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Association of Low-Dose Colchicine With Incidence of Knee and Hip Replacements
Michelle W.J. Heijman, MSc, Aernoud T.L. Fiolet, MD, Arend Mosterd, MD, Jan G.P. Tijssen, PhD, Bart J.F. van den Bemt, PharmD, PhD, Astrid Schut, MSc, John W. Eikelboom, MD, Peter L. Thompson, MD, Cornelia H.M. van den Ende, PhD, Stefan M. Nidorf, MD, Calin D. Popa, MD*, and Jan H. Cornel, MD
doi : 10.7326/M23-0289
June 2023Volume 176, Issue 6
Osteoarthritis is a major contributor to pain and disability worldwide. Given that inflammation plays an important role in the development of osteoarthritis, anti-inflammatory drugs may slow disease progression.
Effects of Implementation of a Supervised Walking Program in Veterans Affairs Hospitals
Susan N. Hastings, MD, MHSc, Karen M. Stechuchak, MS, Ashley Choate, MPH, Courtney Harold Van Houtven, PhD, Kelli D. Allen, PhD, Virginia Wang, PhD, Cathleen Colón-Emeric, MD, MHS, George L. Jackson, PhD, Teresa M. Damush, PhD, Cassie Meyer, BS, Caitlin B. Kappler, MSW, Helen Hoenig, MD, Nina Sperber, PhD, and Cynthia J. Coffman, PhD
doi : 10.7326/M22-3679
In trials, hospital walking programs have been shown to improve functional ability after discharge, but little evidence exists about their effectiveness under routine practice conditions.
Primary Occurrence of Cardiovascular Events After Adding Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors or Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Compared With Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors: A Cohort Study in Veterans With Diabetes
Tadarro L. Richardson Jr., MD, Alese E. Halvorson, MS, Amber J. Hackstadt, PhD, Adriana M. Hung, MD, MPH, Robert Greevy, PhD, Carlos G. Grijalva, MD, MPH, Tom A. Elasy, MD, MPH, and Christianne L. Roumie, MD, MPH
doi : 10.7326/M22-2751
The effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA) and sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in preventing major adverse cardiac events (MACE) is uncertain for those without preexisting cardiovascular disease.
Temporal Trends in the Use of Computed Tomographic Pulmonary Angiography for Suspected Pulmonary Embolism in the Emergency Department
Melanie Roussel, MD, Ben Bloom, MD, PhD, Mehdi Taalba, MD, Christophe Choquet, MD, Delphine Douillet, MD, PhD, Florent Fémy, MD, Alexis Marouk, MD, Judith Gorlicki, MD, Camille Gerlier, MD, Richard Macrez, MD, PhD, Emilien Arnaud, MD, Rudy Bompard, MD, Emmanuel Montassier, MD, PhD, Olivier Hugli, MD, PhD, Charlotte Czopik, MD, Xavier Eyer, MD, Axel Benhamed, MD, Olivier Peyrony, MD, PhD, Tahar Chouihed, MD, PhD, Andrea Penaloza, MD, PhD, Alessio Marra, MD, Said Laribi, MD, PhD, Paul-Georges Reuter, MD, PhD, Wilhelm Behringer, MD, PhD, Marion Douplat, MD, Jeremy Guenezan, MD, Nicolas Javaud, MD, PhD, Olivier Lucidarme, MD, PhD, Marine Cachanado, MSc, Ainhoa Aparicio-Monforte, PhD, and Yonathan Freund, MD, PhD
doi : 10.7326/M22-3116
Recently, validated clinical decision rules have been developed that avoid unnecessary use of computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) in the emergency department (ED).
Risk for Bleeding-Related Hospitalizations During Use of Amiodarone With Apixaban or Rivaroxaban in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Wayne A. Ray, PhD, Cecilia P. Chung, MD, MPH, C. Michael Stein, MB, ChB, Walter Smalley, MD, MPH, Eli Zimmerman, MD, William D. Dupont, PhD, Adriana M. Hung, MD, MPH, James R. Daugherty, MS, Alyson L. Dickson, MA, and Katherine T. Murray, MD
doi : 10.7326/M22-3238
Amiodarone, the most effective antiarrhythmic drug in atrial fibrillation, inhibits apixaban and rivaroxaban elimination, thus possibly increasing anticoagulant-related risk for bleeding.
Distributional Cost-Effectiveness of Equity-Enhancing Gene Therapy in Sickle Cell Disease in the United States
George Goshua, MD, MSc, Cecelia Calhoun, MD, MBA, MPH, Satoko Ito, MD, PhD, Lyndon P. James, MBBS, MPH, Andrea Luviano, MD, MPH, Lakshmanan Krishnamurti, MD, and Ankur Pandya, PhD
doi : 10.7326/M22-3272
Gene therapy is a potential cure for sickle cell disease (SCD). Conventional cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) does not capture the effects of treatments on disparities in SCD, but distributional CEA (DCEA) uses equity weights to incorporate these considerations.
Population-Wide Screening for Chronic Kidney Disease
Marika M. Cusick, MS, Rebecca L. Tisdale, MD, MPA, Glenn M. Chertow, MD, MPH, Douglas K. Owens, MD, MS, and Jeremy D. Goldhaber-Fiebert, PhD
doi : 10.7326/M22-3228
Sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have the potential to alter the natural history of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and they should be included in cost-effectiveness analyses of screening for CKD.
Comparison of Hospital Outcomes for Patients Treated by Allopathic Versus Osteopathic Hospitalists
Atsushi Miyawaki, MD, PhD, Anupam B. Jena, MD, PhD, Nate Gross, MD, MBA, and Yusuke Tsugawa, MD, PhD
doi : 10.7326/M22-3723
The United States has 2 types of degree programs that educate physicians: allopathic and osteopathic medical schools.
Effectiveness of COVID-19 Treatment With Nirmatrelvir–Ritonavir or Molnupiravir Among U.S. Veterans: Target Trial Emulation Studies With One-Month and Six-Month Outcomes
Kristina L. Bajema, MD, MSc, Kristin Berry, PhD, Elani Streja, PhD, Nallakkandi Rajeevan, PhD, Yuli Li, MS, Pradeep Mutalik, MD, Lei Yan, PhD, Francesca Cunningham, PharmD, Denise M. Hynes, MPH, PhD, RN, Mazhgan Rowneki, MPH, Amy Bohnert, PhD, MHS, Edward J. Boyko, MD, MPH, Theodore J. Iwashyna, MD, PhD, Matthew L. Maciejewski, PhD, Thomas F. Osborne, MD, Elizabeth M. Viglianti, MD, MPH, MSc, Mihaela Aslan, PhD, Grant D. Huang, MPH, PhD, and George N. Ioannou, BMBCh, MS
doi : 10.7326/M22-3565
Information about the effectiveness of oral antivirals in preventing short- and long-term COVID-19–related outcomes in the setting of Omicron variant transmission and COVID-19 vaccination is limited.
Diagnostic Strategies for the Assessment of Suspected Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Andrea Zito, MD, Mattia Galli, MD, PhD, Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai, MD, MStat, Antonio Abbate, MD, PhD, Pamela S. Douglas, MD, Giuseppe Princi, MD, Domenico D’Amario, MD, PhD, Cristina Aurigemma, MD, PhD, Enrico Romagnoli, MD, PhD, Carlo Trani, MD, and Francesco Burzotta, MD, PhD
doi : 10.7326/M23-0231
There is uncertainty about which diagnostic strategy for detecting coronary artery disease (CAD) provides better outcomes.
Major Update: Masks for Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 in Health Care and Community Settings�Final Update of a Living, Rapid Review
Roger Chou, MD, and Tracy Dana, MLS
doi : 10.7326/M23-0570
To update an evidence synthesis on N95, surgical, and cloth mask effectiveness in community and health care settings for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection.
How Would You Manage This Patient With Recurrent Diverticulitis?
Howard Libman, MD, Judy W. Nee, MD, Anthony J. Lembo, MD, and Risa B. Burns, MD, MPH
doi : 10.7326/M23-0669
Acute diverticulitis, which refers to inflammation or infection, or both, of a colonic diverticulum, is a common medical condition that may occur repeatedly in some persons. It most often manifests with left-sided abdominal pain, which may be associated with low-grade fever and other gastrointestinal symptoms.
The New European Medical Device Regulation: Balancing Innovation and Patient Safety
Michael Bretthauer, MD, PhD, Sara Gerke, Dipl-Jur Univ, MA, Cesare Hassan, MD, PhD, Omer F. Ahmad, BSc, MD, and Yuichi Mori, MD, PhD
doi : 10.7326/M23-0454
The European Union has introduced stricter provisions for medical devices under the new Medical Device Regulation (MDR). The MDR increases requirements for clinical trial testing for many devices before they can legally be placed on the market and extends requirements for rigorous clinical surveillance of benefits and harms to the entire life cycle of devices.
Improving COVID-19 Disease Severity Surveillance Measures: Statewide Implementation Experience
Shira Doron, MD, MS, Paul A. Monach, MD, PhD, Catherine M. Brown, DVM, MSc, MPH, and Westyn Branch-Elliman, MD, MMSc
doi : 10.7326/M23-0618
Measurement of the burden of COVID-19 on U.S. hospitals has been an important element of the public health response to the pandemic. However, because of variation in testing density and policies, the metric is not standardized across facilities.
Gatekeepers of Extermination: SS Camp Physicians and Their Scope of Action
Nico Biermanns, MEd
doi : 10.7326/M23-0362
The role of camp physicians of the Waffen-SS (“Armed SS,� military branch of the Nazi Party’s Schutzstaffel) in the implementation of the Holocaust has been the subject of limited research, even though they occupied a key position in the extermination process.
Science v. Ideology in Court: Mifepristone and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Wendy K. Mariner, JD, LLM, MPH
doi : 10.7326/M23-0981
Universal Masking in Health Care Settings: A Pandemic Strategy Whose Time Has Come and Gone, For Now
Erica S. Shenoy, MD, PhD, Hilary M. Babcock, MD, MPH, Karen B. Brust, MD, Michael S. Calderwood, MD, MPH, Shira Doron, MD, Anurag N. Malani, MD, Sharon B. Wright, MD, MPH, and Westyn Branch-Elliman, MD, MMSc
doi : 10.7326/M23-0793
For Patient Safety, It Is Not Time to Take Off Masks in Health Care Settings
Tara N. Palmore, MD, and David K. Henderson, MD
doi : 10.7326/M23-1190
Comparative Effectiveness of Diabetes Drugs: The Use and Misuse of Observational Research
Steven E. Nissen, MD
doi : 10.7326/M23-0958
Distributional Cost-Effectiveness: Putting Money Where Your Mouth Is on Health Equity
Richard Cookson, PhD
doi : 10.7326/M23-1145
Equal and No Longer Separate: Examining Quality of Care Provided by Osteopathic and Allopathic Physicians
Charlie M. Wray, DO, MS, and J. Bryan Carmody, MD, MPH
doi : 10.7326/M23-1165
Getting to the Truth About the Effectiveness of Masks in Preventing COVID-19
Christine Laine, MD, MPH, and Stephanie Chang, MD, MPH
doi : 10.7326/M23-1120
A Call for a National Policy of Scheduled Dialysis and Transplantation for All People With Kidney Failure Living in the United States
M. Catalina Morales Alvarez, MD, and Sylvia E. Rosas, MD, MSCE
doi : 10.7326/M23-0838
Access to Kidney Care for Undocumented Immigrants Across the United States
Katherine Rizzolo, MD, Manisha Dubey, BS, Katherine E. Feldman, BA, Neil R. Powe, MD, MPH, MBA, Lilia Cervantes, MD, MSCS
doi : 10.7326/M23-0202
National Trends in Alcohol Use, Metabolic Syndrome, and Liver Disease From 1999 to 2018
Brian P. Lee, MD, MAS, Jennifer L. Dodge, MPH, Wendy J. Mack, PhD, Adam M. Leventhal, PhD, Norah A. Terrault, MD, MPH
doi : 10.7326/M23-0518
15-Year Benefits of Sigmoidoscopy Screening on Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality
Hermann Brenner, MD, MPH, Thomas Heisser, PhD, Rafael Cardoso, PhD, Michael Hoffmeister, PhD, MSc
doi : 10.7326/L23-0024
15-Year Benefits of Sigmoidoscopy Screening on Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality
Frederik E. Juul, MD, Amanda J. Cross, PhD, Paul Pinsky, PhD, Carlo Senore, MD, MSc, Magnus Løberg, MD, PhD
doi : 10.7326/L23-0025
Correction: Tea Consumption and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in the UK Biobank
doi : 10.7326/L23-0138
Correction: Effectiveness and Safety of Treatments to Prevent Fractures in People With Low Bone Mass or Primary Osteoporosis
doi : 10.7326/L23-0105
Correction: Pharmacologic Treatment of Primary Osteoporosis or Low Bone Mass to Prevent Fractures in Adults
doi : 10.7326/L23-0120
Correction: Medical Masks Versus N95 Respirators for Preventing COVID-19 Among Health Care Workers
doi : 10.7326/L23-0158
Dyslipidemia
Marios Arvanitis, MD, and Charles J. Lowenstein, MD
doi : 10.7326/AITC202306200
Dyslipidemia is an important risk factor for coronary artery disease and stroke. All persons with dyslipidemia should be advised to focus on lifestyle interventions, including regular aerobic exercise, a healthy diet, maintenance of a healthy weight, and abstinence from smoking.
In older adults, an AS01E-adjuvanted RSVPreF3 OA vaccine reduced RSV-related lower respiratory tract disease
Melina Awar , MD, and Eleftherios Mylonakis , MD
doi : 10.7326/J23-0038
In older adults, an Ad26.RSV.preF-RSV preF protein vaccine reduced RSV-related lower respiratory tract disease
Melina Awar , MD, and Eleftherios Mylonakis , MD
doi : 10.7326/J23-0039
In TB, an 8-wk, 5-drug regimen was noninferior to a standard 24-wk, 4-drug regimen for clinical outcomes at 96 wk
Henry S. Sacks , PhD, MD
doi : 10.7326/J23-0036
Randomized, controlled, noninferiority trial (TRUNCATE-TB [Two-Month Regimens Using Novel Combinations to Augment Treatment Effectiveness for Drug-Sensitive Tuberculosis] trial). The trial originally included 5 groups but stopped enrollment early in 2 groups to ensure that sample size requirements would be met for the other 3 groups. Analyses of the 3 remaining groups are reported in this abstract.
In large acute ischemic stroke, adding endovascular thrombectomy to medical therapy improved function at 90 d
Emma Ferguson , MBBS, and Eddy Lang , MD
doi : 10.7326/J23-0033
Randomized controlled trial (SELECT2 [Randomized Controlled Trial to Optimize Patient's Selection for Endovascular Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke]). Trial was stopped early for efficacy.
P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy 1 to 3 mo after PCI did not differ from standard DAPT for fatal or ischemic events
Eric R. Bates , MD
doi : 10.7326/J23-0032
Individual-patient data meta-analysis of 5 randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
In severe tricuspid regurgitation, tricuspid TEER improved QoL more than medical therapy at 1 y
Alan Zajarias , MD, and Richard G. Bach , MD
doi : 10.7326/J23-0037
Randomized controlled trial (TRILUMINATE Pivotal [Trial to Evaluate Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients Treated with the Tricuspid Valve Repair System Pivotal]).
In hypertension not treated with medications, renal denervation vs. sham reduced daytime ambulatory SBP at 2 mo
Joshua A. Samuels , MD, MPH, and Donald A. Molony , MD
doi : 10.7326/J23-0040
Randomized controlled trial (RADIANCE II [The RADIANCE II Pivotal Study: A Study of the ReCor Medical Paradise System in Stage II Hypertension]).
In symptomatic PAH, adding sotatercept to stable background therapy improved 6-min walk distance at 24 wk
Rodolfo A. Estrada , MD
doi : 10.7326/J23-0034
Treatment allocation concealed; blinded (patients, investigators, and adjudicators for clinical worsening events).*
Genotype-guided drug prescribing vs. usual care reduced clinically relevant adverse drug reactions at 12 wk
Anne M. Holbrook , MD, PharmD, MSc
doi : 10.7326/J23-0031
Cluster-randomized, crossover, implementation trial (PREPARE [Pre-emptive Pharmacogenomic Testing for Preventing Adverse Drug Reactions]). 3 clusters (countries) initially received the genotype-guided intervention and crossed over to usual care at 19 months; 4 countries received usual care first and crossed over to the genotype-guided intervention at 19 months.
After ICH, starting long-term therapeutic oral anticoagulation in patients with AF reduces MACE at 1 to 3 y
Mark J. Alberts , MD
doi : 10.7326/J23-0035
Searched multiple databases to Oct 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared starting vs. avoiding antithrombotic drugs or different antithrombotic classes or agents in patients who survived radiologically diagnosed spontaneous ICH and had data for MACE or secondary outcomes available.
Annals Graphic Medicine - Why Bedside Rounds Need Bedside Language
Rebekah L. Gardner, MD, Vinald W. Francis, BFA, and Daniel Baxter, BFA, and Kate Cahill, MD
doi : 10.7326/G22-0044
Annals for Hospitalists Inpatient Notes - Key Clinical Concepts for Diagnosis and Treatment of Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis for Hospitalists
Elisa Pose, MD, PhD, and Ramón Bataller, MD, PhD
doi : 10.7326/M23-1088
