European Spine Journal




دسترسی یکساله به بیش از ۵۰۰ ژورنال روز جهان موجود در سامانه
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  • ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ : 365 ﺭﻭﺯ
  • قیمت : 3,800,000 تومان
  • قیمت ویژه : 1,900,000تومان
سفارش

Novel 3D printable PEEK-HA-Mg2SiO4 composite material for spine implants: biocompatibility and imaging compatibility assessments

Naresh Kumar, Sridharan Alathur Ramakrishnan, Keith Gerard Lopez, Niyou Wang, Balamurugan A. Vellayappan, James Thomas Patrick Decourcy Hallinan, Jerry Ying Hsi Fuh & A. Senthil Kumar

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07734-0

Volume 32, issue 7, July 2023

To develop a novel 3D printable polyether ether ketone (PEEK)-hydroxyapatite (HA)-magnesium orthosilicate (Mg2SiO4) composite material with enhanced properties for potential use in tumour, osteoporosis and other spinal conditions. We aim to evaluate biocompatibility and imaging compatibility of the material.

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The relationship between frailty and spinal alignment in the elderly general population: a two-year longitudinal study

Shin Oe, Yu Yamato, Tomohiko Hasegawa, Go Yoshida, Tomohiro Banno, Hideyuki Arima, Koichiro Ide, Tomohiro Yamada, Kenta Kurosu, Keiichi Nakai, Haruo Niwa & Yukihiro Matsuyama

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07759-5

Frailty is caused by age-related decline in physical function, which may contribute to worsening spinal alignment. Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS)-criteria for assessing physical function seem more appropriate than frailty index which evaluate comorbiduty.

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Software-assisted preoperative planning of S1 Alar Iliac screws: a 3D morphometric and anatomical study

Payman Vahedi, Ghazal Shabakhsh & Faeze Monji

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07741-1

S1 alar iliac (S1AI) trajectory has gained popularity as a salvage technique for revision surgeries and failed constructs in the lumbopelvic region. This study aims to investigate the morphometry of this new trajectory based on 3D models. The possible role of gender, ethnicity and view angle (surgeon’s vs. radiologist’s) was investigated.

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A prospective randomised controlled trial evaluating prophylactic Floseal, a gelatin and thrombin-based haemostatic matrix, in postoperative drain output and blood transfusion in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion surgery

Eugene Pak-Lin Ng, Kam-Lung Tung, Siu-Leung Yip, Michael Siu-Hei Tse, Tik-Koon Kwok & Kam-Kwong Wong

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07748-8

To evaluate the prophylactic use of Floseal in reducing postoperative blood loss in patients undergoing Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF). TLIF is a lumbar spine decompression and fusion procedure with potential for postoperative blood loss.

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Comparison of coagulation profile and thromboembolic events among patients undergoing spinal surgery before and after COVID-19 pandemic

Mohammadreza Chehrassan, Mohammadreza Shakeri, Alireza Akbarzadeh Arab, Mahboobe Mozaffary, Elmira Niazi & Hasan Ghandhari

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07688-3

Impairment of coagulation parameters and increased rate of thromboembolism are known complications of COVID-19 infection. In this study the coagulation profile and rate of thromboembolic events between two groups of patients who underwent spinal surgery before and after the COVID-19 pandemic was compared.

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Risk factors of hip joint structural changes following pedicle subtraction osteotomy for ankylosing spondylitis-related thoracolumbar kyphosis: a minimum two-year observation

Yao Li, Bang-ping Qian, Yong Qiu, Yang Yu & Bin Wang

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07726-0

To determine the clinical- and surgical-related factors of hip joint structural changes in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients with thoracolumbar kyphosis who underwent PSO.

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Predictors of poor outcome following lumbar spinal fusion surgery: a prospective observational study to derive two clinical prediction rules using British Spine Registry data

Alison B. Rushton, Feroz Jadhakhan, Martin L. Verra, Andrew Emms, Nicola R. Heneghan, Deborah Falla, Michael Reddington, Ashley A. Cole, Paul C. Willems, Lorin Benneker, David Selvey, Michael Hutton, Martijn W. Heymans & J. Bart Staal

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07754-w

Lumbar spinal fusion surgery (LSFS) is common for lumbar degenerative disorders. The objective was to develop clinical prediction rules to identify which patients are likely to have a favourable outcome to inform decisions regarding surgery and rehabilitation.

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Risk factors for postoperative sympathetic chain dysfunction following oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion: a multivariate analysis

Long Zhao, Wei Hou, Huagang Shi, Wenbin Jiang, Min Cao & Dun Wan

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07761-x

Postoperative sympathetic chain dysfunction (PSCD) was a relatively common complication after anterior lumbar interbody fusion due to the manipulation adjacent to the lumbar sympathetic chain (LSC). This study aimed to investigate the incidence of PSCD and identify its related independent risk factors after oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) surgery.

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Preoperative cross-sectional area of psoas muscle correlates with short-term functional outcomes after posterior lumbar surgery

Hikari Urakawa, Kosuke Sato, Avani S. Vaishnav, Ryan Lee, Chirag Chaudhary, Jung Kee Mok, Sohrab Virk, Evan Sheha, Yoshihiro Katsuura, Takashi Kaito, Catherine Himo Gang & Sheeraz A. Qureshi

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07533-7

To determine the optimal level for the measurement of psoas cross-sectional area and examine the correlation with short-term functional outcomes of posterior lumbar surgery.

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Risk of further surgery after decompression in patients with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis extending to the lumbar segments: focus on the number of residual lumbar/lumbosacral and sacroiliac mobile segments

Atsushi Tanaka, Takayoshi Shimizu, Toshiyuki Kawai, Shunsuke Fujibayashi, Koichi Murata, Shuichi Matsuda & Bungo Otsuki

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07773-7

Patients with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) that extends to the lumbar segments (L-DISH) have a high risk of further surgery after lumbar decompression. However, few studies have focused on the ankylosis status of the residual caudal segments, including the sacroiliac joint (SIJ).

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Influence of the preoperative L5S1 disc state on lateral L2 to L5 fusion’s outcomes at an average follow-up of 3,5 years (minimum 2 years)

P. Lavantes, A. Poignard, J. Delambre, S. Queinnec, T. Dufour, R. Arvieu & J. Allain

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07771-9

The impact of pre-existing degeneration of a disc underlying a lumbar arthrodesis via lateral approach on long-term clinical outcome has, to our knowledge, not been studied. When performing arthrodesis between L2 and L5, its extension to L5S1 is challenging because it imposes a different surgical approach.

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The association between vertebral endplate defects, subchondral bone marrow changes, and lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration: a retrospective, 3-year longitudinal study

Manuel Moser, Dominik Adl Amini, Leonardo Albertini Sanchez, Lisa Oezel, Henryk Haffer, Maximilian Muellner, Jiaqi Zhu, John A. Carrino, Jennifer Shue, Andrew A. Sama, Frank P. Cammisa, Federico P. Girardi & Alexander P. Hughes

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07544-4

To investigate the influence of vertebral endplate defects and subchondral bone marrow changes on the development of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration (DD).

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Ultrashort time-to-echo MR morphology of cartilaginous endplate correlates with disc degeneration in the lumbar spine

Tim Finkenstaedt, Palanan Siriwananrangsun, Koichi Masuda, Graeme M. Bydder, Karen C. Chen & Won C. Bae

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07739-9

Using ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI, we determined prevalence of abnormal cartilaginous endplate (CEP), and the relationship between CEP and disc degeneration in human lumbar spines.

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Raftlin and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α levels and gene network analysis in patients with Modic changes

Ä°lter Demirhan, Erkan Oner, Zafer Yuksel, Murvet Yuksel & Ergul Belge Kurutas

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07757-7

Oxidative stress in the vertebral endplates of patients with low back pain and Modic changes (MCs) (types I, II, and III) endplate changes on magnetic resonance imaging. 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) has been proposed as new indicator of oxidative stress. Raftlin, as an inflammatory biomarker, has been previously reported in inflammatory diseases. Oxidative stress plays an important role in various human diseases.

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The effectiveness and safety of annulus closure device implantation in lumbar discectomy for patients with lumbar disc herniation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Wei-Shang Li, Gao-Yu Li, Qi Yan, Wen-Ting Chen & Lin Cong

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07629-0

The objective of this study was to systematically estimate the effectiveness and safety of annulus closure device (ACD) implantation in discectomy for patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH).

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Clinical and radiographic features of adult calcified thoracic disc herniation: a retrospective analysis of 31 cases

Lei Yuan, Zhongqiang Chen, Zhongjun Liu, Weishi Li, Chuiguo Sun & Xiaoguang Liu

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07784-4

To analyze the clinical and radiographic characteristics of calcified thoracic disc herniation (CTDH) and explore the possible pathogeneses.

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Effect of K‑line on posterior cervical surgery versus anterior cervical surgery in patients with multi-level ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament

Jingwei Liu, Jianqiang Wang, Zihao Ding, Yong Hai, Yiqi Zhang, Nan Kang & Qiang Wang

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07736-y

To evaluate the influence of K-line on the outcome of open-door laminoplasty versus anterior cervical corpectomy decompression and fusion (ACCF) for patients with more than two levels of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL).

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Description of age-related changes in cervical sagittal alignment based on pelvic incidence classification in asymptomatic Chinese population

Zheng Wang, Xinli Hu, Peng Cui, Xu Liu, Weiguo Zhu, Chao Kong, Wei Wang & Shibao Lu

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07769-3

To investigate the pelvic incidence (PI)- and age-related cervical alignment changes of Chinese healthy population.

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Characteristics of cervical intervertebral disc signal intensity: an analysis of T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in 5843 asymptomatic Chinese subjects

Xinhua Liu, Lixia Jin, Chang Jiang, Xiaoxing Jiang, Zixian Chen & Yuanwu Cao

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07742-0

The study aimed to observe cervical intervertebral discs (IVDs) in asymptomatic subjects and to explore the factors associated with cervical intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD).

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What does degeneration at the cervicothoracic junction tell us? A kinematic MRI study of 93 individuals

Michael S. Kim, Zachary D. Gilbert, Zabi Bajouri, Sagar Telang, Zoe Fresquez, Trevor A. Pickering, Seung Min Son, R. Kiran Alluri, Jeffrey C. Wang & Zorica Buser

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07743-z

Current decision-making in multilevel cervical fusion weighs the potential to protect adjacent levels and reduce reoperation risk by crossing the cervicothoracic junction (C7/T1) against increased operative time and risk of complication. Careful planning is required, and the planned distal and adjacent levels should be assessed for degenerative disc disease (DDD).

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The neuro-protective role of telomerase via TERT/TERF-2 in the acute phase of spinal cord injury

Dong-Gune Chang, Jang-Woon Kim, Hong Jin Kim, Young-Hoon Kim, Sang-Il Kim & Kee-Yong Ha

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07561-3

To investigate the interaction of telomerase activity and telomere length on neuro-protection or neuro-degeneration effects after spinal cord injury (SCI).

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Efficacy of the magnetic stimulation of sacral nerve roots combined with Tui-na on neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury: preliminary short-term results

Lin Chen & Yunbo Li

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07760-y

Neurogenic bladder (NGB) is a serious complication after spinal cord injury (SCI), a destructive neurological disease. This study focused on exploring the efficacy of the magnetic stimulation of sacral nerve roots combined with Tui-na in treating NGB after SCI.

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Outcomes of different zero-profile spacers in the treatment of two-level cervical degenerative disk disease

Xu Xiong, Jia-Ming Liu, Wei-Wen Chen, Zi-Hao Liu, Rong-Ping Zhou, Jiang-Wei Chen & Zhi-Li Liu

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07756-8

The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical and radiological outcomes of two different zero-profile spacers (ROI-C and anchor-C) in contiguous two-level ACDF for CDDD patients.

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Clinical management and prognosis of spinal myxopapillary ependymoma: a single-institution cohort of 72 patients

Yao-Wu Zhang, Bo Wang, Song-Yuan An, Wei-Hao Liu, Chong Wang, Hao Yan, Yu-Lun Xu, Yong-Zhi Wang & Wen-Qing Jia

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07690-9

Myxopapillary ependymoma (MPE) was classified as grade 2 tumor in the 2021 World Health Organization central nervous system classification because of its high recurrence probability. This study aimed to investigate predictive factors and management of tumor recurrence.

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More help than harm: surgery for metastatic spinal cord compression is associated with more favorable overall survival within a propensity score analysis

Lukas Leitner, Gerhard Bratschitsch, Anna Kostwein, Patrick Sadoghi, Maria Smolle, Andreas Leithner & Florian Posch

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07755-9

Indication for surgical decompression in metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) is often based on prognostic scores such as the modified Bauer score (mBs), with favorable prognosis suggestive of surgery and poor prognosis of non-surgical management.

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Quantile regression-based prediction of intraoperative blood loss in patients with spinal metastases: model development and validation

Jikai Li, Jingyu Zhang, Xiaozhao Zhang, Dengxing Lun, Ruifeng Li, Rongxing Ma & Yongcheng Hu

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07653-0

To develop and evaluate a quantile regression-based blood loss prediction model for open surgery of spinal metastases.

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Intraoperative cell-salvaged autologous blood transfusion is safe in metastatic spine tumour surgery: early outcomes of prospective clinical study

Naresh Kumar, Joel Yong Hao Tan, Zhaojin Chen, Nivetha Ravikumar, Helena Milavec & Jiong Hao Tan

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07768-4

Allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT) is current standard of blood replenishment despite known complications. Salvaged blood transfusion (SBT) addresses majority of such complications. Surgeons remain reluctant to employ SBT in metastatic spine tumour surgery (MSTS), despite ample laboratory evidence.

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An improved total en bloc spondylectomy for L5 vertebral giant cell tumor through a single-stage posterior approach

Wei Wan, Wei Zheng, Jiongxi Wan, Jie Zhang, Yujie Liu, Qi Jia, Nanzhe Zhong, Jian Zhao, Minglei Yang, Xinghai Yang & Jianru Xiao

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07753-x

Although total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) is strongly recommended for spinal giant cell tumor (GCT), it is extremely difficult to excise a L5 neoplasm intactly through the single-stage posterior approach. Given the risk of neurological and vascular injury, intralesional curettage (IC) is usually recommended for the treatment of L5 GCT. In this study, we presented our experience with the use of an improved TES to treat L5 GCT through the single-stage posterior approach.

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Predicting 30-day mortality after surgery for metastatic disease of the spine: the H2-FAILS score

Farah N. Musharbash, Jawad M. Khalifeh, Micheal Raad, Varun Puvanesarajah, Sang H. Lee, Brian J. Neuman & Khaled M. Kebaish

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07713-5

Scoring systems for metastatic spine disease focus on predicting long- to medium-term mortality or a combination of perioperative morbidity and mortality. However, accurate prediction of perioperative mortality alone may be the most important factor when considering surgical intervention. We aimed to develop and evaluate a new tool, the H2-FAILS score, to predict 30-day mortality after surgery for metastatic spine disease.

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Efficacy of perioperative gabapentin use in patients with idiopathic scoliosis undergoing fusion surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Efficacy of perioperative gabapentin use in patients with idiopathic scoliosis undergoing fusion surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07764-8

This study aimed to assess whether the perioperative use of gabapentin was associated with decreased opioid use.

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Ten-year trends in surgical management of 1207 congenital scoliosis

Guanfeng Lin, You Du, Shengru Wang, Yang Yang, Xiaohan Ye, Yiwei Zhao, Weijie Yu, Zhiyi Li, Sen Zhao, Nan Wu, Qianyu Zhuang, Jianxiong Shen & Jianguo Zhang

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07685-6

To report and analyze development trends in the surgical treatment of congenital scoliosis (CS) in a large CS cohort over a 10-year period.

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Clinical differences in preoperative symptoms and surgical outcomes between early and late-teen patients with Lenke type 5C adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Tomohiro Banno, Yu Yamato, Hiroki Oba, Tetsuro Ohba, Tomohiko Hasegawa, Go Yoshida, Hideyuki Arima, Shin Oe, Koichiro Ide, Tomohiro Yamada, Jun Takahashi, Hirotaka Haro & Yukihiro Matsuyama

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07758-6

This study aimed to compare the clinical features and postoperative outcomes in patients with Lenke type 5C AIS in the early and late teens.

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Spontaneous induced bone fusion in minimally invasive fusionless bipolar fixation in neuromuscular scoliosis: a computed tomography analysis

M. Gaume, T. Langlais, K. Loiselet, S. Pannier, W. Skalli, C. Vergari & L. Miladi

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07745-x

Posterior spinal fusion (PSF) at skeletal maturity is still the gold standard in children with neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS) who underwent fusionless surgery. The aim of this computed tomography (CT) study was to quantify the spontaneous bone fusion at the end of a lengthening program by minimally invasive fusionless bipolar fixation (MIFBF), that could avoid PSF.

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Clinical and radiographic evolution of graduate patients treated with magnetically controlled growing rods: results of a French multicentre study of 90 patients

Nicolas Mainard, Elie Saghbini, Tristan Langlais, Jean-Damien Metaizeau, Elie Choufani, Vincent Cunin, Richard Gouron, Pierre Journeau, Brice Ilharreborde, Yan Lefevre, Raphael Vialle, Damien Fron & Federico Canavese

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07762-w

The purpose of this study was to investigate patients with early-onset scoliosis (EOS) who completed their electromagnetic lengthening rod program to assess the demographics of this population and to analyze the evolution of clinical and radiological parameters and the occurrence of complications.

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Influence of the thoracolumbar junction flexibility on the risk of adding-on after posterior vertebral arthrodesis for thoracic idiopathic adolescent scoliosis

Emilie Andre, Benoit De Courtivron, François Bergerault, Kariman Abelin-Genevois & Thierry Odent

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07763-9

The objective was to analyze the role of the thoracolumbar sagittal flexibility on the outcome after posterior spinal fusion of Lenke 1 and 2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with last touched vertebra as the lowest instrumented vertebra.

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The influence of osteoporotic vertebral fractures on global sagittal alignment in elderly patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Elie Najjar, Dritan Pasku, Ali Mardashti, Mustafa Meshneb, Spyridon Komaitis, Khalid M. Salem & Nasir A. Quraishi

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07780-8

Thoracic kyphosis, or loss of lumbar lordosis, is often equated with osteoporosis because vertebral fractures are assumed to be a major causative factor, in addition to degeneration related to age. Despite the few studies aiming to measure the natural change in global sagittal alignment (GSA) that occurs with advancing age, the overall effect of conservatively managed osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) on the GSA in the elderly remains poorly understood.

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Characteristics of MRI‑based vertebral bone quality scores in elderly patients with vertebral fragility fractures

Wenshuai Li, Houze Zhu, Junchuan Liu, Hongsen Tian, Jia Li & Linfeng Wang

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07744-y

To explore the characteristics of vertebral bone quality (VBQ) scores in patients with vertebral fragility fractures, including VBQ score and single-level VBQ score, and evaluate their effectiveness as predictors.

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Comparison of clinical effects of percutaneous vertebroplasty with two different puncture approaches on the treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with narrow pedicles: a retrospective controlled study

Xiaolei Liu, Jiwei Tian, Xiao Yu, Zhongyi Sun & Haibin Wang

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07714-4

To evaluate the effects of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) with conventional transpedicle approach (CTA) or basal transverse process-pedicle approach (BTPA) on the treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (TL-OVCFs) with narrow pedicles.

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Neurogenic intermittent claudication caused by vasculitis in the cauda equina: an autopsy case report

Takashi Ando, Hazuki Watanabe, Yuichi Riku, Mari Yoshida, Yoji Goto, Ryota Ando, Masahiko Fujino, Masafumi Ito, Haruki Koike, Masahisa Katsuno & Yasushi Iwasaki

doi : 10.1007/s00586-022-07458-7

Intermittent claudication (IC) refers to leg pain that is induced by walking and relieved by rest. Neurogenic IC is usually associated with lumbar canal stenosis (LCS). We present rare findings from an autopsied patient who had neurogenic IC caused by vasculitis in the cauda equina.

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Patient-specific 3D printing to replace components of a rib-to pelvis “Eiffel Tower� vertebral expanding prosthetic titanium rib system in an infant: a case report

Martin Li, Bashar Alhani, Matthew Newton-Ede, David Marks & Morgan Jones

doi : 10.1007/s00586-022-07460-z

To address the anatomical challenges facing complex and revision spinal surgery, patient-specific 3D-printed models (3D-PMs) have received growing attention worldwide, primarily in adults. We report the use of a 3D-PM in the treatment of a case of wound breakdown over a component of a VEPTR (Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib; DePuy-Synthes) system, requiring replacement of Dunn-McCarthy hook and sleeve with components contoured to a patient-specific 3D-PM of the spine.

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Atlas invagination through the foramen magnum: expanding the spectrum of craniovertebral junction malformations

Alberto Benato, Martina Offi, Federico Bianchi, Massimiliano Visocchi & Gianpiero Tamburrini

doi : 10.1007/s00586-022-07500-8

Malformations of the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) range from mild, asymptomatic conditions to severe forms of instability with basilar invagination. Rarely, there have been accounts of forms of so-called paramedian basilar invagination, with abnormal bone masses invading the lateral portion of the foramen magnum. All these entities have been comprehensively classified both from an anatomical and embryological standpoint.

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Letter to the Editor concerning “T1 pelvic angle is associated with rapid progression of hip arthrosis� by Nakamura K, et al. (Eur Spine J [2023] https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-023–07580-0)

Yuta Yamada, Tadatsugu Morimoto, Hirohito Hirata & Masaaki Mawatari

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07722-4

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Answer to the Letter to the Editor of Y. Yamada, et al. concerning “T1 pelvic angle is associated with rapid progression of hip arthrosis� by Nakamura K et al. (Eur Spine J [2023]: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-023-07580-0)

Kaito Nakamura, Yoshinori Okamoto, Hitoshi Wakama, Junya Matsuyama, Takashi Ishitani, Shuhei Otsuki & Masashi Neo

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07723-3

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Letter to the Editor concerning “A novel radiological classification for displaced os coccyx: the Benditz–König classification� by König MA, Grifka J, Benditz A [Eur Spine J; 31, (2022): 10–17]

Nur Hürsoy & Kemal Panç

doi : 10.1007/s00586-023-07793-3

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