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To dismantle structural racism in science, scientists need to learn how it works
Caleb Weinreb & Daphne S. SunÂ
doi : 10.1038/s41386-023-01534-2
Volume 48 Issue 4, March 2023
The complexity of drug choice: rats prefer alcohol over social interaction
David N. KearnsÂÂ
Rats choose alcohol over social reward in an operant choice procedure
Nathan J. Marchant, Allison J. McDonald, Rie Matsuzaki, Yvar van Mourik, Dustin Schetters & Taco J. De VriesÂ
doi : 10.1038/s41386-022-01447-6
The interaction between social factors and alcohol addiction is complex, with potential for both positive and negative contributions to drug use and abstinence. Positive social connections are an important component in successful abstinence, and yet the social context of alcohol use can also lead to relapse.
The GABAA receptor modulator zolpidem augments hippocampal-prefrontal coupling during non-REM sleep
Flavie Kersanté, Ross J. Purple & Matthew W. JonesÂ
doi : 10.1038/s41386-022-01355-9
Benzodiazepines and ‘Z-drugs’ (including zolpidem and zopiclone) are GABAA receptor (GABAAR) positive modulators commonly prescribed as hypnotics to treat insomnia and/or anxiety.
Basal forebrain cholinergic signaling in the basolateral amygdala promotes strength and durability of fear memories
Byron E. Crimmins, Nura W. Lingawi, Billy C. Chieng, Beatrice K. Leung, Stephen Maren & Vincent LaurentÂ
doi : 10.1038/s41386-022-01427-w
The basolateral amygdala (BLA) complex receives dense cholinergic projections from the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) and the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca (HDB).
Effects of short-term quetiapine and lithium therapy for acute manic or mixed episodes on the limbic system and emotion regulation circuitry in youth with bipolar disorder
Du Lei, Wenbin Li, Kun Qin, Yuan Ai, Maxwell J. Tallman, L. Rodrigo Patino, Jeffrey A. Welge, Thomas J. Blom, Christina C. Klein, David E. Fleck, Qiyong Gong, Caleb M. Adler, Jeffrey R. Strawn, John A. Sweeney & Melissa P. DelBelloÂ
doi : 10.1038/s41386-022-01463-6
Disruptions in the limbic system, and in emotion regulation circuitry that supports affect modulation, have been reported during acute manic episodes of bipolar disorder (BD). The impact of pharmacological treatment on these deficits, especially in youth, remains poorly characterized.
Reward-related predictors of symptom change in behavioral activation therapy for anhedonic adolescents: a multimodal approach
Christian A. Webb, Laura Murray, Anna O. Tierney, Erika E. Forbes & Diego A. PizzagalliÂ
doi : 10.1038/s41386-022-01481-4
Anhedonia is a cardinal characteristic of depression which predicts worse treatment outcome and is among the most common residual symptoms following treatment. Behavioral Activation (BA) has been shown to be an effective treatment for depressed adults, and more recently, depressed adolescents.
Individualized functional connectome identified generalizable biomarkers for psychiatric symptoms in transdiagnostic patients
Meiling Li, Louisa Dahmani, Catherine S. Hubbard, Yongbo Hu, Meiyun Wang, Danhong Wang & Hesheng LiuÂ
doi : 10.1038/s41386-022-01500-4
Substantial clinical heterogeneity and comorbidity inherent amongst mental disorders limit the identification of neuroimaging biomarkers that can reliably track clinical symptoms. Strategies that enable generation of meaningful and replicable neurobiological markers at the individual level will push the field of neuropsychiatry forward in developing efficacious personalized treatment.
Selective effects of acute and chronic stress on slow and alpha-theta cortical functional connectivity and reversal with subanesthetic ketamine
Donovan M. Ashby & Alexander McGirrÂ
doi : 10.1038/s41386-022-01506-y
Anxious, depressive, traumatic, and other stress-related disorders are associated with large scale brain network functional connectivity changes, yet the relationship between acute stress effects and the emergence of persistent large scale network reorganization is unclear.
The development of compulsive coping behaviour is associated with a downregulation of Arc in a Locus Coeruleus neuronal ensemble
Clara Velazquez-Sanchez, Leila Muresan, Lucia Marti-Prats & David BelinÂ
doi : 10.1038/s41386-022-01522-y
Some compulsive disorders have been considered to stem from the loss of control over coping strategies, such as displacement. However, the cellular mechanisms involved in the acquisition of coping behaviours and their subsequent compulsive manifestation in vulnerable individuals have not been elucidated.
Chronic escitalopram in healthy volunteers has specific effects on reinforcement sensitivity: a double-blind, placebo-controlled semi-randomised study
Christelle Langley, Sophia Armand, Qiang Luo, George Savulich, Tina Segerberg, Anna Søndergaard, Elisabeth B. Pedersen, Nanna Svart, Oliver Overgaard-Hansen, Annette Johansen, Camilla Borgsted, Rudolf N. Cardinal, Trevor W. Robbins, Dea S. Stenbæk, Gitte M. Knudsen & Barbara J. SahakianÂ
doi : 10.1038/s41386-022-01523-x
Several studies of the effects on cognition of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), administered either acutely or sub-chronically in healthy volunteers, have found changes in learning and reinforcement outcomes
Xanomeline restores endogenous nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling in mouse prefrontal cortex
Saige K. Power, Sridevi Venkatesan & Evelyn K. LambeÂ
doi : 10.1038/s41386-023-01531-5
Cholinergic synapses in prefrontal cortex are vital for attention, but this modulatory system undergoes substantial pre- and post-synaptic alterations during adulthood.
Cholinergic system adaptations are associated with cognitive function in people recently abstinent from smoking: a (-)-[18F]flubatine PET study
Katina C. Calakos, Ansel T. Hillmer, Jon Mikael Anderson, Brittany LeVasseur, Stephen R. Baldassarri, Gustavo A. Angarita, David Matuskey, Michael Kapinos, Ming-Qiang Zheng, Yiyun Huang & Kelly P. CosgroveÂ
doi : 10.1038/s41386-023-01535-1
The cholinergic system is a critical mediator of cognition in animals. People who smoke cigarettes exhibit cognitive deficits, especially during quit attempts. Few studies jointly examine the cholinergic system and cognition in people while trying to quit smoking.
The effect of selective nigrostriatal dopamine excess on behaviors linked to the cognitive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Nicolette A. Moya, Seongsik Yun, Stefan W. Fleps, Madison M. Martin, Jacob A. Nadel, Lisa R. Beutler, Larry S. Zweifel & Jones G. ParkerÂ
doi : 10.1038/s41386-022-01492-1
Excess dopamine release in the dorsal striatum (DS) is linked to psychosis. Antipsychotics are thought to work by blocking striatal D2 dopamine receptors, but they lack efficacy for the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.
Electrophysiological signatures of reward learning in the rodent touchscreen-based Probabilistic Reward Task
Ann M. Iturra‑Mena, Brian D. Kangas, Oanh T. Luc, David Potter & Diego A. PizzagalliÂ
doi : 10.1038/s41386-023-01532-4
Blunted reward learning and reward-related activation within the corticostriatal-midbrain circuitry have been implicated in the pathophysiology of anhedonia and depression.
