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Novel targets in EoE: one step forward?
Alex Straumann, Thomas Greuter
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327770
May 2023 - Volume 72 - 5
Eosinophilic esophagitis and the promise of vitamin D
Albert J Bredenoord
Finding a mate for MLCK: improving the potential for therapeutic targeting of gut permeability
Declan F McCole
Gnotobiotic mice housing conditions makes the difference in the context of obesity!
Patrice D Cani, Claude Knauf
A hypoxic ride for neutrophils in PDAC
Daniela Cerezo-Wallis, Andrés Hidalgo
Omics studies in gastroenterological and hepatological patient populations: current impact and future promise exemplified by a large study of HCV-infected livers
Georg M Lauer
IL-20 subfamily cytokines impair the oesophageal epithelial barrier by diminishing filaggrin in eosinophilic oesophagitis
Tanay Kaymak, Berna Kaya, Philipp Wuggenig, Sandro Nuciforo, Andreas Göldi, Swiss EoE Cohort Study Group (SEECS), Franz Oswald, Julien Roux, Mario Noti, Hassan Melhem, Petr Hruz, Jan Hendrik Niess
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327166
Objective Disruption of the epithelial barrier plays an essential role in developing eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE), a disease defined by type 2 helper T cell (Th2)-mediated food-associated and aeroallergen-associated chronic inflammation. Although an increased expression of interleukin (IL)-20 subfamily members, IL-19, IL-20 and IL-24, in Th2-mediated diseases has been reported, their function in EoE remains unknown.
Vitamin D receptor and STAT6 interactome governs oesophageal epithelial barrier responses to IL-13 signalling
Michael Brusilovsky, Mark Rochman, Tetsuo Shoda, Michael Kotliar, Julie M Caldwell, Lydia E Mack, John A Besse, Xiaoting Chen, Matthew T Weirauch, Artem Barski, Marc E Rothenberg
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327276
Objective The contribution of vitamin D (VD) deficiency to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases remains elusive. We aimed to define the impact of VD on oesophageal allergic inflammation.
Population-based investigation of common and deviating patterns of gastric cancer and oesophageal cancer incidence across populations and time
Mengmeng Li, Jin Young Park, Mahdi Sheikh, Violet Kayamba, Harriet Rumgay, Mazda Jenab, Clement Tetteh Narh, Behnoush Abedi-Ardekani, Eileen Morgan, Catherine de Martel, Valerie McCormack, Melina Arnold
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328233
Background The subtypes of gastric cancer (GC) and oesophageal cancer (EC) manifest distinct epidemiological profiles. Here, we aim to examine correlations in their incidence rates and to compare their temporal changes globally, both overall and by subtype.
Large-scale, national, family-based epidemiological study on Helicobacter pylori infection in China: the time to change practice for related disease prevention
Xian-Zhu Zhou, Nong-Hua Lyu, Hui-Yun Zhu, Quan-Cai Cai, Xiang-Yu Kong, Pei Xie, Li-Ya Zhou, Song-Ze Ding, Zhao-Shen Li, Yi-Qi Du
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328965
Background and aims Current practice on Helicobacter pylori infection mostly focuses on individual-based care in the community, but family-based H. pylori management has recently been suggested as a better strategy for infection control. However, the family-based H. pylori infection status, risk factors and transmission pattern remain to be elucidated.
Tacrolimus-binding protein FKBP8 directs myosin light chain kinase-dependent barrier regulation and is a potential therapeutic target in Crohn’s disease
Li Zuo, Wei-Ting Kuo, Feng Cao, Sandra D Chanez-Paredes, Daniel Zeve, Prabhath Mannam, Léa Jean-François, Anne Day, W Vallen Graham, Yan Y Sweat, Nitesh Shashikanth, David T Breault, Jerrold R Turner
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326534
Objective Intestinal barrier loss is a Crohn’s disease (CD) risk factor. This may be related to increased expression and enzymatic activation of myosin light chain kinase 1 (MLCK1), which increases intestinal paracellular permeability and correlates with CD severity. Moreover, preclinical studies have shown that MLCK1 recruitment to cell junctions is required for tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-induced barrier loss as well as experimental inflammatory bowel disease progression. We sought to define mechanisms of MLCK1 recruitment and to target this process pharmacologically.
MCPIP1 restrains mucosal inflammation by orchestrating the intestinal monocyte to macrophage maturation via an ATF3-AP1S2 axis
Huiying Lu, Cui Zhang, Wei Wu, Huimin Chen, Ritian Lin, Ruicong Sun, Xiang Gao, Gengfeng Li, Qiong He, Han Gao, Xiaohan Wu, Jian Lin, Ruixin Zhu, Jianli Niu, Pappachan E Kolattukudy, Zhanju Liu
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327183
Objective Monocyte chemotactic protein-1-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1) is highly expressed in inflamed mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and negatively regulates immune response, while the underlying mechanisms regulating mucosal macrophage functions remain unknown. Here, we investigated the roles of MCPIP1 in modulating the differentiation and functions of intestinal macrophages in the pathogenesis of IBD.
Gnotobiotic mice housing conditions critically influence the phenotype associated with transfer of faecal microbiota in a context of obesity
Laurence Daoust, Béatrice S-Y Choi, Anne-Laure Agrinier, Thibault V Varin, Adia Ouellette, Patricia L Mitchell, Nolwenn Samson, Genevieve Pilon, Emile Levy, Yves Desjardins, Mathieu Laplante, Fernando F Anhê, Vanessa P Houde, Andre Marette
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326475
Objective Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in germ-free (GF) mice is a common approach to study the causal role of the gut microbiota in metabolic diseases. Lack of consideration of housing conditions post-FMT may contribute to study heterogeneity. We compared the impact of two housing strategies on the metabolic outcomes of GF mice colonised by gut microbiota from mice treated with a known gut modulator (cranberry proanthocyanidins (PAC)) or vehicle.
Akkermansia muciniphila counteracts the deleterious effects of dietary emulsifiers on microbiota and host metabolism
Noëmie Daniel, Andrew T Gewirtz, Benoit Chassaing
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326835
Background Accumulating evidence indicates that some non-absorbed food additives, including emulsifiers carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and polysorbate 80 (P80), can negatively impact intestinal microbiota, leading to microbiota encroachment, chronic low-grade intestinal inflammation and, subsequently, promotion of metabolic dysregulations. Detrimental impacts of emulsifier consumption on gut microbiota include depletion of the health-associated mucus-fortifying bacteria, Akkermansia muciniphila.
Gestational diabetes is driven by microbiota-induced inflammation months before diagnosis
Yishay Pinto, Sigal Frishman, Sondra Turjeman, Adi Eshel, Meital Nuriel-Ohayon, Oshrit Shrossel, Oren Ziv, William Walters, Julie Parsonnet, Catherine Ley, Elizabeth L Johnson, Krithika Kumar, Ron Schweitzer, Soliman Khatib, Faiga Magzal, Efrat Muller, Snait Tamir, Kinneret Tenenbaum-Gavish, Samuli Rautava, Seppo Salminen, Erika Isolauri, Or Yariv, Yoav Peled, Eran Poran, Joseph Pardo, Rony Chen, Moshe Hod, Elhanan Borenstein, Ruth E Ley, Betty Schwartz, Yoram Louzoun, Eran Hadar, Omry Koren
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328406
Objective Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition in which women without diabetes are diagnosed with glucose intolerance during pregnancy, typically in the second or third trimester. Early diagnosis, along with a better understanding of its pathophysiology during the first trimester of pregnancy, may be effective in reducing incidence and associated short-term and long-term morbidities.
Alterations to the duodenal microbiota are linked to gastric emptying and symptoms in functional dyspepsia
Erin R Shanahan, Seungha Kang, Heidi Staudacher, Ayesha Shah, Anh Do, Grace Burns, Veronique S Chachay, Natasha A Koloski, Simon Keely, Marjorie M Walker, Nicholas J Talley, Mark Morrison, Gerald J Holtmann
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326158
Objective Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a complex disorder, with debilitating epigastric symptoms. Evidence suggests alterations in gastrointestinal (GI) motility, visceral hypersensitivity, permeability and low-level immune activation in the duodenum may play a role. However, we still have a relatively poor understanding of how these factors interact to precipitate the onset of FD symptoms which are frequently meal related.
Identification of bacterial lipopeptides as key players in IBS
Camille Petitfils, Sarah Maurel, Gaelle Payros, Amandine Hueber, Bahija Agaiz, Géraldine Gazzo, Rémi Marrocco, Frédéric Auvray, Geoffrey Langevin, Jean-Paul Motta, Pauline Floch, Marie Tremblay-Franco, Jean-Marie Galano, Alexandre Guy, Thierry Durand, Simon Lachambre, Anaëlle Durbec, Hind Hussein, Lisse Decraecker, Justine Bertrand-Michel, Abdelhadi Saoudi, Eric Oswald, Pierrick Poisbeau, Gilles Dietrich, Chloe Melchior, Guy Boeckxstaens, Matteo Serino, Pauline Le Faouder, Nicolas Cenac
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328084
Objectives Clinical studies revealed that early-life adverse events contribute to the development of IBS in adulthood. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between prenatal stress (PS), gut microbiota and visceral hypersensitivity with a focus on bacterial lipopeptides containing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Rates of repeated colonoscopies to clean the colon from low-risk and high-risk adenomas: results from the EPoS trials
Frederik Emil Juul, Kjetil Garborg, Eugen Nesbakken, Magnus Løberg, Paulina Wieszczy, JoaquÃn Cubiella, Mette Kalager, Michael F Kaminski, Rune Erichsen, Hans-Olov Adami, Monika Ferlitsch, Siv K B Furholm, Ann G Zauber, Enrique Quintero, Marek Bugajski, Øyvind Holme, Evelien Dekker, Rodrigo Jover, Michael Bretthauer
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327696
Objective High-quality colonoscopy (adequate bowel preparation, whole-colon visualisation and removal of all neoplastic polyps) is a prerequisite to start polyp surveillance, and is ideally achieved in one colonoscopy. In a large multinational polyp surveillance trial, we aimed to investigate clinical practice variation in number of colonoscopies needed to enrol patients with low-risk and high-risk adenomas in polyp surveillance.
Single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals BHLHE40-driven pro-tumour neutrophils with hyperactivated glycolysis in pancreatic tumour microenvironment
Liwen Wang, Yihao Liu, Yuting Dai, Xiaomei Tang, Tong Yin, Chaofu Wang, Ting Wang, Lei Dong, Minmin Shi, Jiejie Qin, Meilin Xue, Yizhi Cao, Jia Liu, Pengyi Liu, Jinyan Huang, Chenlei Wen, Jun Zhang, Zhiwei Xu, Fan Bai, Xiaxing Deng, Chenghong Peng, Hao Chen, Lingxi Jiang, Saijuan Chen, Baiyong Shen
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326070
Objective Innate immunity plays important roles in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), as non-T-cell-enriched tumour. Neutrophils are major players in innate immune system. Here, we aimed to explore the heterogeneity and pro-tumour mechanisms of neutrophils in PDAC.
Quantification of the hepatitis B virus cccDNA: evidence-based guidelines for monitoring the key obstacle of HBV cure
Lena Allweiss, Barbara Testoni, Mei Yu, Julie Lucifora, Chunkyu Ko, Bingqian Qu, Marc Lütgehetmann, Haitao Guo, Stephan Urban, Simon P Fletcher, Ulrike Protzer, Massimo Levrero, Fabien Zoulim, Maura Dandri
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328380
Objectives A major goal of curative hepatitis B virus (HBV) treatments is the reduction or inactivation of intrahepatic viral covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). Hence, precise cccDNA quantification is essential in preclinical and clinical studies. Southern blot (SB) permits cccDNA visualisation but lacks sensitivity and is very laborious.
Defining the key intrahepatic gene networks in HCV infection driven by sex
Emanuele Marchi, Narayan Ramamurthy, M Azim Ansari, Caroline E Harrer, STOP-HCV, Eleanor Barnes, Paul Klenerman
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326314
Objective The transcriptional response in the liver during HCV infection is critical for determining clinical outcomes. This issue remains relatively unexplored as tissue access to address this at scale is usually limited. We aimed to profile the transcriptomics of HCV-infected livers to describe the expression networks involved and assess the effect on them of major predictors of clinical outcome such as IFNL4 (interferon lambda 4) host genotype and sex.
Mass cytometry-based peripheral blood analysis as a novel tool for early detection of solid tumours: a multicentre study
Qi Zhang, Mao Ye, Cheng Lin, Manyi Hu, Yangyang Wang, Yu Lou, Quanming Kong, Jungang Zhang, Junjian Li, Yuhua Zhang, Tianxing Yang, Xu Sun, Weiyun Yao, Yongfei Hua, Haifeng Huang, Minghui Xu, Xiaoguang Wang, Xin Yu, Weifeng Tao, Runtian Liu, Yuming Gao, Tian Wang, Jianing Wang, Xiaobao Wei, Jiangchao Wu, Zhengping Yu, Chengwu Zhang, Chaohui Yu, Xueli Bai, Tingbo Liang
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327496
Objective Early detection of a tumour remains an unmet medical need, and approaches with high sensitivity and specificity are urgently required. Mass cytometry time-of-flight (CyTOF) is a powerful technique to profile immune cells and could be applied to tumour detection. We attempted to establish diagnostic models for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
Clinical advances: pregnancy in gastroenterologic and hepatic conditions
Sunanda V Kane, Nancy Reau
doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328893
The fields of gastroenterology and hepatology, along with endoscopic practice, have seen significant changes and innovations to practice in just the past few years. These practice changes are not limited to gastroenterology, but maternal fetal medicine and the care of the pregnant person have become increasingly more sophisticated as well.
Gastric emptying study before gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy (G-POEM): can intragastric meal distribution be a predictor of success?
Francesco Vito Mandarino, Sabrina Gloria Giulia Testoni, Alberto Barchi, Gino Pepe, Dario Esposito, Lorella Fanti, Edi Viale, Paolo Biamonte, Francesco Azzolini, Silvio Danese
Hepatic events associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide cohort study
Sungho Bea, Han Eol Jeong, Sohee Park, Oriana H Y Yu, Yoosoo Chang, Juhee Cho, Dong Hyun Sinn, Young Min Cho, Ju-Young Shin
Transcolonic natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is a promising technique for but not limited to periappendiceal lesions
Tao Chen, Meidong Xu
Further research needed to determine first-line therapy for IBS in primary care
Anupam Rej, David S Sanders, Imran Aziz
Lumen-apposing metal stents versus double-pigtail plastic stents for infected necrotising pancreatitis: more doubts than answers
Alberto Larghi, Antonio Facciorusso
Rare cause of recurrent acute pancreatitis: a double whammy from the pancreas and duodenum
Zixuan He, Shengbing Zhao, Shuling Wang, Shasha Song, Zhaoshen Li, Yu Bai
