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Acknowledgment of 2020 Reviewers
doi : 10.1007/s10620-021-06873-y
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages645–654(2021)
Welcome Associate Editors Surinder Singh Rana and Rupjyoti Talukdar
Jonathan D. Kaunitz
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06795-1
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages655–656(2021)
Transpancreatic Sphincterotomy: “I Don’t Get No Respect”
John A. Martin
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06771-9
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages657–659(2021)
All Systems Go: Reconsidering Healthcare Costs in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Daniel J. Stein
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06429-6
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages660–661(2021)
Now Trending: Using Google Trends to Complement Traditional Epidemiological Methods Used for IBS Research
David J. Levinthal
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06407-y
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages662–664(2021)
Double Trouble: Reducing Gastrointestinal Bleeding due to DAPT Following Acute Coronary Syndromes
Fares Ayoub & Neil Sengupta
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06354-8
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages665–667(2021)
The Pressure’s on: Finding the Cause of Diverticula Formation
Jan D. Huizinga & Ji-Hong Chen
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06373-5
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages668–670(2021)
Pondering the Pandemic’s Problems: A Program Director’s Perspective
Andrew Ming-Liang Ong
doi : 10.1007/s10620-021-06851-4
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages671–673(2021)
The year 2020 was challenging for many fellowship programs with regard to training or even burnouts. In this article, I will reflect on being a new program director having to deal with new responsibilities amidst an evolving pandemic. I highlight ten takeaway reflections with the hope that others may find these relevant to their current situation as training program leaders and mentors.
Bile Acid Signaling in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Stefano Fiorucci, Adriana Carino, Monia Baldoni, Luca Santucci, Emanuele Costanzi, Luigina Graziosi, Eleonora Distrutti & Michele Biagioli
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06715-3
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages674–693(2021)
Bile acids are a group of chemically different steroids generated at the host/microbial interface. Indeed, while primary bile acids are the end-product of cholesterol breakdown in the host liver, secondary bile acids are the products of microbial metabolism. Primary and secondary bile acids along with their oxo derivatives have been identified as signaling molecules acting on a family of cell membrane and nuclear receptors collectively known as “bile acid-activated receptors.” Members of this group of receptors are highly expressed throughout the gastrointestinal tract and mediate the bilateral communications of the intestinal microbiota with the host immune system. The expression and function of bile acid-activated receptors FXR, GPBAR1, PXR, VDR, and ROR?t are highly dependent on the structure of the intestinal microbiota and negatively regulated by intestinal inflammation. Studies from gene ablated mice have demonstrated that FXR and GPBAR1 are essential to maintain a tolerogenic phenotype in the intestine, and their ablation promotes the polarization of intestinal T cells and macrophages toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype. ROR?t inhibition by oxo-bile acids is essential to constrain Th17 polarization of intestinal lymphocytes. Gene-wide association studies and functional characterizations suggest a potential role for impaired bile acid signaling in development inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In this review, we will focus on how bile acids and their receptors mediate communications of intestinal microbiota with the intestinal immune system, describing dynamic changes of bile acid metabolism in IBD and the potential therapeutic application of targeting bile acid signaling in these disorders.
Efficacy of Single-Strain Probiotics Versus Multi-Strain Mixtures: Systematic Review of Strain and Disease Specificity
Lynne V. McFarland
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06244-z
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages694–704(2021)
The diversity of probiotic products makes choosing an appropriate probiotic challenging. One unanswered question is whether single-strain probiotics are more effective than multi-strain mixtures. The aim of this review is to account for both disease and strain specificity to determine whether single strains or multiple strains are equivalent or more effective. This literature review of randomized controlled trials from 1973 to 2019 was used to compare the pooled efficacy of trials with a single strain versus the probiotic mixture with same matched strain within the same type of disease indication. A total of 65 RCTs were included (41 with single strains, 22 multi-strain mixtures and 2 comparing single strain to mixture arms) for eight different disease indications (N?=?10,863). Only three strains (L. rhamnosus GG, L. helveticus R52 and B. lactis Bb12) had corresponding trials with matching mixtures. Use of L. rhamnosus GG only was significantly more protective for necrotizing enterocolitis compared to two mixtures also containing different strains of B. lactis. The mixture of L. rhamnosus GG and B. lactis Bb12 was significantly more effective than L. rhamnosus GG alone for the eradication of H. pylori. In most cases, single strains were equivalent to mixtures. Choice of an appropriate probiotic should be based, not on the number of strains in the product, rather based on evidence-based trials of efficacy. In most cases, multi-strain mixtures were not significantly more effective than single-strain probiotics.
Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Diagnosis and Pathogenesis of Barrett’s Esophagus: A Mini-Review
Qiuyang Zhang & Ajay Bansal
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06250-1
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages705–713(2021)
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) continues to be a significant public health problem with survival rates that have remained stagnant. Although the population at the highest risk for EAC, i.e., patients with Barrett’s esophagus (BE) has been clearly defined, patients with EAC continue to do poorly due to advanced stage at diagnosis. The field of extracellular vesicles (EV) could have huge application for the management of patients with BE and EAC by allowing timely diagnosis, serial monitoring, and improved understanding of disease biology. EV are actively packaged and actively secreted vesicles and contain microRNAs, proteins, lipids, and DNA. The contents of EV have been shown to provide useful insights into cellular transformation and pro-oncogenic processes. Early work shows promise but suffers from a high degree of technical and biological variation. The current review not only summarizes the current knowledge about EV as diagnostic biomarkers and their role in disease progression of BE and EAC but also provides the reader practical guidance to devise future experiments to perform well-designed studies.
Granular Data: A Rare Submucosal Tumor of the Colon—Case Report and Review of the Literature
Nico Pagano, Giovanna Impellizzeri, Massimo P. Di Simone, Matteo Rottoli, Maria G. Pirini, Augusto Lauro, Socrate Pallio & Gilberto Poggioli
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06753-x
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages714–722(2021)
Granular cellular tumors are unusual lesions that can occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where they localize most commonly to the esophagus followed by the colon.
Author Spotlight: Giovanna Impellizzeri
Giovanna Impellizzeri
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06754-w
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, page723(2021)
Occam’s Razor: An Unusual Shoulder Mass in a Patient with Achalasia
Alexa R. Weingarden, Victoria Villescas, John Clarke & George Triadafilopoulos
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06558-y
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages724–727(2021)
Cure My Virus: Hematemesis and Melena in a Transplant Recipient
S. Sahni, H. Kassam, N. Yaghooti, A. Birg & D. M. McCarthy
doi : 10.1007/s10620-021-06838-1
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages728–732(2021)
Two Strikes but Not Out: Deep Remission of Ulcerative Colitis with Ustekinumab After Primary Non-response to Infliximab and Vedolizumab
Rahul S. Dalal, Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan, Matthew J. Hamilton & Rachel W. Winter
doi : 10.1007/s10620-021-06852-3
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages733–737(2021)
Author Spotlight: Rahul S. Dalal
Rahul S. Dalal
doi : 10.1007/s10620-021-06853-2
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, page738(2021)
Perceived Barriers to Treatment in Persons Treated for Functional Gastrointestinal Disease with Constipation
Klaus Bielefeldt
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06544-4
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages739–750(2021)
Despite expanding treatment options, patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) frequently express concerns about problems with access to care. We hypothesized that health insurance coverage contributes to the perceived problems with care delivery.
Readmissions Rates After Myocardial Infarction for Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A National Perspective
Kamesh Gupta, Ahmad Khan, Manish Kumar, Khalid Sawalha, Mohammed Abozenah & Rohit Singhania
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06315-1
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages751–759(2021)
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is one most common complications of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We aimed to determine the incidence, in-hospital outcomes, associated healthcare burden and predictors of GI bleeding within 30 days after AMI.
A Phenome-Wide Analysis of Healthcare Costs Associated with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Winston Cai, Andrew Cagan, Zeling He & Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06329-9
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages760–767(2021)
Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are associated with considerable direct healthcare costs. There have been few comprehensive analyses of all IBD- and non-IBD comorbidities that determine direct costs in this population.
Standardized Workflows Improve Colonoscopy Follow-Up After Abnormal Fecal Immunochemical Tests in a Safety-Net System
Rachel B. Issaka, Carly Rachocki, Michael P. Huynh, Ellen Chen & Ma Somsouk
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06228-z
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages768–774(2021)
How clinical teams function varies across sites and may affect follow-up of abnormal fecal immunochemical test (FIT) results.
Image Analysis of Eosinophil Peroxidase Immunohistochemistry for Diagnosis of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Benjamin L. Wright, Alfred D. Doyle, Kelly P. Shim, Rish K. Pai, Suzanne M. Barshow, Jennifer L. Horsley-Silva, Huijun Luo, Matthew A. Rank, Elizabeth A. Jacobsen, David A. Katzka, Hirohito Kita & Evan S. Dellon
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06230-5
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages775–783(2021)
Diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) requires manual quantification of tissue eosinophils. Eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) is an eosinophil-specific, cytoplasmic granule protein released during degranulation.
Secretory Phospholipase A2 IIa Mediates Expression of Growth Factor Receptors in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Alison L. Halpern, Patrick D. Kohtz, Allana M. White, Anna K. Houk, Jacob F. Rehring, Levent Hanson, Martin. D. McCarter, Molishree Joshi, Xianzhong Meng, David A. Fullerton & Michael J. Weyant
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06241-2
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages784–795(2021)
Receptor tyrosine kinases of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family such as human epidermal receptor-2 (HER2) are involved in the development and progression of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Prior studies have demonstrated that group IIa secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2 IIa) can function as a ligand for the EGFR family of receptors and lead to an increase in receptor signaling.
Contribution of Splenic Resistance Arteries to Splanchnic Blood Overflow in Cirrhosis
Saadet Turkseven, Massimo Bolognesi & Marco Di Pascoli
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06233-2
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages796–801(2021)
In liver cirrhosis, a marked splanchnic vasodilation causes an increase in portal blood flow, contributing to the development of portal hypertension.
Androgen Receptor Stimulates Hexokinase 2 and Induces Glycolysis by PKA/CREB Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
R. F. Sun, C. Y. Zhao, S. Chen, W. Yu, M. M. Zhou & C. R. Gao
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06229-y
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages802–813(2021)
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) escapes growth inhibition by upregulating hexokinase 2 (HK2); however, the mechanism by which tumor cells upregulate HK2 remains unclear.
Utilizing Google Trends to Assess Worldwide Interest in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Commonly Associated Treatments
Ryan Flanagan, Braden Kuo & Kyle Staller
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06290-7
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages814–822(2021)
Examining the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) across regions has been challenging given significant methodological heterogeneity.
Development and Validation of a Scoring System to Predict Severe Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Vietnamese
Duc Trong Quach, Nguyet Thi-My Nguyen, Uyen Pham-Phuong Vo, Ly Thi-Kim Le, Cong Hong-Minh Vo, Phat Tan Ho, Tran Ngoc Nguyen, Phuong Kim Bo, Nam Hoai Nguyen, Khanh Truong Vu, Manh Van Dang, Minh Cao Dinh, Thai Quang Nguyen, Xung Van Nguyen, Suong Thi-Ngoc Le & Chi Pham Tran
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06253-y
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages823–831(2021)
The prevalence of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (ALGIB) has progressively increased worldwide but there are few studies in Asian populations. This study aimed to develop and validate a scoring system to predict severe ALGIB in Vietnamese.
High-Resolution Colonic Manometry Pressure Profiles Are Similar in Asymptomatic Diverticulosis and Controls
Rebekah Jaung, Chris Varghese, Anthony Y. Lin, Niranchan Paskaranandavadivel, Peng Du, David Rowbotham, Phil Dinning, Gregory O’Grady & Ian Bissett
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06320-4
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages832–842(2021)
Elevated colonic pressures and increased colonic activity have been thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of diverticulosis. However, evidence for this has been limited to low-resolution manometry, which is of limited accuracy.
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Occurring in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Systematic Review
Elliot S. Coburn, Corey A. Siegel, Michael Winter & Eric D. Shah
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06252-z
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages843–854(2021)
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and aggressive syndrome of excessive cytokine requiring prompt recognition and aggressive therapy.
Interval Colorectal Cancer 2006–2015: Novel Observations
Willamson B. Strum & C. Richard Boland
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06242-1
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages855–860(2021)
Screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) with colonoscopy has been credited for the majority of the decline in mortality over the past 40 years. However, colonoscopy is hampered by frequent interval cancers (ICs) occurring within 36 months after the last examination. Risk factors for IC imply that most misses are amenable to improved colonoscopic techniques. This study had two primary objectives: (1) to determine whether the proportion of persons with ICs has declined in association with improved approaches to the quality of colonoscopy and (2) to determine unrecognized causes for missed diagnoses.
The Impact of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy on 30-Day Readmission Rate for Acute Cholangitis Patients: A Single-Center Study
Muhammad Alsayid, Mohanad Awadalla, Betty Albo, Arslan Talat & Wahid Wassef
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06240-3
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages861–865(2021)
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) following acute gallstone cholangitis reduces the recurrence of biliary symptoms; however, the timing of LC has not been determined yet. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of performing LC during admission on the 30-day readmission rate.
Goff Septotomy Is a Safe and Effective Salvage Biliary Access Technique Following Failed Cannulation at ERCP
Monique T. Barakat, Mohit Girotra, Robert J. Huang, Abhishek Choudhary, Nirav C. Thosani, Shivangi Kothari, Saurabh Sethi & Subhas Banerjee
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06124-6
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages866–872(2021)
Biliary cannulation is readily achieved in?>?85% of patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). When standard cannulation techniques fail, salvage techniques utilized include the needle knife precut, double wire technique, and Goff septotomy.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Hepatitis B e Antigen-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B Patients: A Pilot Study
Ashish Chauhan, Ramesh Kumar, Sanchit Sharma, Mousumi Mahanta, Sudheer K. Vayuuru, Baibaswata Nayak, Sonu Kumar & Shalimar
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06246-x
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages873–880(2021)
Intestinal flora plays a critical role in immunity against hepatitis B virus (HBV). Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) may be a potential immunomodulatory therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).
Evolution of Hepatitis C Virus Treatment During the Era of Sofosbuvir-Based Therapies: A Real-World Experience in France
Denis Ouzan, Dominique Larrey, Dominique Guyader, André-Jean Remy, Ghassan Riachi, Fréderic Heluwaert, Régine Truchi, Jean-Marc Combis, François Bailly, Isabelle Rosa, Christophe Hézode, Denise Glorian-Petraud, Olivier Libert, Heribert Ramroth, Tarik Asselah, Gérard Thiefin, Dominique Roulot, Bruno Roche, Vincent Leroy, Jérôme Dumortier, Dominique Thabut, Stanislas Pol on behalf of the HELIOS study group
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06234-1
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages881–898(2021)
Treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been dramatically improved with the introduction of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs). Universal access to pangenotypic DAAs was provided in France from 2017, expanding the type of patients treated. Real-world studies are important to confirm effectiveness and safety in clinical practice, particularly in vulnerable populations.
Selective Internal Radiation Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Across the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stages
Carlos Moctezuma-Velazquez, Aldo J. Montano-Loza, Judith Meza-Junco, Kelly Burak, Mang Ma, Vincent G. Bain, Norman Kneteman, Phillipe Sarlieve & Richard J. Owen
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06245-y
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages899–911(2021)
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common lethal cancer, and there is a need for effective therapies. Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) has been increasingly used, but is not supported by guidelines due to a lack of solid evidence.
Texas Has the Highest Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence Rates in the USA
Hashem B. El-Serag, Rebecca Sardell, Aaron P. Thrift, Fasiha Kanwal & Paige Miller
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06231-4
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages912–916(2021)
Texas is the second largest state by area and population in the USA and is reported to have high incidence and mortality rates for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The reasons for the increasingly high burden of HCC in Texas are not clear.
Connecting During the Virtual Interview Process: Lessons from Experience
Lauren D. Feld & Neeral L. Shah
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06744-y
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages917–918(2021)
Influence of Severe Vitamin D Deficiency on the Clinical Course of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Cong Dai & Min Jiang
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06313-3
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages919–920(2021)
C. difficile and the Patient with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Testing Dilemma
Varun Moktan, Emily Jonica, Zhou Li, Donna Jane Hata & Francis A. Farraye
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06496-9
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages921–922(2021)
PLCD1: A Potential Therapeutic Target in the Treatment of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
Ya-Dong Wang, Xin-Dong Qu & Wei Wang
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06649-w
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages923–924(2021)
Bad “Good” Bile Acids and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Mice and Humans Are Not the Same
Stanislav Sitkin & Juris Pokrotnieks
doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06650-3
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages925–927(2021)
The effects of deoxycholic acid (DCA) on the intestinal microbiota, bile acid (BA) metabolism, and intestinal epithelium can be influenced by various factors. Depending on the specific conditions, DCA can be “bad” (proinflammatory) or “good” (anti-inflammatory). Mouse models of colitis show an increase in conjugated BAs and gut dysbiosis, including DCA-related dysbiosis, with a significant decrease in bile salt hydrolase (bsh) gene-containing taxa. Human patients with inflammatory bowel disease demonstrate, primarily, a decrease in bile acid-inducible (bai) gene-containing taxa and a deficiency in secondary BAs, suggesting their anti-inflammatory role.
Correction to: Laparoscopic Duodenojejunostomy for Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome
Gregory A. Magee, Bethany J. Slater, Jason T. Lee & George A. Poultsides
doi : 10.1007/s10620-021-06880-z
Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, page928(2021)
