Esse Quam Videri

Nelson M Oyesiku, MD, MSc (Lond), PhD

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyab013

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Page 709

Esse Quam Videri, Latin from the treatise on Friendship by the Roman statesman Cicero, means “To Be Rather Than to Seem.” It is a reminder of the beauty and power of being true to oneself. It is also the motto of the State of North Carolina.

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Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines for Deep Brain Stimulations for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Update of the 2014 Guidelines

Michael D Staudt, MD, MSc, Nader Pouratian, MD, PhD, Jonathan P Miller, MD, Clement Hamani, MD, PhD, Nataly Raviv, MD ...

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa596

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 710–712

In 2020, the Guidelines Task Force conducted another systematic review of the relevant literature on deep brain stimulation (DBS) for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) to update the original 2014 guidelines to ensure timeliness and accuracy for clinical practice.

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Contemporary Analysis of Minimal Clinically Important Difference in the Neurosurgical Literature

Thomas M Zervos, MD, Karam Asmaro, MD, Ellen L Air, MD, PhD

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa490

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 713–719

Minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is determined when a patient or physician defines the minimal change that outweighs the costs and untoward effects of a treatment. These measurements are “anchored” to validated quality-of-life instruments or physician-rated, disease-activity indices. To capture the subjective clinical experience in a measurable way, there is an increasing use of MCID.

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Functional Outcomes and Health-Related Quality of Life Following Glioma Surgery

Philip C De Witt Hamer, MD, PhD, Philip C De Witt Hamer, Martin Klein, PhD, Shawn L Hervey-Jumper, MD, Jeffrey S Wefel, PhD ...

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa365

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 720–732

Functional outcome following glioma surgery is defined as how the patient functions or feels. Functional outcome is a coprimary end point of surgery in patients with diffuse glioma, together with oncological outcome. In this review, we structure the functional outcome measurements following glioma surgery as reported in the last 5 yr. We review various perspectives on functional outcome of glioma surgery with available measures, and offer suggestions for their use.

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Cell Therapy for Stroke: A Mechanistic Analysis

Ben Jiahe Gu, MS, David K Kung, MD, Han-Chiao Isaac Chen, MD

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa531

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 733–745

Cell therapy has been widely recognized as a promising strategy to enhance recovery in stroke survivors. However, despite an abundance of encouraging preclinical data, successful clinical translation remains elusive. As the field continues to advance, it is important to reexamine prior clinical trials in the context of their intended mechanisms, as this can inform future preclinical and translational efforts. In the present work, we review the major clinical trials of cell therapy for stroke and highlight a mechanistic shift between the earliest studies, which aimed to replace dead and damaged neurons, and later ones that focused on exploiting the various neuromodulatory effects afforded by stem cells. We discuss why both mechanisms are worth pursuing and emphasize the means through which cell replacement can still be achieved.

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The Use of Antiplatelet Agents and Heparin in the 24-Hour Postintravenous Alteplase Window for Neurointervention

Mandy J Binning, MD, Christina R Maxwell, PhD, Michael McAree, MS, Erol Veznedaroglu, MD, Daniel R Felbaum, MD ...

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa530

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 746–750

Intravenous (IV) alteplase with mechanical thrombectomy has been found to be superior to alteplase alone in select patients with intracranial large vessel occlusion. Current guidelines discourage the use of antiplatelet agents or heparin for 24 h following alteplase. However, their use is often necessary in certain circumstances during thrombectomy procedures.

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Commentary: The Use of Antiplatelet Agents and Heparin in the 24-Hour Postintravenous Alteplase Window for Neurointervention

Charles J Prestigiacomo, MD

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa546

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages E308–E309

Throughout history, the practice of medicine has seen several critical events that have been truly revolutionary. Far more commonly, the changes are evolutionary, though some can be quite rapid nonetheless. Though some may wish to argue as to whether the management of stroke is evolutionary or revolutionary, the fact remains that it enjoys the attention of many and the push to expand the boundaries is as fresh today as it was when intravenous (IV) therapy for aborting a stroke-in-progress was first reported to be safe and effective.

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Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Refractory Essential Tremor: A Japanese Multicenter Single-Arm Study

Keiichi Abe, MD, PhD, Shiro Horisawa, MD, Toshio Yamaguchi, MD, PhD, Hiroki Hori, PhD, Kazumichi Yamada, MD, PhD ...

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa536

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 751–757

Several feasibility studies and a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of unilateral transcranial magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (FUS) lesioning of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus in treating essential tremor.

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Commentary: Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Refractory Essential Tremor: A Japanese Multicenter Single-Arm Study

Stephano J Chang, MD, Corneliu C Luca, MD, PhD, Jonathan R Jagid, MD

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa543

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages E310–E311

The development of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) as a minimally invasive method to precisely deliver acoustic thermocoagulation to intracranial structures without a craniotomy has understandably renewed interest in ablative procedures within the field of functional neurosurgery. Currently, this technique is primarily used to perform ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) thalamotomies in patients with medication-refractory essential tremor and tremor-dominant Parkinson disease, the two US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved indications.

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Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis Averts Stroke in Atherosclerotic Patients With Border-Zone Infarct: Post Hoc Analysis From a Performance Criterion Phase II Trial

Miguel D Quintero-Consuegra, MD, Juan F Toscano, BA, Robin Babadjouni, MD, Peyton Nisson, MD, Mohammad N Kayyali, MD ...

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa563

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages E312–E318

Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is one of the leading causes of stroke worldwide. Patients with ICAD who initially present with ischemia in border-zone areas and undergo intensive medical management (IMM) have the highest recurrence rates (37% at 1 yr) because of association with hemodynamic failure and poor collaterals.

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Commentary: Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis Averts Stroke in Atherosclerotic Patients With Border-Zone Infarct: Post Hoc Analysis From a Performance Criterion Phase II Trial

Daniel M S Raper, MBBS, Adib A Abla, MD

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa577

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages E319–E320

It has long been known that patients with intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) have a high risk of subsequent stroke. However, interventions ranging from direct extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass to angioplasty and stenting have failed to show benefit in multiple widely cited randomized trials.1-4 Nonetheless, there remains a population of patients for whom medical management may not provide adequate protection from the risk of future stroke. In SAMMPRIS (Stenting vs Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent Stroke in Intracranial Stenosis), one of these populations was identified as those presenting with border-zone, or watershed, infarcts.5 Among this population, the risk of subsequent ipsilateral stroke over the follow-up period (up to...

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Bigger is Still Better: A Step Forward in Reperfusion With React 71

Bradley A Gross, MD, Joseph S Hudson, MD, Daniel A Tonetti, MD, Shashvat M Desai, MD, Michael J Lang, MD ...

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa498

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 758–762

While multiple new larger-bore aspiration catheters have been introduced for stroke thrombectomy, sizeable cohort outcome studies are lacking along with meaningful comparative studies to evaluate whether they represent a clinically relevant improvement compared to predecessors.

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Using Smartphone-Based Accelerometer Data to Objectively Assess Outcomes in Spine Surgery

Gregory W Basil, MD, Annelise C Sprau, BS, Karen Eliahu, MAG, BS, Peter A Borowsky, BS, Michael Y Wang, MD ...

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa505

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 763–772

In order to deliver optimal patient care, spine surgeons must integrate technological changes to arrive at novel measures of functional outcomes. Historically, subjective patient-reported outcome (PRO) surveys have been used to determine the relative benefit of surgical treatments. Using smartphone-based accelerometers, surgeons now have the ability to arrive at objective outcome metrics.

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Pathway-Based Reduction of Repeat Head Computed Tomography for Patients With Complicated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Implementation and Outcomes

Martina Stippler, MD, Stacey Keith, MD, Emmalin B Nelton, BS, Charles S Parsons, MD, Jennifer Singleton, MD ...

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa504

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 773–778

Routine follow-up head imaging in complicated mild traumatic brain injury (cmTBI) patients has not been shown to alter treatment, improve outcomes, or identify patients in need of neurosurgical intervention. We developed a follow-up head computed tomography (CT) triage algorithm for cmTBI patients to decrease the number of routine follow-up head CT scans obtained in this population.

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Woven Endobridge Embolization Versus Microsurgical Clipping for Unruptured Anterior Circulation Aneurysms: A Propensity Score Analysis

Lukas Goertz, MD, Thomas Liebig, MD, Eberhard Siebert, MD, Lenhard Pennig, MD, Kai Roman Laukamp, MD ...

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa539

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 779–784

Intrasaccular flow-disruption represents a new paradigm in endovascular treatment of wide-necked bifurcation aneurysms.

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Prevalence of Sleep Disordered Breathing in Children With Myelomeningocele

Brandon G Rocque, MD, MS, Mary Halsey Maddox, MD, Betsy D Hopson, MSHA, Isaac C Shamblin, MSBME, Inmaculada Aban, PhD ...

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa507

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 785–790

Retrospective studies have shown high rates of sleep disordered breathing in children with myelomeningocele. However, most patients included in those studies underwent polysomnography because of symptoms, so the prevalence of sleep disordered breathing in this population is unknown.

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Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Choroid Plexus Tumors: A Report of the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation

Andrew Faramand, MD, MSc, Hideyuki Kano, MD, PhD, Ajay Niranjan, MD, Ahmet F Atik, MD, Cheng-chia Lee, MD, PhD ...

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa538

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 791–796

Choroid plexus tumors (CPT) are rare epithelial tumors of the choroid plexus. Gross total resection (GTR) may be curative, but it is not always possible.

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Predictive Evolution Factors of Incidentally Discovered Suspected Low-Grade Gliomas: Results From a Consecutive Series of 101 Patients

Julien Boetto, MD, Sam Ng, MD, Hugues Duffau, MD, PhD

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa532

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 797–803

Incidentally discovered suspected diffuse low-grade gliomas (LGGs) on brain imaging pose a challenge to neurosurgeons. Modern surgical series of LGGs favor early prophylactic surgery with a maximal extent of resection. However, some nonevolutive lesions may mimic LGGs on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

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Frequent CTNNB1 p.S45 Mutations and Aggressive Clinical Behavior in Neuromuscular Choristoma-Associated Fibromatosis

Jodi M Carter, MD, PhD, Andres A Maldonado, MD, PhD, B Matthew Howe, MD, Scott Okuno, MD, Robert J Spinner, MD

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa534

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 804–811

Neuromuscular choristoma (NMC) is a peripheral nerve malformation frequently associated with a fibromatosis (NMC-DTF) that mimics sporadic desmoid-type fibromatosis (DTF). Sporadic DTF is often managed conservatively but its clinical behavior varies. CTNNB1 mutational subtypes in sporadic DTF have prognostic value. We have previously identified CTNNB1 mutations in NMC, and 3 paired NMC-DTF but the clinical behavior of NMC-DTF is poorly understood.

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Laparoscopic-Assisted Versus Mini-Open Laparotomy for Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Placement in the Medicare Population

Syed I Khalid, MD, Ravi S Nunna, MD, Samantha Maasarani, MPH, Rachyl M Shanker, BS, Mandana Behbahani, MD ...

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa541

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 812–818

Placement of the distal shunt catheter into the peritoneum during ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) surgery can be done with either laparoscopic assistance or laparotomy.

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Neuromodulation for Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Single-Institution Experience With a Collaborative Team

Cheyanne Bridger, BS, Tarun Prabhala, BS, Rachael Dawson, BA, Olga Khazen, BS, Jacquelyn MacDonell, MS ...

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa537

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 819–827

Secondary to the complex care, involved specialty providers, and various etiologies, chronic pelvic pain patients do not receive holistic care.

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Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Perioptic Meningiomas: An International, Multicenter Study

Adomas Bunevicius, MD, PhD, Rithika Kormath Anand, Mohanad Suleiman, MD, Ahmed M Nabeel, MD, PhD, Wael A Reda, MD, PhD ...

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa544

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 828–837

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is increasingly used for management of perioptic meningiomas.

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Predicting Discharge Disposition Following Meningioma Resection Using a Multi-Institutional Natural Language Processing Model

Whitney E Muhlestein, MD, Meredith A Monsour, BS, Gabriel N Friedman, MD, Aniket Zinzuwadia, AB, Marcus A Zachariah, MD, PhD ...

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa585

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 838–845

Machine learning (ML)-based predictive models are increasingly common in neurosurgery, but typically require large databases of discrete variables for training. Natural language processing (NLP) can extract meaningful data from unstructured text.

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Commentary: Predicting Discharge Disposition Following Meningioma Resection Using a Multi-Institutional Natural Language Processing Model

Mark M Zaki, BS, BA

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa591

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages E321–E322

Machine learning is widely prevalent across multiple sectors in society. In health care, the regulatory process and safety concerns have appropriately slowed the adoption of machine learning into clinical practice. As studies demonstrating safety and efficacy propagate, there is great potential to deploy these algorithms to enhance patient care.

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Prospective, Multicenter Clinical Study of Microvascular Decompression for Hemifacial Spasm

Yoshifumi Mizobuchi, PhD, Shinji Nagahiro, PhD, Akinori Kondo, PhD, Kazunori Arita, PhD, Isao Date, PhD ...

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa549

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 846–854

Microvascular decompression (MVD) is the most effective procedure for hemifacial spasm (HFS). MVD results from nonspecialized or low-volume institutes are not always reliable. Most studies on MVD for HFS are retrospective and single centered; to the best of our knowledge, no prospective, multicenter studies exist.

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MGMT-Positive vs MGMT-Negative Patients With Glioblastoma: Identification of Prognostic Factors and Resection Threshold

Sotirios Katsigiannis, MD, Stefan Grau, MD, Boris Krischek, MD, Prof, Kadir Er, MD, Bogdan Pintea, MD ...

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa562

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages E323–E329

The importance of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status as a predictive factor for the response to chemotherapy with temozolomide is well established. Its significance though at stratifying glioblastoma (GBM) patients in regard to their prognostic factors and the impact of surgical approach on them has not been identified.

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Biological Effective Dose as a Predictor of Hypopituitarism After Single-Fraction Pituitary Adenoma Radiosurgery: Dosimetric Analysis and Cohort Study of Patients Treated Using Contemporary Techniques

Christopher S Graffeo, MD, MS, Avital Perry, MD, Michael J Link, MD, Paul D Brown, MD, William F Young, MD ...

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa555

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages E330–E335

Hypopituitarism is the most frequent complication after pituitary adenoma stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and is correlated with increasing radiation to the pituitary gland. Biological effective dose (BED) is a dosimetric parameter that incorporates a time component to adjust for mechanisms of deoxyribonucleic acid repair activated during treatment.

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Long-Term Outcomes of Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy for Progressive or Unresectable Pilocytic Astrocytomas: Case Studies

Kutluay Uluc, MD, Dominic A Siler, MD, PhD, Ricardo Lopez, BS, Csanad Varallyay, MD, PhD, Joao Prola Netto, MD ...

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa588

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages E336–E342

Progressive and/or unresectable pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs) carry a poor prognosis compared to typical PA. Early radiotherapy (RT) may have severe long-term neurocognitive side effects in this patient population. Intra-arterial (IA) chemotherapy is a viable alternative or addition to intravenous (IV) chemotherapy, which may be beneficial in avoidance of early RT.

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Commentary: Long-Term Outcomes of Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy for Progressive or Unresectable Pilocytic Astrocytomas: Case Studies

Rimas V Lukas, MD

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyab009

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages E343–E344

Pilocytic astrocytomas are low-grade noninfiltrating primary central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms, which are primarily treated with surgical resection. Systemic chemotherapy and/or radiation have not demonstrated any clear benefit thus far in adult or pediatric patients with pilocytic astrocytomas.1 Aberrancies in the MAPK pathway, particularly at BRAF, and their role in pilocytic astrocytomas have been under investigation for the past decade.

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PD-1+ Monocytes Mediate Cerebral Vasospasm Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Christopher M Jackson, MD, John Choi, BS, Denis Routkevitch, BS, Ayush Pant, BS, Laura Saleh, BS ...

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa495

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 855–863

Cerebral vasospasm is a major source of morbidity and mortality following aneurysm rupture and has limited treatment options.

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Alignment, Classification, Clinical Evaluation, and Surgical Treatment for Adult Cervical Deformity: A Complete Guide

Justin K Scheer, MD, Darryl Lau, MD, Justin S Smith, MD, PhD, Sang-Hun Lee, MD, PhD, Michael M Safaee, MD ...

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa582

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 864–883

Adult cervical deformity management is complex and is a growing field with many recent advancements. The cervical spine functions to maintain the position of the head and plays a pivotal role in influencing subjacent global spinal alignment and pelvic tilt as compensatory changes occur to maintain horizontal gaze.

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Factors Associated With Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcomes in Female Neurosurgeons: A Cross-Sectional Study

Samantha L Parker, MD, Christopher R Conner, MD, PhD, Douglas A Mata, MD, MPH, Laura A Zima, MD, Amber Chen, BA ...

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa533

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 884–889

Neurosurgery is male dominated with women representing only 12% of residents and 5% of practicing neurosurgeons. The conflicting demands of training versus pregnancy and motherhood are significant deterrents to women entering the field. We examined pregnancy incidence and timing, perinatal complications, and the perceived career impact of motherhood on female neurosurgeons using an anonymous survey of 643 training, practicing, and retired female neurosurgeons from the United States.

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The Surgical Autonomy Program: A Pilot Study of Social Learning Theory Applied to Competency-Based Neurosurgical Education

Michael M Haglund, MD, PhD, MACM, Andrew B Cutler, MD, Alexander Suarez, MD, Rajeev Dharmapurikar, MS, Shivanand P Lad, MD, PhD ...

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa556

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages E345–E350

Over the last decade, strict duty hour policies, pressure for increased work related value units from faculty, and the apprenticeship model of education have coalesced to make opportunities for intraoperative teaching more challenging. Evidence is emerging that graduating residents are not exhibiting competence by failing to recognize major complications, and perform routine operations independently.

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The Zap-X Radiosurgical System in the Treatment of Intracranial Tumors: A Technical Case Report

Longsheng Pan, MD, Baolin Qu, MD, Jingmin Bai, MD, Lichao Huang, MD, Jinyuan Wang, MS ...

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa550

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages E351–E355

The Zap-X system (Zap Surgical Systems Inc, San Carlos, California) is a radically new surgical robot designed for brain and head and neck radiosurgery. It represents the first new dedicated brain stereotactic radiosurgery platform in almost half a century optimizing the goals of safety, speed, and accuracy. The Zap-X system was used in a required Chinese National Medical Products Administration clinical study. In early January 2020, 2 patients were treated with the Zap-X robot prior to a national COVID-19 lockdown. Both were closely followed via clinical exam and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging. Prospectively collected data were used to generate this report.

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Book Review: Deep Brain Stimulation: A Case-Based Approach

Daniel R Kramer, MD

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa579

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages E356–E357

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In Reply: Dismantling the Apocalypse Narrative: The Myth of the COVID-19 Stroke

Aaron Miller, BS, Ralph Rahme, MD

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa547

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages E358–E360

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Letter: Heterogeneous Effect of Tranexamic Acid in Traumatic Brain Injury

Xuandong Jiang, MM, Yanfei Shen, MM

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa545

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages E361–E363

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Letter: Risk Factors for Seizure Worsening After Epilepsy Surgery in Children and Adults: A Population-Based Register Study

Mohit Agrawal, MCh, P Sarat Chandra, MCh, Raghu Samala, MCh, Ramesh Sharanappa Doddamani, MCh, Bhargavi Ramanujan, DM ...

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa559

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages E364–E365

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In Reply: Risk Factors for Seizure Worsening After Epilepsy Surgery in Children and Adults: A Population-Based Register Study

Johan Bjellvi, MD, PhD, Anna Edelvik Tranberg, MD, PhD, Bertil Rydenhag, MD, PhD, Kristina Malmgren, MD, PhD

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa560

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Page E366

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Letter: Protective Effects of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Outcomes After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Nationwide Analysis

Xuping Cheng, MM, Kailei Du, MM

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa566

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Page E367

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In Reply: Protective Effects of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Outcomes After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Nationwide Analysis

Christian Kaculini, BS, Justin Mascitelli, MD, Ramesh Grandhi, MD

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa567

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Page E368

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Letter: The European and North American Consortium and Registry for Intraoperative Stimulation Mapping: Framework for a Transatlantic Collaborative Research Initiative

Jasper K W Gerritsen, MD, Marike L D Broekman, MD, PhD, Steven De Vleeschouwer, MD, PhD, Philippe Schucht, MD, PhD, Brian V Nahed, MD, MSc ...

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa568

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Page E369

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Letter: Guidelines for the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: 2020 Update of the Decompressive Craniectomy Recommendations

Maria Claudia Ni?o, MD, Darwin Cohen, MD, Juan Armando Mej?a, MD, Javier Andrés Gutiérrez, MD, Mariana Gonz?lez, MD

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa574

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages E370–E371

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In Reply: Guidelines for the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: 2020 Update of the Decompressive Craniectomy Recommendations

Gregory W J Hawryluk, MD, PhD, FRCSC, Andres M Rubiano, MD, Jamshid Ghajar, MD, PhD

doi : 10.1093/neuros/nyaa576

Volume 88, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages E372–E373

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