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In the Literature
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciad039
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages i–ii
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Viremia in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Should We Treat the CMV? or the HIV? or Both?
Laura I Levi, Jean-Michel Molina
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciad011
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 975–976
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reflects the level of immunodeficiency. In the absence of CMV end-organ disease, early start of effective antiretroviral therapy is the only treatment required and is most often sufficient to control CMV replication.
Obesity-Related Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Weight Gain Following First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy
Juan Berenguer, Inmaculada JarrÃn, José M Bellón, Cristina DÃez, MarÃa A Jiménez-Sousa, Cristina Roca, Juan González-GarcÃa, David Dalmau, Julián Olalla, Carmen Herrero, Francesc Villarroya, Pere Domingo, Salvador Resino
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac880
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 977–985
We studied the association of obesity-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (OR-SNPs) with weight gain after antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH).
Comparative Safety and Attributable Healthcare Expenditures Following Inappropriate Versus Appropriate Outpatient Antibiotic Prescriptions Among Adults With Upper Respiratory Infections
Anne M Butler, Derek S Brown, Jason G Newland, Katelin B Nickel, John M Sahrmann, Caroline A O’Neil, Margaret A Olsen, Rachel M Zetts, David Y Hyun, Michael J Durkin
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac879
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 986–995
Little is known about the clinical and financial consequences of inappropriate antibiotics. We aimed to estimate the comparative risk of adverse drug events and attributable healthcare expenditures associated with inappropriate versus appropriate antibiotic prescriptions for common respiratory infections.
Characterization of Viruses in Phase 3 and Phase 3b Trials (the Ring Study and the Dapivirine Ring Extended Access and Monitoring Trial) of the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection Risk Reduction
John Steytler, Charles Craig, Elna van der Ryst, Ben Van Baelen, Jeremy Nuttall, Neliëtte van Niekerk, John Mellors, Urvi Parikh, Carole Wallis, for the Ring Study and the DREAM Trial Study Teams
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac875
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 996–1002
The Ring Study demonstrated 35.1% human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection risk reduction among participants who used the Dapivirine vaginal ring-004 (DVR), whereas the Dapivirine Ring Extended Access and Monitoring (DREAM) trial, approximated a 62% risk reduction.
Incidence, Clinical Characteristics, and Impact of Absent Echocardiographic Signs in Patients With Infective Endocarditis After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Norman Mangner, Vassili Panagides, David del Val, Mohamed Abdel-Wahab, Lisa Crusius, Eric Durand, Nikolaj Ihlemann, Marina Urena, Costanza Pellegrini, Francesco Giannini, Tomasz Gasior, Wojtek Wojakowski, Martin Landt, Vincent Auffret, Jan-Malte Sinning, Asim N Cheema, Luis Nombela-Franco, Chekrallah Chamandi, Francisco Campelo-Parada, Erika Munoz-Garcia, Howard C Herrmann, Luca Testa, Won-Keun Kim, Helene Eltchaninoff, Lars Søndergaard, Dominique Himbert, Oliver Husser, Azeem Latib, Hervé Le Breton, Clement Servoz, Philippe Gervais, Mélanie Côté, Holger Thiele, David Holzhey, Axel Linke, Josep Rodés-Cabau
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac872
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 1003–1012
Echocardiography is the primary imaging modality for diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE) in prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) including IE after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).
Ultrasononography in Managing Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: A Randomized, Controlled, Parallel, Superiority, Open-Label Trial
Robert Ndege, Omary Ngome, Fiona Vanobberghen, Farida Bani, Yvan Temba, Herieth Wilson, Jerry Hella, Winfrid Gingo, Mohamed Sasamalo, Dorcas Mnzava, Namvua Kimera, Hellen Hiza, John Wigayi, Herry Mapesi, Irene B Kato, Francis Mhimbira, Klaus Reither, Manuel Battegay, Daniel H Paris, Maja Weisser, Martin Rohacek
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac871
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 1013–1021
Patients with suspected extrapulmonary tuberculosis are often treated empirically. We hypothesized that extended focused assessment with sonography for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (eFASH), in combination with other tests, would increase the proportion of correctly managed patients with suspected extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Recreational Drugs on Cognitive Functions
Sophie Henrard, Nicola Trotta, Antonin Rovai, Tim Coolen, Hichem Slama, Julie Bertels, Delphine Puttaert, Jean-Christophe Goffard, Jean-Paul Van Vooren, Serge Goldman, Xavier De Tiège
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac870
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 1022–1029
This prospective study characterizes the structural and metabolic cerebral correlates of cognitive impairments found in a preclinical setting that considers the lifestyle of young European men exposed to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), including recreational drugs.
Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A(H3N2)–Associated Hospitalized Illness: United States, 2022
Mark W Tenforde, Manish M Patel, Nathaniel M Lewis, Katherine Adams, Manjusha Gaglani, Jay S Steingrub, Nathan I Shapiro, Abhijit Duggal, Matthew E Prekker, Ithan D Peltan, David N Hager, Michelle N Gong, Matthew C Exline, Adit A Ginde, Nicholas M Mohr, Christopher Mallow, Emily T Martin, H Keipp Talbot, Kevin W Gibbs, Jennie H Kwon, James D Chappell, Natasha Halasa, Adam S Lauring, Christopher J Lindsell, Sydney A Swan, Kimberly W Hart, Kelsey N Womack, Adrienne Baughman, Carlos G Grijalva, Wesley H Self, for the Influenza and Other Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac869
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 1030–1037
The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with historically low influenza circulation during the 2020–2021 season, followed by an increase in influenza circulation during the 2021–2022 US season. The 2a.2 subgroup of the influenza A(H3N2) 3C.2a1b subclade that predominated was antigenically different from the vaccine strain.
When the Neighboring Village is Not Treated: Role of Geographic Proximity to Communities Not Receiving Mass Antibiotics for Trachoma
Arman Mosenia, Berhan A Haile, Ayalew Shiferaw, Sintayehu Gebresillasie, Teshome Gebre, Mulat Zerihun, Zerihun Tadesse, Paul M Emerson, E Kelly Callahan, Zhaoxia Zhou, Thomas M Lietman, Jeremy D Keenan
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac866
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 1038–1042
Mass administration of azithromycin is an established strategy for decreasing the prevalence of trachoma in endemic areas. However, nearby untreated communities could serve as a reservoir that may increase the chances of chlamydia reinfection in treated communities.
Sapovirus Infections in an Australian Community-Based Healthy Birth Cohort During the First 2 Years of Life
Asmaa El-Heneidy, Robert S Ware, Stephen B Lambert, Keith Grimwood
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac861
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 1043–1049
Sapovirus is an important cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in young children. However, knowledge gaps remain in community settings. We investigated the epidemiology, disease characteristics, and healthcare use associated with sapovirus infections in Australian children during their first 2 years of life.
New Perspectives for Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis: Impact of Molecular Imaging by FISHseq Diagnostics
Maria M Hajduczenia, Frank R Klefisch, Alexander G M Hopf, Herko Grubitzsch, Miriam S Stegemann, Frieder Pfäfflin, Birgit Puhlmann, Michele Ocken, Lucie Kretzler, Dinah von Schöning, Volkmar Falk, Annette Moter, Judith Kikhney
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac860
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 1050–1058
The microbial etiology of prosthetic valve infective endocarditis (PVE) can be difficult to identify. Our aim was to investigate the benefit of molecular imaging technique fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) combined with 16S rRNA-gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing (FISHseq) for the analysis of infected prosthetic heart valves.
Microbial Volatiles as Diagnostic Biomarkers of Bacterial Lung Infection in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Waqar M Ahmed, Dominic Fenn, Iain R White, Breanna Dixon, Tamara M E Nijsen, Hugo H Knobel, Paul Brinkman, Pouline M P Van Oort, Marcus J Schultz, Paul Dark, Royston Goodacre, Timothy Felton, Lieuwe D J Bos, Stephen J Fowler, for the BreathDx Consortium
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac859
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 1059–1066
Early and accurate recognition of respiratory pathogens is crucial to prevent increased risk of mortality in critically ill patients. Microbial-derived volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) in exhaled breath could be used as noninvasive biomarkers of infection to support clinical diagnosis.
Effectiveness of Evusheld in Immunocompromised Patients: Propensity Score–Matched Analysis
Ronza Najjar-Debbiny, Naomi Gronich, Gabriel Weber, Nili Stein, Walid Saliba
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac855
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 1067–1073
Tixagevimab and cilgavimab, a combined monoclonal antibody (Evusheld), was granted emergency use authorization for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) preexposure prophylaxis in individuals with immunocompromising conditions.
Diagnostic Performance of Physician Gestalt for Bacteremia in Patients in the Process of Being Admitted With Suspected Infection
Kotaro Fujii, Toshihiko Takada, Tsukasa Kamitani, Takuya Aoki, Taro Takeshima, Masataka Kudo, Sho Sasaki, Tetsuhiro Yano, Yu Yagi, Yasuhiro Tsuchido, Hideyuki Itoh, Shunichi Fukuhara, Yosuke Yamamoto
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac854
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 1074–1079
Due to potentially fatal consequences of missed bacteremia, blood cultures are often overused. While there are several prediction models that can be used to identify patients who truly need blood cultures, physicians often rely on their gestalt. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of physician gestalt for bacteremia in comparison with 2 existing prediction models: Takeshima and Shapiro.
Recurrence of Symptoms Following Cryptococcal Meningitis: Characterizing a Diagnostic Conundrum With Multiple Etiologies
Nathan C Bahr, Caleb P Skipper, Kathy Huppler-Hullsiek, Kenneth Ssebambulidde, Bozena M Morawski, Nicole W Engen, Edwin Nuwagira, Carson M Quinn, Prashanth S Ramachandran, Emily E Evans, Sarah M Lofgren, Mahsa Abassi, Conrad Muzoora, Michael R Wilson, David B Meya, Joshua Rhein, David R Boulware
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac853
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 1080–1087
Cryptococcal meningitis is a common cause of AIDS-related mortality. Although symptom recurrence after initial treatment is common, the etiology is often difficult to decipher. We sought to summarize characteristics, etiologies, and outcomes among persons with second-episode symptomatic recurrence.
Adverse Events Following Immunization With mRNA and Viral Vector Vaccines in Individuals With Previous Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection From the Canadian National Vaccine Safety Network
Julie A Bettinger, Michael A Irvine, Hennady P Shulha, Louis Valiquette, Matthew P Muller, Otto G Vanderkooi, James D Kellner, Karina A Top, Manish Sadarangani, Allison McGeer, Jennifer E Isenor, Kimberly Marty, Phyumar Soe, Gaston De Serres, for the Canadian Immunization Research Network
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac852
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 1088–1102
Adults previously infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) develop short-term immunity and may have increased reactogenicity to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines.
Higher Levels of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Neurofilament Light in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Distal Sensory Polyneuropathy
Ronald J Ellis, Ahmed Chenna, Yolanda Lie, Dusica Curanovic, John Winslow, Bin Tang, Christina M Marra, Leah H Rubin, David B Clifford, J Allen McCutchan, Benjamin B Gelman, Jessica Robinson-Papp, Christos J Petropoulos, Scott L Letendre
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac851
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 1103–1109
Neurofilament light (NFL) chain concentrations, reflecting axonal damage, are seen in several polyneuropathies but have not been studied in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP). We evaluated NFL in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma in relation to DSP in people with HIV (PWH) from 2 independent cohorts and in people without HIV (PWoH).
Differential Patterns by Area-Level Social Determinants of Health in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)–Related Mortality and Non–COVID-19 Mortality: A Population-Based Study of 11.8 Million People in Ontario, Canada
Linwei Wang, Andrew Calzavara, Stefan Baral, Janet Smylie, Adrienne K Chan, Beate Sander, Peter C Austin, Jeffrey C Kwong, Sharmistha Mishra
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac850
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 1110–1120
Social determinants of health (SDOH) have been associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. We examined patterns in COVID-19–related mortality by SDOH and compared these patterns to those for non–COVID-19 mortality.
Adverse Events Associated With Treatment for Pan-Susceptible Tuberculosis in San Francisco
Janice K Louie, Chris Keh, Rocio Agraz-Lara, Allison Phillips, Susannah Graves
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac867
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 1121–1124
Of 373 patients treated for drug-susceptible tuberculosis, 35.4% (46.2% aged ≥65 years) developed moderate/severe adverse events that required treatment interruption (34.8%), first-line drug discontinuation (26.2%, primarily pyrazinamide), second-line drug initiation (30.0%), and treatment duration up to 3.8 months longer. More safe and effective options are needed, including for the elderly.
Real-Time Whole Genome Sequencing to Guide Patient-Tailored Therapy of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
Luke B Snell, Adela Alcolea-Medina, Themoula Charalampous, Christopher Alder, Tom G S Williams, Flavia Flaviani, Rahul Batra, Prijay Bakrania, Rajeni Thangarajah, Stuart J D Neil, Claire van Nispen tot Pannerden, Alina Botgros, Emma Aarons, Samuel T Douthwaite, Jonathan D Edgeworth, Gaia Nebbia
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac864
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 1125–1128
The management of coronavirus disease 2019 has become more complex due to the expansion of available therapies. The presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants and mutations further complicates treatment due to their differing susceptibilities to therapies.
Racial Differences in the Diagnosis of Lyme Disease in Children
Kathryn M Hunt, Kenneth A Michelson, Fran Balamuth, Amy D Thompson, Michael N Levas, Desiree N Neville, Anupam B Kharbanda, Laura Chapman, Lise E Nigrovic, for Pedi Lyme Net
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac863
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 1129–1131
Black children with Lyme disease compared with children of other races were less likely to have an erythema migrans lesion diagnosed (adjusted odds ratio, 0.34; 95% confidence interval, .14-.79) but more likely to have a swollen joint (adjusted odds ratio, 3.68; 95% confidence interval, 2.13-6.36) after adjustment for age and local Lyme incidence.
Histological Features Associated With Human Mpox Virus Infection in 2022 Outbreak in a Nonendemic Country
Faris Chalali, Marie Merlant, Audrey Truong, Jade Ghosn, Bao-Chau Phung, Bastien Mollo, Ségolène Perrineau, Mayda Rahi, Nadhira Fidouh-Houhou, Valentine Marie Ferré, Florence Brunet-Possenti, Vincent Descamps, Fabrice Bouscarat, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Lydia Deschamps, Chloé Bertin
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac856
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 1132–1135
Skin histology of papules and pustules from 5 men having sex with men with mpox infection showed viral intracytoplasmic cytopathic changes, interface dermatitis, marked inflammatory dermic infiltrate including superficial neutrophils and perivascular and periadnexal deep lymphocytes.
Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment: Broad in Theory, Narrow in Reality
Laura Waters, Rosa de Miguel-Buckley, Sébastien Poulin, Jose R Arribas
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac835
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 1136–1141
In this viewpoint, we briefly review the status of antiretroviral therapy (ART), its unmet needs, and the role that broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) might have in the near future for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Severe Arboviral Neuroinvasive Disease in Patients on Rituximab Therapy: A Review
Ronak K Kapadia, J Erin Staples, Christine M Gill, Marc Fischer, Ezza Khan, Janeen J Laven, Amanda Panella, Jason O Velez, Holly R Hughes, Aaron Brault, Daniel M Pastula, Carolyn V Gould
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac766
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 1142–1148
With increasing use of rituximab and other B-cell depleting monoclonal antibodies for multiple indications, infectious complications are being recognized.
Cutaneous Eruptions After Masking
Hareesh V Singam, Richard L Oehler
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciab584
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 1149–1151
Blautia Abundance and Mucosal Barrier Injury: A Complex Play of Cause and Effect
Charlotte E M de Mooij, Lenneke F J van Groningen, Eva B D Molendijk, Hannah R Wardill, Walter J F M van der Velden, Nicole M A Blijlevens
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac887
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 1152–1153
Reply to de Mooij et al
Armin Rashidi, Jonathan U Peled, Christopher Staley
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac888
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 1153–1154
Test of 5- Versus 10-Day Remdesivir Treatment in Immunocompromised Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Victoria C Yan
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac877
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 1154–1155
Reply to Yan
John I Hogan, Ralf Duerr, Adriana Heguy
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac878
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 1155–1156
Prolonged QTc in Black and Latinx Cisgender and Transgender Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in an Urban Area
Boniface Malangu, Sarah Bentil-Owusu, Arun Mattappallil, Joachim Sackey, Bishoy Gad, Mina Ghbrial, Perry Wengrofsky, Julius Gardin, Diana Finkel
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac873
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 1156–1157
Correction to: Duration of Protection After Vaccination Against Yellow Fever: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac822
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Page 1158
Correction to: Effectiveness of Paxlovid in Reducing Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Mortality in High-Risk Patients
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac702
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Pages 1158–1159
Correction to: Coronavirus Disease 2019 Breakthrough Infection and Post-Vaccination Neutralizing Antibodies Among Healthcare Workers in a Referral Hospital in Tokyo: A Case-Control Matching Study
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac632
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Page 1159
Withdrawn as duplicate: Cover image/text
doi : 10.1093/cid/ciac564
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2023, Page 1160
