patients (EPIC-HR) trial.
Population Immunity to Pre-Omicron and Omicron Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants in US States and Counties Through 1 December 2021
Fayette Klaassen, Melanie H Chitwood, Ted Cohen, Virginia E Pitzer, Marcus Russi, Nicole A Swartwood, Joshua A Salomon, Nicolas A Menzies
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac438
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e350–e359
Both severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination contribute to population-level immunity against SARS-CoV-2. This study estimated the immunological exposure and effective protection against future SARS-CoV-2 infection in each US state and county over 2020–2021 and how this changed with the introduction of the Omicron variant.
Effectiveness of Heterologous Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine Booster Dosing in Brazilian Healthcare Workers, 2021
Alexandre R Marra, João Luiz Miraglia, Daniel Tavares Malheiros, Yang Guozhang, Vanessa Damazio Teich, Elivane da Silva Victor, João Renato Rebello Pinho, Adriana Cypriano, Laura Wanderly Vieira, Miria Polonio, Rafael Herrera Ornelas, Solange Miranda de Oliveira, Flavio Araujo Borges Junior, Silvia Cristina Cassiano Oler, Guilherme de Paula Pinto Schettino, Ketti Gleyzer de Oliveira, Rúbia Anita Ferraz Santana, Fernanda de Mello Malta, Deyvid Amgarten, Ana Laura Boechat, Noelly Maria Zimpel Trecenti, Takaaki Kobayashi, Jorge L Salinas, Michael B Edmond, Luiz Vicente Rizzo
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac430
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e360–e366
Little is currently known about vaccine effectiveness (VE) for either 2 doses of Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1) viral vector vaccine or CoronaVac (Instituto Butantan) inactivated viral vaccine followed by a third dose of mRNA vaccine (Pfizer/BioNTech) among healthcare workers (HCWs).
Effectiveness of a Second Dose of an mRNA Vaccine Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron Infection in Individuals Previously Infected by Other Variants
Susana Monge, Ayelén Rojas-Benedicto, Carmen Olmedo, Elisa MartÃn-Merino, Clara Mazagatos, Aurora Limia, MarÃa José Sierra, Amparo Larrauri, Miguel A Hernán, IBERCovid
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac429
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e367–e374
Single-dose vaccination was widely recommended in the pre-Omicron era for persons with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. The effectiveness of a second vaccine dose in this group in the Omicron era is unknown.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Incidence and Risk Factors in a National, Community-Based Prospective Cohort of US Adults
Denis Nash, Madhura S Rane, McKaylee M Robertson, Mindy Chang, Sarah Gorrell Kulkarni, Rebecca Zimba, William You, Amanda Berry, Chloe Mirzayi, Shivani Kochhar, Andrew Maroko, Drew A Westmoreland, Angela M Parcesepe, Levi Waldron, Christian Grov
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac423
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e375–e384
Prospective cohort studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) incidence complement case-based surveillance and cross-sectional seroprevalence surveys.
The US Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Surveillance Environment: An Ecological Analysis of the Relationship of Testing Adequacy in the Context of Vaccination
Daesung Choi, Jannie Nielsen, Lance A Waller, Shivani A Patel
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac419
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e385–e390
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing is a critical component of public health surveillance and pandemic control, especially among the unvaccinated, as the nation resumes in-person activities.
Serum Neutralizing Antibody Titers 12 Months After Coronavirus Disease 2019 Messenger RNA Vaccination: Correlation to Clinical Variables in an Adult, US Population
Min Zhao, Rebecca Slotkin, Amar H Sheth, Lauren Pischel, Tassos C Kyriakides, Brinda Emu, Cynthia McNamara, Qiaosu Shi, Jaden Delgobbo, Jin Xu, Elizabeth Marhoffer, Aleagia Mercer-Falkoff, Jürgen Holleck, David Ardito, Richard E Sutton, Shaili Gupta
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac416
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e391–e399
We studied whether comorbid conditions affect strength and duration of immune responses after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) messenger RNA vaccination in a US-based, adult population.
Early Introduction and Rise of the Omicron Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variant in Highly Vaccinated University Populations
Brittany A Petros, Jacquelyn Turcinovic, Nicole L Welch, Laura F White, Eric D Kolaczyk, Matthew R Bauer, Michael Cleary, Sabrina T Dobbins, Lynn Doucette-Stamm, Mitch Gore, Parvathy Nair, Tien G Nguyen, Scott Rose, Bradford P Taylor, Daniel Tsang, Erik Wendlandt, Michele Hope, Judy T Platt, Karen R Jacobson, Tara Bouton, Seyho Yune, Jared R Auclair, Lena Landaverde, Catherine M Klapperich, Davidson H Hamer, William P Hanage, Bronwyn L MacInnis, Pardis C Sabeti, John H Connor, Michael Springer
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac413
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e400–e408
The Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly transmissible in vaccinated and unvaccinated populations.
Relative Virulence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Individuals Hospitalized With SARS-CoV-2
Alicia A Grima, Kiera R Murison, Alison E Simmons, Ashleigh R Tuite, David N Fisman
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac412
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e409–e415
The rapid development of safe and effective vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a singular scientific achievement. Confounding due to health-seeking behaviors, circulating variants, and differential testing by vaccination status may bias analyses toward an apparent increase in infection severity following vaccination.
Duration of Replication-Competent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Shedding Among Patients With Severe or Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Do Young Kim, Michael Y Lin, Cheryl Jennings, Haiying Li, Jae Hyung Jung, Nicholas M Moore, Isaac Ghinai, Stephanie R Black, Daniel J Zaccaro, John Brofman, Mary K Hayden, for the CDC Prevention Epicenter Program
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac405
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e416–e425
Patterns of shedding replication-competent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in severe or critical COVID-19 are not well characterized. We investigated the duration of replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 shedding in upper and lower airway specimens from patients with severe or critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Humoral and T-Cell Immune Response After 3 Doses of Messenger RNA Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccines in Fragile Patients: The Italian VAX4FRAIL Study
Paolo Corradini, Chiara Agrati, Giovanni Apolone, Alberto Mantovani, Diana Giannarelli, Vincenzo Marasco, Veronica Bordoni, Alessandra Sacchi, Giulia Matusali, Carlo Salvarani ... Show more
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac404
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e426–e438
Patients with solid or hematological tumors or neurological and immune-inflammatory disorders are potentially fragile subjects at increased risk of experiencing severe coronavirus disease 2019 and an inadequate response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination.
Understanding “Hybrid Immunity�: Comparison and Predictors of Humoral Immune Responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection (SARS-CoV-2) and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccines
Nusrat J Epsi, Stephanie A Richard, David A Lindholm, Katrin Mende, Anuradha Ganesan, Nikhil Huprikar, Tahaniyat Lalani, Anthony C Fries, Ryan C Maves, Rhonda E Colombo, Derek T Larson, Alfred Smith, Sharon W Chi, Carlos J Maldonado, Evan C Ewers, Milissa U Jones, Catherine M Berjohn, Daniel H Libraty, Margaret Sanchez Edwards, Caroline English, Julia S Rozman, Rupal M Mody, Christopher J Colombo, Emily C Samuels, Princess Nwachukwu, Marana S Tso, Ann I Scher, Celia Byrne, Jennifer Rusiecki, Mark P Simons, David Tribble, Christopher C Broder, Brian K Agan, Timothy H Burgess, Eric D Laing, Simon D Pollett, for the Epidemiology, Immunology, and Clinical Characteristics of Emerging Infectious Diseases with Pandemic Potential COVID-19 Cohort Study Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac392
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e439–e449
Comparison of humoral responses in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccinees, those with SARS-CoV-2 infection, or combinations of vaccine/ infection (“hybrid immunity�) may clarify predictors of vaccine immunogenicity.
Comparison of Influenza and Coronavirus Disease 2019–Associated Hospitalizations Among Children Younger Than 18 Years Old in the United States: FluSurv-NET (October–April 2017–2021) and COVID-NET (October 2020–September 2021)
Miranda J Delahoy, Dawud Ujamaa, Christopher A Taylor, Charisse Cummings, Onika Anglin, Rachel Holstein, Jennifer Milucky, Alissa O’Halloran, Kadam Patel, Huong Pham, Michael Whitaker, Arthur Reingold, Shua J Chai, Nisha B Alden, Breanna Kawasaki, James Meek, Kimberly Yousey-Hindes, Evan J Anderson, Kyle P Openo, Andy Weigel, Kenzie Teno, Libby Reeg, Lauren Leegwater, Ruth Lynfield, Melissa McMahon, Susan Ropp, Dominic Rudin, Alison Muse, Nancy Spina, Nancy M Bennett, Kevin Popham, Laurie M Billing, Eli Shiltz, Melissa Sutton, Ann Thomas, William Schaffner, H Keipp Talbot, Melanie T Crossland, Keegan McCaffrey, Aron J Hall, Erin Burns, Meredith McMorrow, Carrie Reed, Fiona P Havers, Shikha Garg
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac388
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e450–e459
Influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 are significant causes of respiratory illness in children.
Protection of Messenger RNA Vaccines Against Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Adults Over the First Year Following Authorization in the United States
Mark W Tenforde, Wesley H Self, Yuwei Zhu, Eric A Naioti, Manjusha Gaglani, Adit A Ginde, Kelly Jensen, H Keipp Talbot, Jonathan D Casey, Nicholas M Mohr, Anne Zepeski, Tresa McNeal, Shekhar Ghamande, Kevin W Gibbs, D Clark Files, David N Hager, Arber Shehu, Matthew E Prekker, Heidi L Erickson, Michelle N Gong, Amira Mohamed, Nicholas J Johnson, Vasisht Srinivasan, Jay S Steingrub, Ithan D Peltan, Samuel M Brown, Emily T Martin, Arnold S Monto, Akram Khan, Catherine L Hough, Laurence W Busse, Caitlin ten Lohuis, Abhijit Duggal, Jennifer G Wilson, Nida Qadir, Steven Y Chang, Christopher Mallow, Carolina Rivas, Hilary M Babcock, Jennie H Kwon, Matthew C Exline, Mena M Botros, Adam S Lauring, Nathan I Shapiro, Natasha Halasa, James D Chappell, Carlos G Grijalva, Todd W Rice, Ian D Jones, William B Stubblefield, Adrienne Baughman, Kelsey N Womack, Jillian P Rhoads, Christopher J Lindsell, Kimberly W Hart, Caitlin Turbyfill, Samantha Olson, Nancy Murray, Katherine Adams, Manish M Patel, for the Influenza and Other Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac381
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e460–e468
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines were authorized in the United States in December 2020. Although vaccine effectiveness (VE) against mild infection declines markedly after several months, limited understanding exists on the long-term durability of protection against COVID-19–associated hospitalization.
Reduced Odds of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfection After Vaccination Among New York City Adults, July 2021–November 2021
Alison Levin-Rector, Lauren Firestein, Emily McGibbon, Jessica Sell, Sungwoo Lim, Ellen H Lee, Don Weiss, Anita Geevarughese, Jane R Zucker, Sharon K Greene Author Notes
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac380
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e469–e476
Belief that vaccination is not needed for individuals with prior infection contributes to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy. Among individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) before vaccines became available, we determined whether vaccinated individuals had reduced odds of reinfection.
Transfusing Convalescent Plasma as Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Double-Blinded, Phase 2 Randomized, Controlled Trial
Shmuel Shoham, Evan M Bloch, Arturo Casadevall, Daniel Hanley, Bryan Lau, Kelly Gebo, Edward Cachay, Seble G Kassaye, James H Paxton, Jonathan Gerber, Adam C Levine, Arash Naeim, Judith Currier, Bela Patel, Elizabeth S Allen, Shweta Anjan, Lawrence Appel, Sheriza Baksh, Paul W Blair, Anthony Bowen, Patrick Broderick, Christopher A Caputo, Valerie Cluzet, Marie Elena Cordisco, Daniel Cruser, Stephan Ehrhardt, Donald Forthal, Yuriko Fukuta, Amy L Gawad, Thomas Gniadek, Jean Hammel, Moises A Huaman, Douglas A Jabs, Anne Jedlicka, Nicky Karlen, Sabra Klein, Oliver Laeyendecker, Karen Lane, Nichol McBee, Barry Meisenberg, Christian Merlo, Giselle Mosnaim, Han-Sol Park, Andrew Pekosz, Joann Petrini, William Rausch, David M Shade, Janna R Shapiro, J Robinson Singleton, Catherine Sutcliffe, David L Thomas, Anusha Yarava, Martin Zand, Jonathan M Zenilman, Aaron A R Tobian, David J Sullivan
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac372
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e477–e486
The efficacy of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) convalescent plasma (CCP) for preventing infection in exposed, uninfected individuals is unknown. CCP might prevent infection when administered before symptoms or laboratory evidence of infection.
Persistent Circulating Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Spike Is Associated With Post-acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 Sequelae
Zoe Swank, Yasmeen Senussi, Zachary Manickas-Hill, Xu G Yu, Jonathan Z Li, Galit Alter, David R Walt
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac722
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e487–e490
The diagnosis of postacute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (PASC) poses an ongoing medical challenge. To identify biomarkers associated with PASC we analyzed plasma samples collected from PASC and coronavirus disease 2019 patients to quantify viral antigens and inflammatory markers. We detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike predominantly in PASC patients up to 12 months after diagnosis.
Persistence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Variant in Children and Utility of Rapid Antigen Testing as an Indicator of Culturable Virus
Zoe M Lohse, Jerne J Shapiro, John A Lednicky, Melanie N Cash, Inyoung Jun, Carla N Mavian, Massimiliano S Tagliamonte, Cyrus Saleem, Yang Yang, Eric J Nelson, Marco Salemi, Kathleen A Ryan, J Glenn Morris, Jr
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac693
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e491–e494
We screened 65 longitudinally collected nasal swab samples from 31 children aged 0–16 years who were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron BA.1. By day 7 after onset of symptoms, 48% of children remained positive by rapid antigen test. In a sample subset, we found 100% correlation between antigen test results and virus culture.
Impact of Seasonal Coronavirus Antibodies on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine Responses in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Andrew H Karaba, Weiqiang Zhou, Shuai Li, Tihitina Y Aytenfisu, Trevor S Johnston, Olivia Akinde, Yolanda Eby, Aura T Abedon, Jennifer L Alejo, Caroline X Qin, Elizabeth A Thompson, Jacqueline M Garonzik-Wang, Joel N Blankson, Andrea L Cox, Justin R Bailey, Sabra L Klein, Andrew Pekosz, Dorry L Segev, Aaron A R Tobian, William A Werbel
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac652
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e495–e498
Antibody responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination are reduced in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs). We report that increased levels of preexisting antibodies to seasonal coronaviruses are associated with decreased antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in SOTRs, supporting that antigenic imprinting modulates vaccine responses in SOTRs.
Estimating the Period Prevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection During the Omicron (BA.1) Surge in New York City (NYC), 1 January to 16 March 2022
Saba A Qasmieh, McKaylee M Robertson, Chloe A Teasdale, Sarah G Kulkarni, Denis Nash
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac644
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e499–e502
In a population-based survey of adults in New York City, we assessed positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tests (including via exclusive at-home testing) and possible cases among untested respondents. An estimated 27.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.8%–32.0%) or 1.8 million adults (95% CI: 1.6–2.1 million) had SARS-CoV-2 infection between 1 January and 16 March 2022.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Hyperimmune Intravenous Human Immunoglobulins Neutralizes Omicron Subvariants BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.3, and BA.4/BA.5 for Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019
Mayanka Awasthi, Hana Golding, Surender Khurana
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac642
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e503–e506
Our study demonstrates that neither 2020 convalescent plasma (CP) nor 2019/2020 intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) neutralizes Omicron subvariants BA.1 to BA.5.
Sotrovimab Resistance and Viral Persistence After Treatment of Immunocompromised Patients Infected With the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Variant
Sammy Huygens, Bas Oude Munnink, Arvind Gharbharan, Marion Koopmans, Bart Rijnders
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac601
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e507–e509
Viral evolution was evaluated in 47 immunocompromised patients treated with sotrovimab. Sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 following therapy was successful in 16. Mutations associated with sotrovimab resistance were documented in 6; viral replication continued after 30 days in 5. Combination antibody therapy may be required to avoid acquired resistance in immunocompromised patients.
Longitudinal Immune Response to 3 Doses of Messenger RNA Vaccine Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Pediatric Patients Receiving Chemotherapy for Cancer
Thomas Lehrnbecher, Ulrich Sack, Carsten Speckmann, Andreas H Groll, Andreas Boldt, Benjamin Siebald, Simone Hettmer, Eva-Maria Demmerath, Judith Reemtsma, Barbara Schenk, Sandra Ciesek, Jan-Henning Klusmann, Christian Jassoy, Sebastian Hoehl
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac570
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e510–e513
Our study in 21 pediatric cancer patients demonstrates that 3 doses of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) messenger RNA vaccine (BioNTech/Pfizer) elicited both humoral and cellular immunity in most patients during chemotherapy.
Influence of Nasopharyngeal Viral Load on the Spread of the Omicron BA.2 Variant
Marion Migueres, Chloé Dimeglio, Jean-Michel Mansuy, Florence Abravanel, Stéphanie Raymond, Justine Latour, Nicolas Jeanne, Noémie Ranger, Sébastien Lhomme, Karine Saune, Pauline Tremeaux, Jacques Izopet
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac563
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e514–e517
We used variant typing polymerase chain reaction to describe the evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron sublineages between December 2021 and mid-March 2022. The selective advantage of the BA.2 variant over BA.1 is not due to greater nasopharyngeal viral loads.
Lower Risk of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children With the Delta and Omicron Variants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
Jonathan M Cohen, Michael J Carter, C Ronny Cheung, Shamez Ladhani, for the Evelina Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally related to SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) Study Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac553
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e518–e521
Little is known about the risk of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) with different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants.
Persistent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection With accumulation of mutations in a patient with poorly controlled Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection
Tongai G Maponga, Montenique Jeffries, Houriiyah Tegally, Andrew Sutherland, Eduan Wilkinson, Richard J Lessells, Nokukhanya Msomi, Gert van Zyl, Tulio de Oliveira, Wolfgang Preiser
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac548
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e522–e525
A 22-year-old woman with uncontrolled advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was persistently infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) beta variant for 9 months, the virus accumulating >20 additional mutations.
Characterization of Virologic Rebound Following Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir Treatment for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Julie Boucau, Rockib Uddin, Caitlin Marino, James Regan, James P Flynn, Manish C Choudhary, Geoffrey Chen, Ashley M Stuckwisch, Josh Mathews, May Y Liew, Arshdeep Singh, Zahra Reynolds, Surabhi L Iyer, Grace C Chamberlin, Tammy D Vyas, Jatin M Vyas, Sarah E Turbett, Jonathan Z Li, Jacob E Lemieux, Amy K Barczak, Mark J Siedner
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac512
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e526–e529
We enrolled 7 individuals with recurrent symptoms or antigen test conversion following nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment. High viral loads (median 6.1 log10 copies/mL) were detected after rebound for a median of 17 days after initial diagnosis. Three had culturable virus for up to 16 days after initial diagnosis. No known resistance-associated mutations were identified.
Virologic and Immunologic Characterization of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Recrudescence After Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Treatment
Aaron F Carlin, Alex E Clark, Antoine Chaillon, Aaron F Garretson, William Bray, Magali Porrachia, AsherLev T Santos, Tariq M Rana, Davey M Smith
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac496
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e530–e532
We isolated a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) BA.2 variant from a person with coronavirus disease 2019 recrudescence after nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment.
Durability of Immune Responses After Boosting in Ad26.COV2.S-Primed Healthcare Workers
Roos S G Sablerolles, Wim J R Rietdijk, Abraham Goorhuis, Douwe F Postma, Leo G Visser, Katharina S Schmitz, Daryl Geers, Susanne Bogers, Eva van Haren, Marion P G Koopmans, Virgil A S H Dalm, Neeltje A Kootstra, Anke L W Huckriede, Renate Akkerman, Martin Beukema, Melvin Lafeber, Debbie van Baarle, Rory D de Vries, P Hugo M van der Kuy, Corine H GeurtsvanKessel, for the SWITCH Research Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac495
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e533–e536
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants raised questions regarding the durability of immune responses after homologous or heterologous boosters after Ad26.COV2.S-priming.
Rebound Phenomenon After Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in High-Risk Persons
Nischal Ranganath, John C O’Horo, Douglas W Challener, Sidna M Tulledge-Scheitel, Marsha L Pike, Michael O’Brien, Raymund R Razonable, Aditya Shah
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac481
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e537–e539
In a cohort of 483 high-risk patients treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir for COVID-19, 2 patients (0.4%) required hospitalization by day 30. Four patients (0.8%) experienced rebound of symptoms, which were generally mild, at a median of 9 days after treatment, and all resolved without additional COVID-19–directed therapy.
Early Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants Using Traveler-based Genomic Surveillance at 4 US Airports, September 2021–January 2022
Renee D Wegrzyn, Grace D Appiah, Robert Morfino, Scott R Milford, Allison Taylor Walker, Ezra T Ernst, William W Darrow, Siyao Lisa Li, Keith Robison, Duncan MacCannell, Dongjuan Dai, Brintha P Girinathan, Allison L Hicks, Bryan Cosca, Gabrielle Woronoff, Alex M Plocik, Birgitte B Simen, Leah Moriarty, Sarah Anne J Guagliardo, Martin S Cetron, Cindy R Friedman
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac461
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e540–e543
We enrolled arriving international air travelers in a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 genomic surveillance program. We used molecular testing of pooled nasal swabs and sequenced positive samples for sublineage. Traveler-based surveillance provided early-warning variant detection, reporting the first US Omicron BA.2 and BA.3 in North America.
Analysis of Myocarditis Among 252 Million mRNA-1273 Recipients Worldwide
Walter Straus, Veronica Urdaneta, Daina B Esposito, James A Mansi, Cesar Sanz Rodriguez, Paul Burton, José M Vega
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac446
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e544–e552
Growing evidence indicates a causal relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and myocarditis. Post-authorization safety data have also identified myocarditis as a rare safety event following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, particularly among adolescent and young-adult males after dose 2.
Point-of-Care Tenofovir Urine Testing for the Prediction of Treatment Failure and Drug Resistance During Initial Treatment for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Infection
Lucas E Hermans, Chijioke N Umunnakwe, Samanta T Lalla-Edward, Shane K Hebel, Hugo A Tempelman, Monique Nijhuis, Willem D F Venter, Annemarie M J Wensing
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac755
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e553–e560
Viral rebound during antiretroviral treatment (ART) is most often driven by suboptimal adherence in the absence of drug resistance. We assessed the diagnostic performance of point-of-care (POC) tenofovir (TFV) detection in urine for the prediction of viral rebound and drug resistance during ART.
Severe Mycobacterial Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) in Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Has Features of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Requires Prolonged Immune Suppression
Joseph M Rocco, Elizabeth Laidlaw, Frances Galindo, Megan Anderson, Adam Rupert, Jeanette Higgins, Ornella Sortino, Ana M Ortega-Villa, Virginia Sheikh, Gregg Roby, Safia Kuriakose, Andrea Lisco, Maura Manion, Irini Sereti
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac717
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e561–e570
People with HIV and mycobacterial infections can develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Liver Inflammation Is Common and Linked to Metabolic Derangements in Persons With Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Kara W Chew, Kunling Wu, Katherine Tassiopoulos, Frank J Palella, Jr, Susanna Naggie, Netanya S Utay, Edgar T Overton, Mark Sulkowski
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac708
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e571–e579
We sought to characterize in people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) the potential etiologies of elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, which are common and often unexplained.
Rifapentine With and Without Moxifloxacin for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (S31/A5349)
April C Pettit, Patrick P J Phillips, Ekaterina Kurbatova, Andrew Vernon, Payam Nahid, Rodney Dawson, Kelly E Dooley, Ian Sanne, Ziyaad Waja, Lerato Mohapi, Anthony T Podany, Wadzanai Samaneka, Rada M Savic, John L Johnson, Grace Muzanyi, Umesh G Lalloo, Kia Bryant, Erin Sizemore, Nigel Scott, Susan E Dorman, Richard E Chaisson, Susan Swindells, for the Tuberculosis Trials Consortium (TBTC) Study 31/AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) A5349 study team
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac707
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e580–e589
Tuberculosis (TB) Trials Consortium Study 31/AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5349, an international randomized open-label phase 3 noninferiority trial showed that a 4-month daily regimen substituting rifapentine for rifampin and moxifloxacin for ethambutol had noninferior efficacy and was safe for the treatment of drug-susceptible pulmonary TB (DS-PTB) compared with the standard 6-month regimen.
Update of Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transmission in France: Zero Transmission for 5482 Mothers on Continuous Antiretroviral Therapy From Conception and With Undetectable Viral Load at Delivery
Jeanne Sibiude, Jérôme Le Chenadec, Laurent Mandelbrot, Alexandre Hoctin, Catherine Dollfus, Albert Faye, Eida Bui, Emmanuelle Pannier, Jade Ghosn, Valerie Garrait, Véronique Avettand-Fenoel, Pierre Frange, Josiane Warszawski, Roland Tubiana
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac703
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e590–e598
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is remarkably effective in preventing perinatal transmission (PT) of HIV-1. We evaluated the PT rate in a population of women with widespread access to ART before conception.
Longitudinal Changes in Subclinical Vascular Disease in Ugandan Youth With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Sahera Dirajlal-Fargo, Chenya Zhao, Danielle Labbato, Abdus Sattar, Christine Karungi, Chris T Longenecker, Rashidah Nazzinda, Nicholas Funderburg, Cissy Kityo, Victor Musiime, Grace A McComsey
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac686
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e599–e606
Prospective investigations on the risk of cardiovascular disease among youth with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (PHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa are lacking.
Low Spontaneous Clearance Rates of Recently Acquired Hepatitis C Virus in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Men Who Have Sex With Men (PROBE-C Study)
Malte B Monin, Patrick Ingiliz, Thomas Lutz, Stefan Scholten, Christiane Cordes, Maria MartÃnez-Rebollar, Christoph D Spinner, Mark Nelson, Michael Rausch, Sanjay Bhagani, Lars Peters, Thomas Reiberger, Stefan Mauss, Jürgen K Rockstroh, Christoph Boesecke, for the PROBE-C study group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac680
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e607–e612
Using direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for recently acquired hepatitis C virus (RAHCV) infections, particularly in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive men who have sex with men (MSM), dramatically reduced the incidence of hepatitis C.
Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Titer and Coronary Artery Disease in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Samuel R Schnittman, Michael T Lu, Thomas Mayrhofer, Tricia H Burdo, Kathleen V Fitch, Sara McCallum, Evelynne S Fulda, Markella V Zanni, Borek Foldyna, Carlos Malvestutto, Carl J Fichtenbaum, Judith A Aberg, Gerald S Bloomfield, Edgar T Overton, Judith Currier, Pablo Tebas, Beverly E Sha, Heather J Ribaudo, Jacqueline M Flynn, Pamela S Douglas, Kristine M Erlandson, Steven K Grinspoon
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac662
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e613–e621
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is thought to result in increased immune activation in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PWH). Although some data have linked asymptomatic CMV infection to cardiovascular disease among PWH, it remains unknown whether CMV is associated with increased or high-risk coronary plaque.
Characteristics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Seroconversions in a Large Prospective Implementation Cohort Study of Oral HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis in Men Who Have Sex with Men (EPIC-NSW)
Nila J Dharan, Fengyi Jin, Stefanie Vaccher, Benjamin Bavinton, Barbara Yeung, Rebecca Guy, Andrew Carr, Iryna Zablotska, Janaki Amin, Philip Read, David J Templeton, Catriona Ooi, Sarah J Martin, Nathan Ryder, Don E Smith, Anna McNulty, Katherine Brown, Karen Price, Jo Holden, Andrew E Grulich, Expanded PrEP Implementation in Communities in New South Wales (EPIC-NSW) research group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac660
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e622–e628
Most human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversions in people who have initiated preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) occur in the context of insufficient adherence. We describe participants who seroconverted after being dispensed PrEP in a large PrEP implementation study in Australia.
Declining Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)–Associated Neurocognitive Disorders in Recent Years and Associated Factors in a Large Cohort of Antiretroviral Therapy–Treated Individuals With HIV
Ilaria Mastrorosa, Carmela Pinnetti, Anna Clelia Brita, Annalisa Mondi, Patrizia Lorenzini, Giulia Del Duca, Alessandra Vergori, Valentina Mazzotta, Roberta Gagliardini, Marta Camici, Federico De Zottis, Marisa Fusto, Maria Maddalena Plazzi, Elisabetta Grilli, Rita Bellagamba, Stefania Cicalini, Andrea Antinori
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac658
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e629–e637
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) have been suggested as persistent even with effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). Aims were to evaluate HAND prevalence and associated factors, in a large cohort of people-with-HIV (PWH).
Epigenetic Age Acceleration Markers Are Associated With Physiologic Frailty and All-Cause Mortality in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Krisann K Oursler, Vincent C Marconi, Zeyuan Wang, Ke Xu, Monty Montano, Kaku So-Armah, Amy C Justice, Yan V Sun
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac656
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e638–e644
Biomarkers that provide insight into drivers of aging are needed for people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). The study objective was to determine if epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) markers are associated with physiologic frailty measured by the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) Index and predict all-cause mortality for PWH.
First Demonstration Project of Long-Acting Injectable Antiretroviral Therapy for Persons With and Without Detectable Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Viremia in an Urban HIV Clinic
Katerina A Christopoulos, Janet Grochowski, Francis Mayorga-Munoz, Matthew D Hickey, Elizabeth Imbert, John D Szumowski, Samantha Dilworth, Jon Oskarsson, Mary Shiels, Diane Havlir, Monica Gandhi
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac631
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e645–e651,
Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (LAI-ART) is approved for treatment-naive or experienced people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) based on trials that only included participants with viral suppression.
Metabolic-Related Outcomes After Switching From Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate to Tenofovir Alafenamide in Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
Javier MartÃnez-Sanz, Sergio Serrano-Villar, Alfonso Muriel, Lucio J GarcÃa Fraile, Eva Orviz, Ã�lvaro Mena de Cea, Antoni A Campins, Santiago Moreno on behalf of CoRIS
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac621
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e652–e660, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac621
Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) has replaced tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in many clinical settings. However, concerns remain about potential metabolic complications of TAF.
Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Women With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Brandilyn A Peters, David B Hanna, Anjali Sharma, Kathryn Anastos, Donald R Hoover, Qiuhu Shi, Caitlin A Moran, Elizabeth A Jackson, Maria L Alcaide, Igho Ofotokun, Adaora A Adimora, Sabina A Haberlen, Mardge Cohen, Phyllis C Tien, Katherine G Michel, Steven R Levine, Howard N Hodis, Robert C Kaplan, Michael T Yin
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac620
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e661–e670
Estrogen-based hormone therapy (HT) may have beneficial cardiovascular effects when initiated in early menopause. This has not been examined in women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), who have heightened immune activation and cardiovascular risks.
Timeliness of Point-of-Care Viral Load Results Improves Human Immunodeficiency Virus Monitoring in Nigeria
Beth Chaplin, Oche Agbaji, Harry Reyes Nieva, Bola Olatunde, Charlotte Chang, Kiren Mitruka, Halima Sule, Titus Dajel, Aaron Zee, Mukhtar L Ahmed, Isah Ahmed, Prosper Okonkwo, Holly Rawizza, Phyllis Kanki
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac609
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e671–e680
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load (VL) monitoring is critical for antiretroviral therapy (ART) management. Point-of-care (POC) VL testing has been reported to be feasible and preferred over standard-of-care (SOC) testing in many low- and middle-income country settings where rapid results could improve patient outcomes.
Clinical Outcomes in a Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Point-of-Care With Standard Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Viral Load Monitoring in Nigeria
Charlotte Chang, Oche Agbaji, Kiren Mitruka, Bola Olatunde, Halima Sule, Titus Dajel, Aaron Zee, Mukhtar L Ahmed, Isah Ahmed, Prosper Okonkwo, Beth Chaplin, Phyllis Kanki
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac605
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e681–e691
Point-of-care (POC) viral load (VL) tests provide results within hours, enabling same-day treatment interventions. We assessed treatment outcomes with POC vs standard-of-care (SOC) VL monitoring.
Incidence and Clearance of Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection in 16 164 Individuals, According to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status, Sex, and Male Sexuality: An International Pooled Analysis of 34 Longitudinal Studies
Feixue Wei, Marc T Goodman, Ningshao Xia, Jun Zhang, Anna R Giuliano, Gypsyamber D’Souza, Nancy A Hessol, Maarten F Schim van der Loeff, Jianghong Dai, Karin Neukam, Alexandra de Pokomandy, I Mary Poynten, Ronald B Geskus, Joaquin Burgos, Isabelle Etienney, Anna-Barbara Moscicki, Maria Gabriella Donà , Maura L Gillison, Alan G Nyitray, Rebecca G Nowak, Evy Yunihastuti, Huachun Zou, Carmen Hidalgo-Tenorio, Nittaya Phanuphak, Jean-Michel Molina, Alice M Schofield, Stephen Kerr, Song Fan, Yong Lu, Jason J Ong, Admire T Chikandiwa, Sirinya Teeraananchai, Nicola Squillace, Dorothy J Wiley, Joel M Palefsky, Damien Georges, Catharina J Alberts, Gary M Clifford
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac581
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e692–e701
Understanding the natural history of anal high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection is key for designing anal cancer prevention programs but has not been systematically characterized.
Impact of Hepatitis C Virus Cure on Depressive Symptoms in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis C Virus Coinfected Population in Canada
Gayatri Marathe, Erica E M Moodie, Marie-Josée Brouillette, Charlotte Lanièce Delaunay, Joseph Cox, Valérie Martel-Laferrière, John Gill, Curtis Cooper, Neora Pick, Marie-Louise Vachon, Sharon Walmsley, Marina B Klein, the Canadian Co-Infection Cohort
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac540
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e702–e709,
Depression is common in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), with biological and psychosocial mechanisms at play.
Unmasking Pneumococcal Carriage in a High Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Prevalence Population in two Community Cohorts in South Africa, 2016–2018: The PHIRST Study
Maimuna Carrim, Stefano Tempia, Deus Thindwa, Neil A Martinson, Kathleen Kahn, Stefan Flasche, Orienka Hellferscee, Florette K Treurnicht, Meredith L McMorrow, Jocelyn Moyes, Thulisa Mkhencele, Azwifarwi Mathunjwa, Jackie Kleynhans, Limakatso Lebina, Katlego Mothlaoleng, Floidy Wafawanaka, Francesc Xavier Gómez-Olivé, Cheryl Cohen, Anne von Gottberg, Nicole Wolter, for the PHIRST group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac499
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e710–e717
Longitudinal pneumococcus colonization data in high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence settings following pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction are limited.
Immunological, Cognitive, and Psychiatric Outcomes After Initiating Efavirenz- and Dolutegravir-based Antiretroviral Therapy During Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Phillip Chan, Bohyung Yoon, Donn Colby, Eugène Kroon, Carlo Sacdalan, Somchai Sriplienchan, Suteeraporn Pinyakorn, Jintanat Ananworanich, Victor Valcour, Sandhya Vasan, Denise Hsu, Nittaya Phanuphak, Robert Paul, Serena Spudich
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac466
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e718–e726
Efavirenz (EFV)- and dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the former and current recommended regimen for treatment-naive individuals with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Whether they impact the immunological and neuropsychiatric profile differentially remains unclear.
Lung Function in Women With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Richard J Wang, Mehdi Nouraie, Ken M Kunisaki, Laurence Huang, Phyllis C Tien, Kathryn Anastos, Neha Bhandari, Surya P Bhatt, Hector Bolivar, Sushma K Cribbs, Robert Foronjy, Stephen J Gange, Deepa Lazarous, Alison Morris, M Bradley Drummond
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac391
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e727–e735
Prior studies have found that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with impaired lung function and increased risk of chronic lung disease, but few have included large numbers of women.
Trans-inclusive Sexual Health Questionnaire to Improve Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Care for Transgender Patients: Anatomic Site–Specific STI Prevalence and Screening
Diana M Tordoff, Julia C Dombrowski, Meena S Ramchandani, Lindley A Barbee
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac370
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e736–e743
In 2018, the municipal Sexual Health Clinic in Seattle, implemented trans-inclusive questions about sexual behavior, anatomy, gender-affirming surgeries, and sexually transmitted infection (STI) symptoms in the clinic’s computer-assisted self-interview (CASI) to improve care for transgender and nonbinary (TNB) patients.
Infants Receiving Very Early Antiretroviral Therapy Have High CD4 Counts in the First Year of Life
Bryan S Nelson, Camlin Tierney, Deborah Persaud, Jennifer Jao, Mark F Cotton, Yvonne Bryson, Anne Coletti, Theodore D Ruel, Stephen A Spector, Christina Reding, Kira Bacon, Diane Costello, Charlotte Perlowski, Maria Leticia Santos Cruz, Josphat Kosgei, Sai Majji, Dwight E Yin, Patrick Jean-Philippe, Ellen G Chadwick, for the IMPAACT P1115 Team
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac695
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e744–e747
We followed 54 infants with in utero HIV after initiating very early antiretroviral treatment. At weeks 24 and 48, ≥80% had CD4 ≥1500 cells/mm3 and CD4% ≥25%. Routine Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis in the first year of life may not be necessary for all very early treated infants.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA Levels in Rectal and Seminal Compartments After Switching to Long-Acting Cabotegravir Plus Rilpivirine: A Longitudinal Study
Mar Masiá, Marta Fernández-González, Vanesa Agulló, Paula Mascarell, Sergio Padilla, Javier GarcÃa-Abellán, Félix Gutiérrez
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac676
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e748–e751
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels were longitudinally evaluated in 211 rectal and 152 seminal samples from 12 virologically suppressed participants switching to monthly long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine or continuing with daily dolutegravir-abacavir-lamivudine.
Hepatitis C Virus Infection Preceding an Outbreak of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Among Persons Who Inject Drugs—Kanawha County, West Virginia, 2019–2021
Alana G Hudson, Robert A Bonacci, Anne C Moorman, McKenna Penley, Suzanne M Wilson, Jessica L Hoffman, Erica R Thomasson, R Paul McClung, Danae Bixler
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac619
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e752–e754
Of 65 cases during a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outbreak among persons who inject drugs (PWID) in West Virginia (2019–2021), 61 (94%) had hepatitis C diagnosed a median of 46 months prior to HIV diagnosis. Hepatitis C diagnosis among PWID should trigger improved access to prevention and treatment services.
The Effect of Menopausal Status, Age, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) on Non-AIDS Comorbidity Burden Among US Women
Lauren F Collins, C Christina Mehta, Frank J Palella, Jr, Yetunde Fatade, Susanna Naggie, Elizabeth T Golub, Kathryn Anastos, Audrey L French, Seble Kassaye, Tonya N Taylor, Margaret A Fischl, Adaora A Adimora, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Phyllis C Tien, Anandi N Sheth, Ighovwerha Ofotokun
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac465
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e755–e758
Menopause may impact the earlier onset of aging-related comorbidities among women with versus without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We found that menopausal status, age, and HIV were independently associated with higher comorbidity burden, and that HIV impacted burden most in the pre-/perimenopausal phases.
Outpatient Cryptococcal Antigen Screening Is Associated With Favorable Baseline Characteristics and Improved Survival in Persons With Cryptococcal Meningitis in Uganda
Anna E Levin, Ananta S Bangdiwala, Elizabeth Nalintya, Enock Kagimu, John Kasibante, Morris K Rutakingirwa, Edward Mpoza, Samuel Jjunju, Edwin Nuwagira, Rose Naluyima, Paul Kirumira, Cody Hou, Kenneth Ssebambulidde, Abdu K Musubire, Darlisha A Williams, Mahsa Abassi, Conrad Muzoora, Katherine H Hullsiek, Radha Rajasingham, David B Meya, David R Boulware, Caleb P Skipper
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac599
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e759–e765
It is unknown whether persons with symptomatic cryptococcal meningitis detected during routine blood cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening have better survival than persons presenting with overt meningitis.
Transitioning Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus to First-Line Preferred Regimen of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate, Lamivudine, and Dolutegravir in Sub-Saharan Africa
Neha Shah, Allahna Esber, J Sean Cavanaugh, Patricia Agaba, Nicole Dear, Michael Iroezindu, Emmanuel Bahemana, Hannah Kibuuka, John Owuoth, Jonah Maswai, Valentine Singoei, Trevor A Crowell, Christina S Polyak, Julie A Ake, the AFRICOS Study Group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac555
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e766–e772
In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended combined tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, lamivudine, and dolutegravir (TLD) as the preferred first-line regimen for adults and adolescents with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), regardless of childbearing status.
Access to Medicines for Treating People With Cryptococcal Meningitis
Jessica Burry, Carmen Perez Casas, Nathan Ford
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac689
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e773–e775
Cryptococcal meningitis accounts for 1 in 5 AIDS-related deaths globally. World Health Organization guidelines strongly recommend a single high dose of liposomal amphotericin B as part of preferred treatment, but this drug remains unaffordable in most low- and middle-income countries. A proactive approach is needed from manufacturers and other stakeholders to improve access.
Distribution of Macrolide Resistant Mycoplasma genitalium in Urogenital Tract Specimens From Women Enrolled in a US Clinical Study Cohort
Damon Getman, Seth Cohen, Alice Jiang
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac602
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e776–e782
This study evaluated the distribution of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma genitalium in multiple urogenital specimens collected from women enrolled in a prospective multicenter US clinical study.
Characterization of Hepatitis B Virus in Tenofovir-Treated and Untreated Chronically Infected Mothers and Their Immunoprophylaxis Failure Infants
Hong-Yuan Hsu, Huey-Ling Chen, Cheng-Lun Chiang, Ming-Wei Lai, Shu-Chi Mu, Wan-Hsin Wen, Shao-Wen Cheng, Jen-Jan Hu, Kai-Chi Chang, Chien-Nan Lee, Chun-Jen Liu, Jia-Feng Wu, Yen-Hsuan Ni, Mei-Hwei Chang, the Taiwan Study Group for the Prevention of Mother-to-Infant Transmission of HBV (PreMIT study)
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac539
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e783–e790
Maternal tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) therapy during late pregnancy can reduce mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV). We investigated HBV mutations associated with maternal TDF therapy and their role in infant immunonophylaxis failure (IPF).
Simplifying Treatment Criteria in Chronic Hepatitis B: Reducing Barriers to Elimination
Robert J Wong, Harvey W Kaufman, Justin K Niles, Hema Kapoor, Robert G Gish
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac385
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e791–e800
Early, sustained hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA suppression reduces long-term risks of hepatocellular carcinoma. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treatment criteria are complex.
Effect of Antiviral Treatment on Hepatitis B Virus Integration and Hepatocyte Clonal Expansion
Ning Chow, Danny Wong, Ching-Lung Lai, Lung-Yi Mak, James Fung, Hoi-Tang Ma, Meng-Wai Lei, Wai-Kay Seto, Man-Fung Yuen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac383
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e801–e809
This study investigated the effect of nucleos(t)ide analogue (NUC) treatment on hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA integration and hepatocyte clonal expansion, both of which are implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis B.
Estimation of the Lifetime Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) Lost Due to Syphilis Acquired in the United States in 2018
Kyueun Lee, Shiying You, Yunfei Li, Harrell Chesson, Thomas L Gift, Andrés A Berruti, Katherine Hsu, Reza Yaesoubi, Joshua A Salomon, Minttu Rönn
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac427
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e810–e819
The purpose of this study was to estimate the health impact of syphilis in the United States in terms of the number of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) lost attributable to infections in 2018.
High Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1c Proviral Loads Are Associated With Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: Results of a Cross-Sectional Community Survey in Central Australia
Mohammad Radwanur Talukder, Richard Woodman, Hai Pham, Kim Wilson, Antoine Gessain, John Kaldor, Lloyd Einsiedel
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac614
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e820–e826
A link between chronic inflammation and several noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has been established. Although chronic infection with the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the recognized cause of several inflammatory diseases and these are associated with a high number of HTLV-1–infected cells in peripheral blood (proviral load [PVL]), possible interactions between PVL and NCDs have not been studied at a community level.
FAM19A4/miR124-2 Methylation Testing and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 Genotyping in HPV-Positive Women Under the Age of 30 Years
Frederique J Vink, Chris J L M Meijer, Albertus T Hesselink, Arno N Floore, Birgit I Lissenberg-Witte, Jesper H Bonde, Helle Pedersen, Kate Cuschieri, Ramya Bhatia, Mario Poljak, Anja Oštrbenk Valen�ak, Peter Hillemanns, Wim G V Quint, Marta del Pino, Gemma G Kenter, Renske D M Steenbergen, Daniëlle A M Heideman, Maaike C G Bleeker
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac433
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e827–e834
High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2/3 lesions in human papillomavirus (HPV)–positive women <30 years of age have high spontaneous regression rates.
Post-Ebola Symptoms 7 Years After Infection: The Natural History of Long Ebola
David Alain Wohl, William A Fischer, II, Wenwen Mei, Fei Zou, Samuel Tozay, Edwin Reeves, Korto Pewu, Jean Demarco, John Schieffelin, Henrietta Johnson, Tonia Conneh, Gerald Williams, Darrius McMillian, Jerry Brown
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac732
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e835–e840
Lingering symptoms have been reported by survivors of Ebola virus disease (EVD). There are few data describing the persistence and severity of these symptoms over time.
Pharmacokinetics of Ribavirin in the Treatment of Lassa Fever: An Observational Clinical Study at the Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria
Mirjam Groger, Peter Akhideno, Christine J Kleist, Femi O Babatunde, Osahogie Edeawe, Julia Hinzmann, ThankGod Akhigbe, Joy Nwatuzor, Gloria Eifediyi, Jonas Müller, Mette Hinrichs, Meike Pahlmann, Francisca Naana Sarpong, Christine Wagner, Anke Thielebein, Louis Aihonwalan, Till Koch, Maria Riedner, Ephraim Ogbaini-Emovon, Sylvanus Okogbenin, Stephan Günther, Sebastian G Wicha, Michael Ramharter, Lisa Oestereich, Sophie Duraffour, Cyril Erameh
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac578
Risk Factors for Ebola Virus Persistence in Semen of Survivors in Liberia
Jonathan Dyal, Aaron Kofman, Jomah Z Kollie, John Fankhauser, Romeo Orone, Moses J Soka, Uriah Glaybo, Armah Kiawu, Edna Freeman, Giovanni Giah, Henry D Tony, Mylene Faikai, Mary Jawara, Kuku Kamara, Samuel Kamara, Benjamin Flowers, Mohammed L Kromah, Rodel Desamu-Thorpe, James Graziano, Shelley Brown, Maria E Morales-Betoulle, Deborah L Cannon, Kaihong Su, Susanne L Linderman, Mateusz Plucinski, Eric Rogier, Richard S Bradbury, W Evan Secor, Katherine E Bowden, Christi Phillips, Mary N Carrington, Yeon-Hwa Park, Maureen P Martin, Maria del Pilar Aguinaga, Robert Mushi, Dana L Haberling, Elizabeth D Ervin, John D Klena, Moses Massaquoi, Tolbert Nyenswah, Stuart T Nichol, David E Chiriboga, Desmond E Williams, Steven H Hinrichs, Rafi Ahmed, Benjamin T Vonhm, Pierre E Rollin, Lawrence J Purpura, Mary J Choi
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac424
Long-term persistence of Ebola virus (EBOV) in immunologically privileged sites has been implicated in recent outbreaks of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Guinea and the Democratic Republic of Congo. This study was designed to understand how the acute course of EVD, convalescence, and host immune and genetic factors may play a role in prolonged viral persistence in semen.
Post-artesunate Delayed Hemolysis in Patients With Severe Malaria in the United States—April 2019 Through July 2021
Francisca Abanyie, Joanna Ng, Kathrine R Tan
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac719
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e857–e863
Studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of intravenous artesunate (IVAS) for treatment of severe malaria in endemic and nonendemic countries. However, post-artesunate delayed hemolysis (PADH) is an increasingly recognized phenomenon after its administration.
Food and Drug Administration Approval of Artesunate for Severe Malaria: Enough to Achieve Best Practice?
Christine M Thomas, William M Stauffer, Jonathan D Alpern
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac728
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e864–e866
Intravenous artesunate has been the global standard of care for severe malaria for over 2 decades. Yet, until recently, artesunate has only been available to patients through an expanded-access protocol from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Understanding Spatiotemporal Human Mobility Patterns for Malaria Control Using a Multiagent Mobility Simulation Model
Yao Li, Kathleen Stewart, Kay Thwe Han, Zay Yar Han, Poe P Aung, Zaw W Thein, Thura Htay, Dong Chen, Myaing M Nyunt, Christopher V Plowe
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac568
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e867–e874
More details about human movement patterns are needed to evaluate relationships between daily travel and malaria risk at finer scales. A multiagent mobility simulation model was built to simulate the movements of villagers between home and their workplaces in 2 townships in Myanmar.
Impact of Intermittent Presumptive Treatment for Malaria in Pregnancy on Hospital Birth Outcomes on the Kenyan Coast
Alice Kamau, Moses Musau, Stella Mwakio, David Amadi, Amek Nyaguara, Philip Bejon, Anna C Seale, James A Berkley, Robert W Snow
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac509
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e875–e883
Intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp) for pregnant women with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (SP) is widely implemented for the prevention of malaria in pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes. The efficacy of SP is declining, and there are concerns that IPTp may have reduced impact in areas of high resistance.
Impact of Chemoprophylaxis on Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale Infection Among Civilian Travelers: A Nested Case-Control Study With a Counterfactual Approach on 862 Patients
Maëlle Le Goff, Eric Kendjo, Marc Thellier, Renaud Piarroux, Pierre-Yves Boelle, Stéphane Jauréguiberry,
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac641
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e884–e893
The impact of chemoprophylaxis targeting Plasmodium falciparum on Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale, which may remain quiescent as hypnozoites in the liver, is debated.
The Performance of Computer-Aided Detection Digital Chest X-ray Reading Technologies for Triage of Active Tuberculosis Among Persons With a History of Previous Tuberculosis
Mary Kagujje, Andrew D Kerkhoff, Mutinta Nteeni, Ian Dunn, Kondwelani Mateyo, Monde Muyoyeta
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac679
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e894–e901
Digital chest X-ray (dCXR) computer-aided detection (CAD) technology uses lung shape and texture analysis to determine the probability of tuberculosis (TB).
The Association Between Social Network Characteristics and Tuberculosis Infection Among Adults in 9 Rural Ugandan Communities
Carina Marquez, Yiqun Chen, Mucunguzi Atukunda, Gabriel Chamie, Laura B Balzer, Joel Kironde, Emmanuel Ssemmondo, Florence Mwangwa, Jane Kabami, Asiphas Owaraganise, Elijah Kakande, Rachel Abbott, Bob Ssekyanzi, Catherine Koss, Moses R Kamya, Edwin D Charlebois, Diane V Havlir, Maya L Petersen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac669
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e902–e909
Decreased Dolutegravir and Efavirenz Concentrations With Preserved Virological Suppression in Patients With Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Receiving High-Dose Rifampicin
Christine Sekaggya-Wiltshire, Ruth Nabisere, Joseph Musaazi, Brian Otaalo, Florence Aber, Lucy Alinaitwe, Juliet Nampala, Letisha Najjemba, Allan Buzibye, Denis Omali, Kamunkhwala Gausi, Allan Kengo, Mohammed Lamorde, Rob Aarnoutse, Paolo Denti, Kelly E Dooley, Derek J Sloan
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac585
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e910–e919
Non-actionable Results, Accuracy, and Effect of First- and Second-line Line Probe Assays for Diagnosing Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Including on Smear-Negative Specimens, in a High-Volume Laboratory
Samantha Pillay, Margaretha de Vos, Brigitta Derendinger, Elizabeth Maria Streicher, Tania Dolby, Leeré Ann Scott, Amy Debra Steinhobel, Rob Mark Warren, Grant Theron
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac556
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e920–e929
Rapid tuberculosis (TB) drug susceptibility testing (DST) is crucial. Genotype MTBDRsl is a widely deployed World Health Organization (WHO)–endorsed assay. Programmatic performance data, including non-actionable results from smear-negative sputum, are scarce.
Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes in Brazil: Different Predictors for Each Type of Unsuccessful Outcome
Felipe Ridolfi, Lauren Peetluk, Gustavo Amorim, Megan Turner, Marina Figueiredo, Marcelo Cordeiro-Santos, Solange Cavalcante, Afrânio Kritski, Betina Durovni, Bruno Andrade, Timothy R Sterling, Valeria Rolla, for the Regional Prospective Observational Research in Tuberculosis (RePORT)–Brazil Consortium
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac541
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e930–e937
Successful tuberculosis (TB) treatment is necessary for disease control. The World Health Organization (WHO) has a target TB treatment success rate of ≥90%. We assessed whether the different types of unfavorable TB treatment outcome had different predictors.
Bedaquiline, Delamanid, Linezolid, and Clofazimine for Treatment of Pre-extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Chandrasekaran Padmapriyadarsini, Vikram Vohra, Anuj Bhatnagar, Rajesh Solanki, Rathinam Sridhar, Lalitkumar Anande, M Muthuvijaylakshmi, Meera Bhatia Rana, Bharathi Jeyadeepa, Gaurav Taneja, S Balaji, Prashant Shah, N Saravanan, Vijay Chavan, Hemanth Kumar, Chinnayin Ponnuraja, Viktoriya Livchits, Monica Bahl, Umesh Alavadi, K S Sachdeva, Soumya Swaminathan, for the BEAT India Team
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac528
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e938–e946
Treatment success rates for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remain low globally. Availability of newer drugs has given scope to develop regimens that can be patient-friendly, less toxic, with improved outcomes.
Association Between Increased Linezolid Plasma Concentrations and the Development of Severe Toxicity in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment
Johannes Eimer, Mathilde Fréchet-Jachym, Damien Le Dû, Eric Caumes, Najoua El-Helali, Dhiba Marigot-Outtandy, Frédéric Mechai, Gilles Peytavin, Valérie Pourcher, Christophe Rioux, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Jérôme Robert, Lorenzo Guglielmetti, for the LZDM group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac485
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e947–e956
Treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis with linezolid is characterized by high rates of adverse events. Evidence on therapeutic drug monitoring to predict drug toxicity is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the association of linezolid trough concentrations with severe toxicity.
Exhaled Mycobacterium tuberculosis Predicts Incident Infection in Household Contacts
Caroline M Williams, Abdul K Muhammad, Basil Sambou, Adama Bojang, Alhaji Jobe, Georgetta K Daffeh, Olumuyiwa Owolabi, Daniel Pan, Manish Pareek, Michael R Barer, Jayne S Sutherland, Pranabashis Haldar
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac455
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e957–e964
Halting transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by identifying infectious individuals early is key to eradicating tuberculosis (TB). Here we evaluate face mask sampling as a tool for stratifying the infection risk of individuals with pulmonary TB (PTB) to their household contacts.
Contribution of Reinfection to Annual Rate of Tuberculosis Infection (ARI) and Incidence of Tuberculosis Disease
C Robert Horsburgh, Jr, Youngji Jo, Brooke Nichols, Helen E Jenkins, Colin A Russell, Laura F White
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac451
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e965–e972
Modeling studies have concluded that 60–80% of tuberculosis (TB) infections result from reinfection of previously infected persons. The annual rate of infection (ARI), a standard measure of the risk of TB infection in a community, may not accurately reflect the true risk of infection among previously infected persons.
Long-Term Mortality of Tuberculosis Survivors in Korea: A Population-based Longitudinal Study
Hayoung Choi, Kyungdo Han, Jin-Hyung Jung, Sang Hyun Park, Sang Hyuk Kim, Hyung Koo Kang, Jang Won Sohn, Dong Wook Shin, Hyun Lee
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac411
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e973–e981
When assessing long-term tuberculosis (TB) mortality, few studies addressed the impact of behavior habits and socioeconomic status. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate long-term TB mortality and risk factors while accounting for potential confounders.
Congenital Tuberculosis After In Vitro Fertilization: A Case for Tuberculosis Screening of Women Evaluated for Infertility
Ashley Sands, Maria T Santiago, Shanika Uduwana, Lily Glater-Welt, Idil D Ezhuthachan, Gina Coscia, Lisa Hayes, Gregory J Berry, Lorry G Rubin, Stefan H F Hagmann
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac542
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e982–e986
We report a case of multidrug-resistant congenital tuberculosis (TB) in an infant conceived by in vitro fertilization and review 22 additional infant–mother pairs in the literature. Females evaluated for infertility should be screened for TB risk, and those at risk require a TB-specific diagnostic evaluation before receiving assisted reproductive treatment.
Sensitivity of Various Case Detection Algorithms for Community-based Tuberculosis Screening
Daniela Puma, Courtney M Yuen, Ana K Millones, Meredith B Brooks, Judith Jimenez, Roger I Calderon, Leonid Lecca, Mercedes C Becerra, Salmaan Keshavjee
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac492
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e987–e989
Using data from 388 people diagnosed with tuberculosis through a community-based screening program in Lima, Peru, we estimated that cough screening followed by sputum smear microscopy would have detected only 23% of cases found using an algorithm of radiographic screening followed by rapid nucleic acid amplification testing and clinical evaluation.
Tuberculosis Molecular Bacterial Load Assay Reveals Early Delayed Bacterial Killing in Patients With Relapse
Nyanda Elias Ntinginya, Abhishek Bakuli, Daniel Mapamba, Wilber Sabiiti, Gibson Kibiki, Lilian Tina Minja, Davis Kuchaka, Klaus Reither, Patrick Peter John Phillips, Martin Johan Boeree, Stephen H Gillespie, Michael Hoelscher, Norbert Heinrich, for the Pan African Consortium for the Evaluation of Antituberculosis Antibiotics (PanACEA) Consortium
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac445
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e990–e994
Bacterial killing in patients with tuberculosis (TB) relapse was compared to that in patients achieving cure, measured by TB molecular bacterial load assay (TB-MBLA) or mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) time to positivity (TTP).
Risk Factors for Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infections in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Multinational Case-Control Study
Carlos Mejia-Chew, Peggy L Carver, Sasinuch Rutjanawech, Luis F Aranha Camargo, Ruan Fernandes, Sara Belga, Shay-Anne Daniels, Nicolas J Müller, Sara Burkhard, Nicole M Theodoropoulos, Douwe F Postma, Pleun J van Duijn, MarÃa Carmen Fariñas, Claudia González-Rico, Jonathan Hand, Adam Lowe, Marta Bodro, Elisa Vanino, Ana Fernández Cruz, Antonio Ramos, Mateja Jankovic Makek, Ribal Bou Mjahed, Oriol Manuel, Nassim Kamar, Antonia Calvo-Cano, Laura Rueda Carrasco, Patricia Muñoz, Sara RodrÃguez, Sandra Pérez-Recio, Núria Sabé, Regino RodrÃguez Ã�lvarez, José Tiago Silva, Alessandra Mularoni, Elisa Vidal, Juana Alonso-Titos, Teresa del Rosal, Annika Y Classen, Charles W Goss, Mansi Agarwal, Francisco López-Medrano on behalf of the EMOTE study group
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac608
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e995–e1003
Risk factors for nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections after solid organ transplant (SOT) are not well characterized. Here we aimed to describe these factors.
Pathogens Identified by Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling in India and Pakistan From Preterm Neonatal Deaths: The PURPOSE Study
Najia Karim Ghanchi, Imran Ahmed, Jean Kim, Sheetal Harakuni, Manjunath S Somannavar, Afia Zafar, Shiyam Sunder Tikmani, Sarah Saleem, Shivaprasad S Goudar, Sangappa M Dhaded, Gowdar Guruprasad, S Yogeshkumar, Kay Hwang, Anna Aceituno, Robert M Silver, Elizabeth M McClure, Robert L Goldenberg
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac747
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1004–e1011
We identified pathogens found in internal organs and placentas of deceased preterm infants cared for in hospitals in India and Pakistan.
The Spectrum of Influenza in Children
Gregory Hoy, Guillermina Kuan, Roger López, Nery Sánchez, Brenda López, Sergio Ojeda, Hannah Maier, Mayuri Patel, Steph Wraith, Alyssa Meyers, Lora Campredon, Angel Balmaseda, Aubree Gordon
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac734
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1012–e1020
Children constitute an important component of the influenza burden and community transmission, but the frequency of asymptomatic infection and post-influenza sequelae at the community level is poorly understood.
Antibiotic Indications and Appropriateness in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A 10-Center Point Prevalence Study
Kathleen Chiotos, Jennifer Blumenthal, Juri Boguniewicz, Debra L Palazzi, Erika L Stalets, Jessica H Rubens, Pranita D Tamma, Stephanie S Cabler, Jason Newland, Hillary Crandall, Emily Berkman, Robert P Kavanagh, Hannah R Stinson, Jeffrey S Gerber
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac698
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1021–e1030
Antibiotics are prescribed to most pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients, but data describing indications and appropriateness of antibiotic orders in this population are lacking.
Sustained Within-season Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza-associated Hospitalization in Children: Evidence From the New Vaccine Surveillance Network, 2015–2016 Through 2019–2020
Leila C Sahni, Eric A Naioti, Samantha M Olson, Angela P Campbell, Marian G Michaels, John V Williams, Mary Allen Staat, Elizabeth P Schlaudecker, Monica M McNeal, Natasha B Halasa, Laura S Stewart, James D Chappell, Janet A Englund, Eileen J Klein, Peter G Szilagyi, Geoffrey A Weinberg, Christopher J Harrison, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Jennifer E Schuster, Parvin H Azimi, Monica N Singer, Vasanthi Avadhanula, Pedro A Piedra, Flor M Munoz, Manish M Patel, Julie A Boom
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac577
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1031–e1039
Adult studies have demonstrated within-season declines in influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE); data in children are limited.
Guideline-Concordant Antiviral Treatment in Children at High Risk for Influenza Complications
James W Antoon, Matt Hall, James A Feinstein, Kathryn E Kyler, Samir S Shah, Sonya Tang Girdwood, Jennifer L Goldman, Carlos G Grijalva, Derek J Williams
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac606
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1040–e1046
National guidelines recommend antiviral treatment for children with influenza at high risk for complications regardless of symptom duration. Little is known about concordance of clinical practice with this recommendation.
Risk Factors for Mortality Among Children Younger Than Age 5 Years With Severe Diarrhea in Low- and Middle-income Countries: Findings From the World Health Organization-coordinated Global Rotavirus and Pediatric Diarrhea Surveillance Networks
Rachel M Hartman, Adam L Cohen, Sebastien Antoni, Jason Mwenda, Goitom Weldegebriel, Joseph Biey, Keith Shaba, Lucia de Oliveira, Gloria Rey, Claudia Ortiz, Maria Tereza, Kamal Fahmy, Amany Ghoniem, Hossam Ashmony, Dovile Videbaek, Simarjit Singh, Emmanuel Tondo, Mohammed Sharifuzzaman, Jayantha Liyanage, Nyambat Batmunkh, Varja Grabovac, Josephine Logronio, Fatima Serhan, Tomoka Nakamura
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac561
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1047–e1053
Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years of age globally. The burden of diarrheal mortality is concentrated in low-resource settings. Little is known about the risk factors for childhood death from diarrheal disease in low- and middle-income countries.
Antibiotic Use and Stewardship Practices in a Pediatric Community-based Cohort Study in Peru: Shorter Would be Sweeter
Francesca Schiaffino, Josh M Colston, Maribel Paredes Olortegui, Silvia Rengifo Pinedo, Marcelo Zamora Babilonia, Cesar Ramal Asayag, Pablo Peñataro Yori, Margaret N Kosek
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac500
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1054–e1061
There is a need to evaluate antibiotic use, duration of therapy, and stewardship in low- and middle-income countries to guide the development of appropriate stewardship programs that are global in scope and effectively decrease unnecessary antibiotic use.
Distribution of Serotypes Causing Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Children From High-Income Countries and the Impact of Pediatric Pneumococcal Vaccination
Lindsay R Grant, Mary P E Slack, Christian Theilacker, Jelena Vojicic, Stephane Dion, Ralf-Rene Reinert, Luis Jodar, Bradford D Gessner
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac475
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1062–e1070
The introduction and adoption of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) into pediatric national immunization programs (NIPs) has led to large decreases in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence caused by vaccine serotypes. Despite these reductions, the global IPD burden in children remains significant.
Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Relatedness of Clostridioides difficile Isolates in Pediatric Oncology and Transplant Patients Using Whole Genome Sequencing
Ruba Barbar, Jessica N Brazelton, Karen C Carroll, Shawna Lewis, Dimitrios Bourdas, Anita Tembo, Linda Gluck, Hana Hakim, Randall T Hayden Author
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac459
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1071–e1078
The incidence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has been rising among hospitalized children, with poor understanding of genomic variability of C. difficile isolates in this population.
Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor as a Prognostic Marker of Ugandan Children at Risk of Severe and Fatal Malaria
Veselina Stefanova, Michelle Ngai, Andrea M Weckman, Julie K Wright, Kathleen Zhong, Melissa Richard-Greenblatt, Chloe R McDonald, Andrea L Conroy, Sophie Namasopo, Robert O Opoka, Michael Hawkes, Kevin C Kain
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac457
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1079–e1086
Current malaria diagnostic tests do not reliably identify children at risk of severe and fatal infection. Host immune and endothelial activation contribute to malaria pathogenesis. Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a marker of these pathways. We hypothesized that measuring suPAR at presentation could risk-stratify children with malaria.
Maternal Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccination During Pregnancy: Impact on Infant Anti-Pertussis Antibody Concentrations by Maternal Pertussis Priming Series
Fiona P Havers, Tami H Skoff, Marcia A Rench, Monica Epperson, Gowrisankar Rajam, Jarad Schiffer, Susan Hariri, Laurie S Swaim, Carol J Baker, C Mary Healy
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac432
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1087–e1093
Acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines replaced whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines for the US childhood primary series in 1997.
The Nicaraguan Pediatric Influenza Cohort Study, 2011–2019: Influenza Incidence, Seasonality, and Transmission
Hannah E Maier, Guillermina Kuan, Lionel Gresh, Gerardo Chowell, Kevin Bakker, Roger Lopez, Nery Sanchez, Brenda Lopez, Amy Schiller, Sergio Ojeda, Eva Harris, Angel Balmaseda, Aubree Gordon
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac420
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1094–e1103,
Children account for a large portion of global influenza burden and transmission, and a better understanding of influenza in children is needed to improve prevention and control strategies.
Malaria in Refugee Children Resettled to a Holoendemic Area of Sub-Saharan Africa
Manuela Hauser, Jean-Bertin B Kabuya, Molly Mantus, Luc K Kamavu, James L Sichivula, Wycliffe M Matende, Nora Fritschi, Timothy Shields, Frank Curriero, Anton Kvit, Gershom Chongwe, William J Moss, Nicole Ritz, Matthew M Ippolito
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac417
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1104–e1113
Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in refugee children in high-transmission parts of Africa. Characterizing the clinical features of malaria in refugees can inform approaches to reduce its burden.
La Crosse Virus Neuroinvasive Disease in Children: A Contemporary Analysis of Clinical/Neurobehavioral Outcomes and Predictors of Disease Severity
Angelique E Boutzoukas, Daniel A Freedman, Christine Koterba, Garrett W Hunt, Kathy Mack, Jennifer Cass, Vedat O Yildiz, Emily de los Reyes, Jaime Twanow, Melissa G Chung, Christopher P Ouellette
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac403
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1114–e1122
La Crosse virus (LACV) is the most common neuroinvasive arboviral infection in children in the United States. However, data regarding predictors of disease severity and neurologic outcome are limited. Additionally, long-term neurologic and neurobehavioral outcomes remain relatively sparse.
Antibiotic Treatment Duration for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Outpatient Children in High-Income Countries—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Ilari Kuitunen, Johanna Jääskeläinen, Matti Korppi, Marjo Renko
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac374
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1123–e1128
The optimal treatment duration of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children has been controversial in high-income countries. We conducted a meta-analysis to compare short antibiotic treatment (3–5 days) with longer treatment (7–10 days) among children aged ≥6 months.
Optimization of Timing of Maternal Pertussis Immunization From 6 Years of Postimplementation Surveillance Data in England
Gayatri Amirthalingam, Helen Campbell, Sonia Ribeiro, Julia Stowe, Elise Tessier, David Litt, Norman K Fry, Nick Andrews
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac651
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1129–e1139
England’s third-trimester maternal pertussis vaccination, introduced in October 2012, was extended to the second trimester in 2016. Maternal vaccination provides high protection against infant disease, but routine second-trimester vaccination has not previously been assessed.
Transmission Pattern of Measles Virus Circulating in China During 1993–2021: Genotyping Evidence Supports That China Is Approaching Measles Elimination
Huiling Wang, Zhen Zhu, Xiaojian Duan, Jinhua Song, Naiying Mao, Aili Cui, Changyin Wang, Hui Du, Yan Wang, Fangcai Li, Shujie Zhou, Daxing Feng, Chongshan Li, Hui Gao, Jilan He, Liqun Li, Yue Lei, Huanying Zheng, Tian Gong, Ying Hu, Changping Xu, Hua Zhao, Zhaodan Sun, Ying Chen, Xiaomin Tang, Meng Chen, Lili Deng, Shuang Wang, Xiaoling Tian, Ting Zhang, Yuan Si, Fang Yuan, Lixia Fan, Kuerban Mahemutijiang, Zhifei Chen, Haiyun Chen, Wenbo Xu, Yan Zhang
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac674
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1140–e1149
To provide useful insights into measles elimination progress in China, measles surveillance data were reviewed, and the transmission patterns of measles viruses circulating in China during 1993–2021 were analyzed.
Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy Against Different Rotavirus Genotypes: A Pooled Analysis of Phase II and III Trial Data
Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy Against Different Rotavirus Genotypes: A Pooled Analysis of Phase II and III Trial Data
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac699
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1150–e1156
Rotavirus vaccine performance appears worse in countries with high rotavirus genotype diversity.
Improving Traditional Registrational Trial End Points: Development and Application of a Desirability of Outcome Ranking End Point for Complicated Urinary Tract Infection Clinical Trials
Jessica Howard-Anderson, Toshimitsu Hamasaki, Weixiao Dai, Deborah Collyar, Daniel Rubin, Sumathi Nambiar, Tori Kinamon, Carol Hill, Steven P Gelone, David Mariano, Takamichi Baba, Thomas L Holland, Sarah B Doernberg, Henry F Chambers, Vance G Fowler, Jr, Scott R Evans, Helen W Boucher
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac692
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1157–e1165
Traditional end points used in registrational randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) often do not allow for complete interpretation of the full range of potential clinical outcomes.
Opening a DOOR for Pivotal Studies: An Example for Complicated Urinary Tract Infections
Jesús RodrÃguez-Baño, Belén Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac778
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1166–e1167
Effect of Repeat Vaccination on Immunogenicity of Quadrivalent Cell-Culture and Recombinant Influenza Vaccines Among Healthcare Personnel Aged 18–64 Years: A Randomized, Open-Label Trial
Manjusha Gaglani, Sara S Kim, Allison L Naleway, Min Z Levine, Laura Edwards, Kempapura Murthy, Kayan Dunnigan, Tnelda Zunie, Holly Groom, Sarah Ball, Zuha Jeddy, Danielle Hunt, Meredith G Wesley, Suryaprakash Sambhara, Shivaprakash Gangappa, Lauren Grant, Weiping Cao, F Liaini Gross, Margarita Mishina, Alicia M Fry, Mark G Thompson, Fatimah S Dawood, Brendan Flannery
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac683
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1168–e1176,
Antibody responses to non–egg-based standard-dose cell-culture influenza vaccine (containing 15 µg hemagglutinin [HA]/component) and recombinant vaccine (containing 45 µg HA/component) during consecutive seasons have not been studied in the United States.
Paromomycin and Miltefosine Combination as an Alternative to Treat Patients With Visceral Leishmaniasis in Eastern Africa: A Randomized, Controlled, Multicountry Trial
Ahmed M Musa, Jane Mbui, Rezika Mohammed, Joseph Olobo, Koert Ritmeijer, Gabriel Alcoba, Gina Muthoni Ouattara, Thaddaeus Egondi, Prossy Nakanwagi, Truphosa Omollo, Monique Wasunna, Luka Verrest, Thomas P C Dorlo, Brima Musa Younis, Ali Nour, Elmukashfi Taha Ahmed Elmukashfi, Ahmed Ismail Omer Haroun, Eltahir A G Khalil, Simon Njenga, Helina Fikre, Tigist Mekonnen, Dagnew Mersha, Kasaye Sisay, Patrick Sagaki, Jorge Alvar, Alexandra Solomos, Fabiana Alves
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac643
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1177–e1185
This study aimed to determine whether paromomycin plus miltefosine (PM/MF) is noninferior to sodium stibogluconate plus paromomycin (SSG/PM) for treatment of primary visceral leishmaniasis in eastern Africa.
A Phase 2, Randomized, Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled, Proof-of-Concept Trial of Oral Fexinidazole in Adults With Chronic Indeterminate Chagas Disease
Faustino Torrico, Joaquim Gascón, Lourdes Ortiz, Jimy Pinto, Gimena Rojas, Alejandro Palacios, Fabiana Barreira, Bethania Blum, Alejandro Gabriel Schijman, Michel Vaillant, Nathalie Strub-Wourgaft, Maria-Jesus Pinazo, Graeme Bilbe, Isabela Ribeiro
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac579
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1186–e1194
Chagas disease (CD) has significant global health impact, but safe, effective treatments remain elusive. The nitroimidazole fexinidazole is a potential treatment.
Validation of a Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire in Patients With Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection in ECOSPOR III, a Phase 3 Randomized Trial
Brittany Lapin, Kevin W Garey, Henry Wu, Sissi V Pham, Shirley P Huang, Pat Ray Reese, Elaine Wang, Abhishek Deshpande
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac554
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1195–e1201
Debilitating symptoms of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) often lead to long-term effects on health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL). In ECOSPOR III, SER-109, an investigational oral microbiome therapeutic, was superior to placebo in reducing rCDI.
The Impact of Universal Glove and Gown Use on Clostridioides Difficile Acquisition: A Cluster-Randomized Trial
Daniel J Morgan, Erik R Dubberke, Tiffany Hink, Gwen Paszkiewicz, Carey-Ann D Burnham, Lisa Pineles, Larry Magder, J Kristie Johnson, Surbhi Leekha, Anthony D Harris
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac519
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1202–e1207
Clostridioides difficile is the most common cause of healthcare-associated infections in the United States. It is unknown whether universal gown and glove use in intensive care units (ICUs) decreases acquisition of C. difficile.
Chlorhexidine and Mupirocin for Clearance of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization After Hospital Discharge: A Secondary Analysis of the Changing Lives by Eradicating Antibiotic Resistance Trial
Loren G Miller, Raveena Singh, Samantha J Eells, Daniel Gillen, James A McKinnell, Steven Park, Tom Tjoa, Justin Chang, Syma Rashid, Raul Macias-Gil, Lauren Heim, Adrijana Gombosev, Diane Kim, Eric Cui, Jennifer Lequieu, Chenghua Cao, Suzie S Hong, Ellena M Peterson, Kaye D Evans, Bryn Launer, Steven Tam, Michael Bolaris, Susan S Huang
doi : /10.1093/cid/ciac402
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1208–e1216
The CLEAR Trial demonstrated that a multisite body decolonization regimen reduced post-discharge infection and hospitalization in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriers. Here, we describe decolonization efficacy.
Ultra-Short-Course Antibiotics for Suspected Pneumonia With Preserved Oxygenation
Michael Klompas, Caroline McKenna, Aileen Ochoa, Wenjing Ji, Tom Chen, Jessica Young, Chanu Rhee, for the Prevention Epicenters Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac616
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1217–e1223
Suspected pneumonia is the most common indication for antibiotics in hospitalized patients but is frequently overdiagnosed. We explored whether normal oxygenation could be used as an indicator to support early discontinuation of antibiotics.
Patterns, Predictors, and Intercenter Variability in Empiric Gram-Negative Antibiotic Use Across 928 United States Hospitals
Katherine E Goodman, Jonathan D Baghdadi, Laurence S Magder, Emily L Heil, Mark Sutherland, Ryan Dillon, Laura Puzniak, Pranita D Tamma, Anthony D Harris
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac504
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1224–e1235
Empiric antibiotic use among hospitalized adults in the United States (US) is largely undescribed. Identifying factors associated with broad-spectrum empiric therapy may inform antibiotic stewardship interventions and facilitate benchmarking.
Global Distribution of O Serotypes and Antibiotic Resistance in Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Collected From the Blood of Patients With Bacteremia Across Multiple Surveillance Studies
Eveline Weerdenburg, Todd Davies, Brian Morrow, Aldert L Zomer, Peter Hermans, Oscar Go, Bart Spiessens, Thijs van den Hoven, Gunter van Geet, Moussa Aitabi, Chitrita DebRoy, Edward G Dudley, Marc Bonten, Jan Poolman, Jeroen Geurtsen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac421
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1236–e1243
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is the leading cause of bacteremia worldwide, with older populations having increased risk of invasive bacterial disease.
Association Between Clostridium innocuum and Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea in Adults and Children: A Cross-sectional Study and Comparative Genomics Analysis
Kathryn E Cherny, Emily B Muscat, Aakash Balaji, Jayabrata Mukherjee, Egon A Ozer, Michael P Angarone, Alan R Hauser, Joseph S Sichel, Emmanuel Amponsah, Larry K Kociolek
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac483
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1244–e1251
A recent study from Taiwan suggested that Clostridium innocuum may be an unrecognized cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and clinically indistinguishable from Clostridioides difficile infection.
Treatment With Reduced-Dose Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Is Effective in Mild to Moderate Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies
Helena Hammarström, Anders Krifors, Simon Athlin, Vanda Friman, Karan Golestani, Anita Hällgren, Gisela Otto, Sara Oweling, Karlis Pauksens, Amelie Kinch, Ola Blennow
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac386
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1252–e1260
Recent studies have reported that reduced-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) may be effective in the treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), but data are lacking for patients with hematologic malignancies.
Evolution and Transmission of Cefiderocol-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii During an Outbreak in the Burn Intensive Care Unit
Steven M Smoke, Alison Brophy, Samuel Reveron, Alina Iovleva, Ellen G Kline, Michael Marano, Lincoln P Miller, Ryan K Shields
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac647
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1261–e1265
We report on 11 critically ill burn patients treated with cefiderocol for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections. Clinical success was achieved in 36% and complicated by treatment-emergent resistance and interpatient transmission of cefiderocol-resistant A.
Continued Increase of Erythromycin Nonsusceptibility and Clindamycin Nonsusceptibility Among Invasive Group A Streptococci Driven by Genomic Clusters, United States, 2018–2019
Yuan Li, Joy Rivers, Saundra Mathis, Zhongya Li, Lesley McGee, Sopio Chochua, Benjamin J Metcalf, Katherine E Fleming-Dutra, Srinivas A Nanduri, Bernard Beall
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac468
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1266–e1269
We analyzed 9630 invasive GAS surveillance isolates in the USA. From 2015–2017 to 2018–2019, significant increases in erythromycin-nonsusceptibility (18% vs 25%) and clindamycin-nonsusceptibility (17% vs 24%) occurred, driven by rapid expansions of genomic subclones
Prior Exposure to Azithromycin and Azithromycin Resistance Among Persons Diagnosed With Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection at a Sexual Health Clinic: 2012–2019
Emily Rowlinson, Olusegun O Soge, James P Hughes, Anna Berzkalns, Christina Thibault, Roxanne P Kerani, Christine M Khosropour, Lisa E Manhart, Matthew R Golden, Lindley A Barbee
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac682
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1270–e1276,
There is conflicting evidence on whether prior azithromycin (AZM) exposure is associated with reduced susceptibility to AZM (AZMRS) among persons infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG).
Clinical Implementation of Routine Whole-genome Sequencing for Hospital Infection Control of Multi-drug Resistant Pathogens
Brian M Forde, Haakon Bergh, Thom Cuddihy, Krispin Hajkowicz, Trish Hurst, E Geoffrey Playford, Belinda C Henderson, Naomi Runnegar, Julia Clark, Amy V Jennison, Susan Moss, Anna Hume, Hugo Leroux, Scott A Beatson, David L Paterson, Patrick N A Harris
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac726
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1277–e1284
Prospective whole-genome sequencing (WGS)-based surveillance may be the optimal approach to rapidly identify transmission of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria in the healthcare setting.
Clinical and Molecular Analyses of Recurrent Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infections
Andrew Bock, Blake M Hanson, Felicia Ruffin, Joshua B Parsons, Lawrence P Park, Batu Sharma-Kuinkel, Michael Mohnasky, Cesar A Arias, Vance G Fowler, Jr, Joshua T Thaden
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac638
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1285–e1293
The causes and clinical characteristics of recurrent gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections (GNB-BSI) are poorly understood.
Development and Validation of a Risk Score to Differentiate Viral and Autoimmune Encephalitis in Adults
Alejandro Granillo, Marion Le Maréchal, Luisa Diaz-Arias, John Probasco, Arun Venkatesan, Rodrigo Hasbun
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac711
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1294–e1301
Encephalitis represents a challenging condition to diagnose and treat. To assist physicians in considering autoimmune encephalitis (AE) sooner, we developed and validated a risk score.
Revisiting the Evidence Base for Modern-Day Practice of the Treatment of Toxoplasmic Encephalitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Connor Prosty, Ryan Hanula, Yossef Levin, Isaac I Bogoch, Emily G McDonald, Todd C Lee
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac645
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1302–e1319
Toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) is an opportunistic infection of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or other causes of immunosuppression. Guideline-recommended treatments for TE are pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine (P-S) or pyrimethamine and clindamycin (P-C); however, a substantial price increase has limited access to pyrimethamine.
Transfusion-Transmitted Cache Valley Virus Infection in a Kidney Transplant Recipient With Meningoencephalitis
Omar Al-Heeti, En-Ling Wu, Michael G Ison, Rasleen K Saluja, Glenn Ramsey, Eduard Matkovic, Kevin Ha, Scott Hall, Bridget Banach, Michael R Wilson, Steve Miller, Charles Y Chiu, Muniba McCabe, Chowdhury Bari, Rebecca A Zimler, Hani Babiker, Debbie Freeman, Jonathan Popovitch, Pallavi Annambhotla, Jennifer A Lehman, Kelly Fitzpatrick, Jason O Velez, Emily H Davis, Holly R Hughes, Amanda Panella, Aaron Brault, J Erin Staples, Carolyn V Gould, Sajal Tanna
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac566
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1320–e1327
Cache Valley virus (CVV) is a mosquito-borne virus that is a rare cause of disease in humans. In the fall of 2020, a patient developed encephalitis 6 weeks following kidney transplantation and receipt of multiple blood transfusions.
Detection of Influenza in Managed Quarantine in Australia and the Estimated Risk of Importation
Heidi Peck, Nithila Anbumurali, Kimberley McMahon, Kevin Freeman, Ammar Aziz, Leah Gillespie, Bingyi Yang, Jean Moselen, Yi-Mo Deng, Benjamin J Cowling, Ian G Barr, Kanta Subbarao, Sheena G Sullivan
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac648
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1328–e1334
Influenza circulated at historically low levels during 2020/2021 due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic travel restrictions. In Australia, international arrivals were required to undergo a 14-day hotel quarantine to limit new introduction of SARS-CoV-2.
Increased Stroke Risk Following Herpes Zoster Infection and Protection With Zoster Vaccine
Ganapathi Iyer Parameswaran, Bethany A Wattengel, Hubert C Chua, Jessica Swiderek, Tom Fuchs, Michael T Carter, Laura Goode, Kathleen Doyle, Kari A Mergenhagen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac549
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1335–e1340,
Studies evaluating stroke following varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection are limited, and the utility of zoster vaccination against this phenomenon is unclear.
Prevention of Neisseria gonorrhoeae With Meningococcal B Vaccine: A Matched Cohort Study in Southern California
Katia J Bruxvoort, Joseph A Lewnard, Lie H Chen, Hung Fu Tseng, Jennifer Chang, Jennifer Veltman, Jeanne Marrazzo, Lei Qian
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac436
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1341–e1349
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is acquiring increasing resistance to available oral antibiotics, and current screening and treatment approaches have not decreased gonorrhea incidence.
Clinical Safety Experience of TAK-003 for Dengue Fever: A New Tetravalent Live Attenuated Vaccine Candidate
Sanjay S Patel, Martina Rauscher, Maria Kudela, Hang Pang
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac418
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1350–e1359
An unmet medical need remains for an effective dengue tetravalent vaccine that can be administered irrespective of previous dengue exposure.
Quinolone Ear Drops and Achilles Tendon Rupture
Phuong T Tran, Patrick J Antonelli, Almut G Winterstein
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac709
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1360–e1368
Delayed eardrum healing has been observed in the ear opposite to the ear treated with otic quinolones (OQ) in rats. Case reports describe tendinopathies after OQ treatment, suggesting adverse systemic effects.
Retrospective Multicenter Study Comparing Infectious and Noninfectious Aortitis
Mathilde Carrer, Carole Vignals, Xavier Berard, Caroline Caradu, Anne-Sophie Battut, Katherine Stenson, Didier Neau, Estibaliz Lazaro, Maxime Mehlen, Amaury Barret, Elsa Nyamankolly, François Lifermann, Patrick Rispal, Gabriela Illes, Nicolas Rouanes, Olivier Caubet, Stéphane Poirot-Mazeres, Marc-Olivier Vareil, Laure Alleman, Antoine Millon, Ugo Huvelle, Florent Valour, Tristan Ferry, Charles Cazanave, Mathilde Puges
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac560
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1369–e1378
Determining the etiology of aortitis is often challenging, in particular to distinguish infectious aortitis (IA) and noninfectious aortitis (NIA). This study aims to describe and compare the clinical, biological, and radiological characteristics of IA and NIA and their outcomes.
Statin Use May Be Associated With a Lower Risk of Invasive Aspergillosis in Lung Transplant Recipients
Armelle Pérez-Cortés Villalobos, Farid Foroutan, Setareh Davoudi, Sagar Kothari, Tereza Martinu, Lianne G Singer, Shaf Keshavjee, Shahid Husain
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac551
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1379–e1384
Statins are competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) that catalyses HMG-CoA conversion to mevalonate, a process involved in synthesizing cholesterol in humans and ergosterol in fungi. The effect of statin use on the risk of development of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in lung transplant recipients (LTRs) is not well documented.
Cardiac Complications of Human Babesiosis
Anne Spichler-Moffarah, Emily Ong, Jane O’Bryan, Peter J Krause
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac525
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1385–e1391
Human babesiosis is a worldwide emerging tick-borne disease caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa. Most patients experience mild to moderate illness, but life-threatening complications can occur.
Opisthorchis Felineus Infection is a Risk Factor for Cholangiocarcinoma in Western Siberia: A Hospital-based Case-control Study
Olga S Fedorova, Anna E Kovshirina, Yulia V Kovshirina, Jan Hattendorf, Sergey V Onishchenko, Ludmila L Katanakhova, Stanislav S Taslicki, Andrey V Chizhikov, Ilya A Tataurov, Sergey V Vtorushin, Banchob Sripa, Ludmila M Ogorodova, Peter Odermatt
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac497
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1392–e1398
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a fatal bile duct cancer, has a high incidence in Western Siberia, Russian Federation. In addition, Opisthorchis felineus, a bile duct–dwelling trematode liver fluke is highly endemic.
Doxycycline Treatment of Mansonella perstans–Infected Individuals Affects Immune Cell Activation and Causes Long-term T-cell Polarization
Wilfred Aniagyei, Jonathan Kofi Adjei, Ernest Adankwah, Julia Seyfarth, Ertan Mayatepek, Daniel Antwi Berko, Samuel Asamoah Sakyi, Linda Batsa Debrah, Alexander Yaw Debrah, Achim Hoerauf, Dorcas O Owusu, Richard O Phillips, Marc Jacobsen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac428
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1399–e1407
Doxycycline is used for treatment of Mansonella perstans infection. Immune modulatory effects of both M. perstans and doxycycline have been described but long-term implications on host immune response are not defined.
Evaluation of Mycobacterium Avium Complex Pulmonary Disease Treatment Completion and Adherence to ATS/IDSA Guidelines
Jennifer H Ku, Emily Henkle, Kathleen F Carlson, Miguel Marino, Sarah K Brode, Theodore K Marras, Kevin L Winthrop
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac394
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1408–e1415
Nontuberculous mycobacteria are environmental organisms that cause infections leading to chronic, debilitating pulmonary disease, among which Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the most common species.
Management and Control Issues Related to Two Mumps Outbreaks in Houston: Future Implications
Joann Schulte, Kirstin Short, David Persse
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac650
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1416–e1420
Mumps is a highly contagious disease spread by airborne droplets, making control especially difficult in congregate, crowded settings such as shelters and jails.
The Roles of Unrecognized Mpox Cases, Contact Isolation and Vaccination in Determining Epidemic Size in Belgium: A Modeling Study
Christophe Van Dijck, Niel Hens, Chris Kenyon, Achilleas Tsoumanis
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac723
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1421–e1423
We used a network model to simulate a mpox epidemic among men who have sex with men. Our findings suggest that unrecognized infections have an important impact on the epidemic, and that vaccination of individuals at highest risk of infection reduces epidemic size more than post-exposure vaccination of sexual partners.
Infectious Proctitis due to Human Mpox
Keerti Gedela, Dayana Da Silva Fontoura, Alex Salam, Gerry Gorman, John Golden, Geraldine O’Hara, Ahmed Elowaidy, Victoria Tittle, Nicolo Girometti, Gary Whitlock, Sheel Patel, Tara Suchak, Diarmuid Nugent, David Asboe, Marta Boffito, Alan McOwan
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac713
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1424–e1427
We describe 2 cases of infectious proctitis secondary to human monkeypox in patients presenting with rectal pain.
Associations Between Findings of Fusobacterium necrophorum or β-Hemolytic Streptococci and Complications in Pharyngotonsillitis—A Registry-Based Study in Southern Sweden
David Nygren, Lisa Wasserstrom, Karin Holm, Gustav Torisson
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac736
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1428–e1435
Most pharyngotonsillitis guidelines focus on the identification of group A streptococci (GAS), guided by clinical scores determining whom to test with a rapid antigen detection test.
Comparative Outcomes of Candida auris Bloodstream Infections: A Multicenter Retrospective Case-Control Study
Samuel P Simon, Rosanna Li, Michael Silver, Justin Andrade, Biju Tharian, Lung Fu, Diana Villanueva, Daniel Gonzalez Abascal, Ariel Mayer, James Truong, Nilka Figueroa, Monica Ghitan, Edward Chapnick, Yu Shia Lin
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac735
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1436–e1443
This study was performed to compare clinical characteristics and outcomes between patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by Candida auris and those with BSIs caused by other Candida spp.
Nephrotoxicity of Vancomycin in Combination With Beta-Lactam Agents: Ceftolozane-Tazobactam vs Piperacillin-Tazobactam
Sara Alosaimy, Abdalhamid M Lagnf, Athena L V Hobbs, Musa Mubarez, Wesley D Kufel, Taylor Morrisette, Radhika S Polisetty, David Li, Michael P Veve, Sam P Simon, James Truong, Natalie Finch, Veena Venugopalan, Matthew Rico, Lee Amaya, Christine Yost, Ashley Cubillos, Elisabeth Chandler, Megan Patch, Ian Murphy Kelsey Smith, Mark Biagi, Justin Wrin, W Justin Moore, Kyle C Molina, Nicholas Rebold, Dana Holger, Ashlan J Kunz Coyne, Sarah C J Jorgensen, Paige Witucki, Nikki N Tran, Susan L Davis, George Sakoulas, Michael J Rybak
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac670
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1444–e1455
Vancomycin (VAN)-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) is increased when VAN is combined with certain beta-lactams (BLs) such as piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) but has not been evaluated with ceftolozane-tazobactam (C/T).
Targeted Versus Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing-based Detection of Microorganisms in Sonicate Fluid for Periprosthetic Joint Infection Diagnosis
Hyo-Lim Hong, Laure Flurin, Matthew J Thoendel, Matthew J Wolf, Matthew P Abdel, Kerryl E Greenwood-Quaintance, Robin Patel
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac646
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1456–e1462
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is increasingly used for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) diagnosis, but its clinical utility is poorly defined. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing (sNGS) has been reported to identify PJI pathogens undetected by culture in sonicate fluid.
Experience Using Adjuvant Bacteriophage Therapy for the Treatment of 10 Recalcitrant Periprosthetic Joint Infections: A Case Series
James B Doub, Aaron J Johnson, Sumon Nandi, Vincent Ng, Theodore Manson, Myounghee Lee, Benjamin Chan
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac694
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1463–e1466
Periprosthetic joint infections are a devastating complication of joint replacement surgery. One novel therapeutic that has potential to change the current treatment paradigm is bacteriophage therapy.
Stool Interleukin-1β Differentiates Clostridioides difficile Infection (CDI) From Asymptomatic Carriage and Non-CDI Diarrhea
Javier A Villafuerte Gálvez, Nira R Pollock, Carolyn D Alonso, Xinhua Chen, Hua Xu, Lamei Wang, Nicole White, Alice Banz, Mark Miller, Kaitlyn Daugherty, Anne J Gonzalez-Luna, Caitlin Barrett, Rebecca Sprague, Kevin W Garey, Ciaran P Kelly
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac624
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1467–e1475
Despite advances in the understanding and diagnosis of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), clinical distinction within the colonization–infection continuum remains an unmet need.
Incidence, Attributable Mortality, and Healthcare and Out-of-Pocket Costs of Clostridioides difficile Infection in US Medicare Advantage Enrollees
Holly Yu, Tamuno Alfred, Jennifer L Nguyen, Jingying Zhou, Margaret A Olsen
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac467
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1476–e1483
US attributable Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) mortality and cost data are primarily from Medicare fee-for-service populations, and little is known about Medicare Advantage Enrollees (MAEs).
Molecular Analysis With 16S rRNA PCR/Sanger Sequencing and Molecular Antibiogram Performed on DNA Extracted From Valve Improve Diagnosis and Targeted Therapy of Infective Endocarditis: A Prospective Study
Alessandra Mularoni, Malgorzata Mikulska, Floriana Barbera, Elena Graziano, Alice Annalisa Medaglia, Daniele Di Carlo, Francesco Monaco, Diego Bellavia, Antonio Cascio, Giuseppe Raffa, Sergio Sciacca, Angelo Luca, Michele Pilato, Pier Giulio Conaldi
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac452
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1484–e1491
Molecular analysis (MA) on heart valve (HV) improves the microbiologic diagnosis of infectious endocarditis (IE). The main drawback of MA is the lack of antimicrobial susceptibility information.
Microbial Cell-Free DNA Identifies the Causative Pathogen in Infective Endocarditis and Remains Detectable Longer Than Conventional Blood Culture in Patients with Prior Antibiotic Therapy
Emily M Eichenberger, Nicholas Degner, Erick R Scott, Felicia Ruffin, John Franzone, Batu Sharma-Kuinkel, Pratik Shah, David Hong, Sudeb C Dalai, Lily Blair, Desiree Hollemon, Eliza Chang, Carine Ho, Lisa Wanda, Christiaan R de Vries, Vance G Fowler, Jr, Asim A Ahmed
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac426
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 February 2023, Pages e1492–e1500
The diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE) can be difficult, particularly if blood cultures fail to yield a pathogen. This study evaluates the potential utility of microbial cell-free DNA (mcfDNA) as a tool to identify the microbial etiology of IE.
