دسترسی یکساله به بیش از ۵۰۰ ژورنال روز جهان موجود در سامانه
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Race and the Estimation of GFR: Getting it Right
Harold I. Feldman and Josephine P. Briggs
doi : 10.1681/ASN.2021020206
JASN June 2021, 32 (6) 1269-1270
Could NAD+ Precursor Supplements Induce a Legacy of Protection against Diabetic Nephropathy?
Kelly A. Hyndman and Matthew D. Griffin
doi : 10.1681/ASN.2021020275
JASN June 2021, 32 (6) 1270-1273
Advance Care Planning in Kidney Disease: A Tale of Two Conversations
Jane O. Schell
doi : 10.1681/ASN.2021040476
JASN June 2021, 32 (6) 1273-1274
An Introduction to Qualitative Inquiry
Catherine R. Butler, Ann M. O’Hare, Bryan R. Kestenbaum, George G. Sayre and Susan P.Y. Wong
doi : 10.1681/ASN.2021040473
JASN June 2021, 32 (6) 1275-1278
How to Get Started with Single Cell RNA Sequencing Data Analysis
Michael S. Balzer, Ziyuan Ma, Jianfu Zhou, Amin Abedini and Katalin Susztak
doi : 10.1681/ASN.2020121742
JASN June 2021, 32 (6) 1279-1292
Over the last 5 years, single cell methods have enabled the monitoring of gene and protein expression, genetic, and epigenetic changes in thousands of individual cells in a single experiment. With the improved measurement and the decreasing cost of the reactions and sequencing, the size of these datasets is increasing rapidly. The critical bottleneck remains the analysis of the wealth of information generated by single cell experiments. In this review, we give a simplified overview of the analysis pipelines, as they are typically used in the field today. We aim to enable researchers starting out in single cell analysis to gain an overview of challenges and the most commonly used analytical tools. In addition, we hope to empower others to gain an understanding of how typical readouts from single cell datasets are presented in the published literature.
Tubuloglomerular Feedback Synchronization in Nephrovascular Networks
Tayyaba Zehra, William A. Cupples and Branko Braam
doi : 10.1681/ASN.2020040423
JASN June 2021, 32 (6) 1293-1304
To perform their functions, the kidneys maintain stable blood perfusion in the face of fluctuations in systemic BP. This is done through autoregulation of blood flow by the generic myogenic response and the kidney-specific tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) mechanism. The central theme of this paper is that, to achieve autoregulation, nephrons do not work as single units to manage their individual blood flows, but rather communicate electrically over long distances to other nephrons via the vascular tree. Accordingly, we define the nephrovascular unit (NVU) to be a structure consisting of the nephron, glomerulus, afferent arteriole, and efferent arteriole. We discuss features that require and enable distributed autoregulation mediated by TGF across the kidney. These features include the highly variable topology of the renal vasculature which creates variability in circulation and the potential for mismatch between tubular oxygen demand and delivery; the self-sustained oscillations in each NVU arising from the autoregulatory mechanisms; and the presence of extensive gap junctions formed by connexins and their properties that enable long-distance transmission of TGF signals. The existence of TGF synchronization across the renal microvascular network enables an understanding of how NVUs optimize oxygenation-perfusion matching while preventing transmission of high systemic pressure to the glomeruli, which could lead to progressive glomerular and vascular injury.
Reassessing the Inclusion of Race in Diagnosing Kidney Diseases: An Interim Report from the NKF-ASN Task Force
Cynthia Delgado, Mukta Baweja, Nilka R?os Burrows, Deidra C. Crews, Nwamaka D. Eneanya, Crystal A. Gadegbeku, Lesley A. Inker, Mallika L. Mendu, W. Greg Miller, Marva M. Moxey-Mims, Glenda V. Roberts, Wendy L. St. Peter, Curtis Warfield and Neil R. Powe
doi : 10.1681/ASN.2021010039
JASN June 2021, 32 (6) 1305-1317
For almost two decades, equations that use serum creatinine, age, sex, and race to eGFR have included “race” as Black or non-Black. Given considerable evidence of disparities in health and healthcare delivery in African American communities, some regard keeping a race term in GFR equations as a practice that differentially influences access to care and kidney transplantation. Others assert that race captures important non GFR determinants of serum creatinine and its removal from the calculation may perpetuate other disparities. The National Kidney Foundation (NKF) and American Society of Nephrology (ASN) established a task force in 2020 to reassess the inclusion of race in the estimation of GFR in the United States and its implications for diagnosis and subsequent management of patients with, or at risk for, kidney diseases. This interim report details the process, initial assessment of evidence, and values defined regarding the use of race to estimate GFR. We organized activities in phases: (1) clarify the problem and examine evidence, (2) evaluate different approaches to address use of race in GFR estimation, and (3) make recommendations. In phase one, we constructed statements about the evidence and defined values regarding equity and disparities; race and racism; GFR measurement, estimation, and equation performance; laboratory standardization; and patient perspectives. We also identified several approaches to estimate GFR and a set of attributes to evaluate these approaches. Building on evidence and values, the attributes of alternative approaches to estimate GFR will be evaluated in the next phases and recommendations will be made.
Black Race Coefficient in GFR Estimation and Diabetes Medications in CKD: National Estimates
Carl P. Walther, Wolfgang C. Winkelmayer and Sankar D. Navaneethan
doi : 10.1681/ASN.2020121724
JASN June 2021, 32 (6) 1319-1321
Super-Enhancer-Associated Transcription Factors Maintain Transcriptional Regulation in Mature Podocytes
Jingping Yang, Difei Zhang, Masaru Motojima, Tsutomu Kume, Qing Hou, Yu Pan, Aiping Duan, Mingchao Zhang, Song Jiang, Jinhua Hou, Jingsong Shi, Zhaohui Qin and Zhihong Liu
doi : 10.1681/ASN.2020081177
JASN June 2021, 32 (6) 1323-1337
Background Transcriptional programs control cell fate, and identifying their components is critical for understanding diseases caused by cell lesion, such as podocytopathy. Although many transcription factors (TFs) are necessary for cell-state maintenance in glomeruli, their roles in transcriptional regulation are not well understood.
Dysregulation of Principal Cell miRNAs Facilitates Epigenetic Regulation of AQP2 and Results in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
Federica Petrillo, Anna Iervolino, Tiziana Angrisano, Sabina Jelen, Vincenzo Costanzo, Mariavittoria D’Acierno, Lei Cheng, Qi Wu, Ilaria Guerriero, Maria Cristina Mazzarella, Alfonso De Falco, Fulvio D’Angelo, Michele Ceccarelli, Michele Caraglia, Giovambattista Capasso, Robert A. Fenton and Francesco Trepiccione
doi : 10.1681/ASN.2020010031
JASN June 2021, 32 (6) 1339-1354
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs), formed by cleavage of pre-microRNA by the endoribonuclease Dicer, are critical modulators of cell function by post-transcriptionally regulating gene expression.
Pre-emptive Short-term Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Treatment in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Nephropathy
Itaru Yasuda, Kazuhiro Hasegawa, Yusuke Sakamaki, Hirokazu Muraoka, Takahisa Kawaguchi, Ei Kusahana, Takashi Ono, Takeshi Kanda, Hirobumi Tokuyama, Shu Wakino and Hiroshi Itoh
doi : 10.1681/ASN.2020081188
JASN June 2021, 32 (6) 1355-1370
Background The activation of NAD+-dependent deacetylase, Sirt1, by the administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) ameliorates various aging-related diseases.
Hypercholesterolemia in Progressive Renal Failure Is Associated with Changes in Hepatic Heparan Sulfate - PCSK9 Interaction
Pragyi Shrestha, Saritha Adepu, Romain R. Vivès, Rana El Masri, Astrid Klooster, Fleur Kaptein, Wendy Dam, Stephan J. L. Bakker, Harry van Goor, Bart van de Sluis and Jacob van den Born
doi : 10.1681/ASN.2020091376
JASN June 2021, 32 (6) 1371-1388
Background Dyslipidemia is an important risk factor in CKD. The liver clears triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) via LDL receptor (LDLR), LDLR-related protein-1 (LRP-1), and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), mostly syndecan-1. HSPGs also facilitate LDLR degradation by proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). Progressive renal failure affects the structure and activity of hepatic lipoprotein receptors, PCSK9, and plasma cholesterol.
ADAM10-Mediated Ectodomain Shedding Is an Essential Driver of Podocyte Damage
Marlies Sachs, Sebastian Wetzel, Julia Reichelt, Wiebke Sachs, Lisa Schebsdat, Stephanie Zielinski, Lisa Seipold, Lukas Heintz, Stephan A. Müller, Oliver Kretz, Maja Lindenmeyer, Thorsten Wiech, Tobias B. Huber, Renate Lüllmann-Rauch, Stefan F. Lichtenthaler, Paul Saftig and Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger
doi : 10.1681/ASN.2020081213
JASN June 2021, 32 (6) 1389-1408
Background Podocytes embrace the glomerular capillaries with foot processes, which are interconnected by a specialized adherens junction to ultimately form the filtration barrier. Altered adhesion and loss are common features of podocyte injury, which could be mediated by shedding of cell-adhesion molecules through the regulated activity of cell surface–expressed proteases. A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) is such a protease known to mediate ectodomain shedding of adhesion molecules, among others. Here we evaluate the involvement of ADAM10 in the process of antibody-induced podocyte injury.
The Basolateral Polarity Module Promotes Slit Diaphragm Formation in Drosophila Nephrocytes, a Model of Vertebrate Podocytes
Michael Mysh and John S. Poulton
doi : 10.1681/ASN.2020071050
JASN June 2021, 32 (6) 1409-1424
Background Podocyte slit diaphragms (SDs) are intercellular junctions that function as size-selective filters, excluding most proteins from urine. Abnormalities in SDs cause proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome. Podocytes exhibit apicobasal polarity, which can affect fundamental aspects of cell biology, including morphology, intercellular junction formation, and asymmetric protein distribution along the plasma membrane. Apical polarity protein mutations cause nephrotic syndrome, and data suggest apical polarity proteins regulate SD formation. However, there is no evidence that basolateral polarity proteins regulate SDs. Thus, the role of apicobasal polarity in podocytes remains unclear.
Medicaid Expansion and Incidence of Kidney Failure among Nonelderly Adults
Rebecca Thorsness, Shailender Swaminathan, Yoojin Lee, Benjamin D. Sommers, Rajnish Mehrotra, Kevin H. Nguyen, Daeho Kim, Maricruz Rivera-Hernandez and Amal N. Trivedi
doi : 10.1681/ASN.2020101511
JASN June 2021, 32 (6) 1425-1435
Background Low-income individuals without health insurance have limited access to health care. Medicaid expansions may reduce kidney failure incidence by improving access to chronic disease care.
Low Health Literacy is Associated with the Onset of CKD during the Life Course
Matheus S. Gurgel do Amaral, Sijmen A. Reijneveld, Bas Geboers, Gerjan J. Navis and Andrea F de Winter
doi : 10.1681/ASN.2020081155
JASN June 2021, 32 (6) 1436-1443
Background Health literacy, the ability to deal with information related to one’s health, is a predictor of health outcomes in CKD. However, research has not explored whether low health literacy predicts the onset of CKD.
Initial Effects of COVID-19 on Patients with ESKD
Eric D. Weinhandl, James B. Wetmore, Yi Peng, Jiannong Liu, David T. Gilbertson and Kirsten L. Johansen
doi : 10.1681/ASN.2021010009
JASN June 2021, 32 (6) 1444-1453
Background Reports from around the world have indicated a fatality rate of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the range of 20%–30% among patients with ESKD. Population-level effects of COVID-19 on patients with ESKD in the United States are uncertain.
National Estimates of CKD Prevalence and Potential Impact of Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate Without Race
Vishal Duggal, I-chun Thomas, Maria E. Montez-Rath, Glenn M. Chertow and Manjula Kurella Tamura
doi : 10.1681/ASN.2020121780
JASN June 2021, 32 (6) 1454-1463
Background The implications of removing the adjustment for Black race in equations to eGFR on the prevalence of CKD and management strategies are incompletely understood.
A Randomized Trial of Tenapanor and Phosphate Binders as a Dual-Mechanism Treatment for Hyperphosphatemia in Patients on Maintenance Dialysis (AMPLIFY)
Pablo E. Pergola, David P. Rosenbaum, Yang Yang and Glenn M. Chertow
doi : 10.1681/ASN.2020101398
JASN June 2021, 32 (6) 1465-1473
Background Hyperphosphatemia is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients receiving maintenance dialysis. It is unknown whether combining two therapies with different mechanisms of action—tenapanor, an inhibitor of paracellular phosphate absorption, and phosphate binders—is safe and effective for the management of hyperphosphatemia in patients receiving maintenance dialysis.
Safety and Efficacy of Vitamin K Antagonists versus Rivaroxaban in Hemodialysis Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
An S. De Vriese, Rogier Caluwé, Hans Van Der Meersch, Koen De Boeck and Dirk De Bacquer
doi : 10.1681/ASN.2020111566
JASN June 2021, 32 (6) 1474-1483
Background In patients with normal renal function or early stage CKD, the risk-benefit profile of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is superior to that of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). In patients on hemodialysis, the comparative efficacy and safety of DOACs versus VKAs are unknown.
Causal Effects of Positive Affect, Life Satisfaction, Depressive Symptoms, and Neuroticism on Kidney Function: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Sehoon Park, Soojin Lee, Yaerim Kim, Yeonhee Lee, Min Woo Kang, Kwangsoo Kim, Yong Chul Kim, Seung Seok Han, Hajeong Lee, Jung Pyo Lee, Kwon Wook Joo, Chun Soo Lim, Yon Su Kim and Dong Ki Kim
doi : 10.1681/ASN.2020071086
JASN June 2021, 32 (6) 1484-1496
Background Further investigation of the causal effects of psychologic wellbeing on kidney function is warranted.
Defects in KCNJ16 Cause a Novel Tubulopathy with Hypokalemia, Salt Wasting, Disturbed Acid-Base Homeostasis, and Sensorineural Deafness
Karl P. Schlingmann, Aparna Renigunta, Ewout J. Hoorn, Anna-Lena Forst, Vijay Renigunta, Velko Atanasov, Sinthura Mahendran, Tahsin Stefan Barakat, Valentine Gillion, Nathalie Godefroid, Alice S. Brooks, Dorien Lugtenberg, Jennifer Lake, Huguette Debaix, Christoph Rudin, Bertrand Knebelmann, Stephanie Tellier, Caroline Rousset-Rouvière, Daan Viering, Jeroen H. F. de Baaij, Stefanie Weber, Oleg Palygin, Alexander Staruschenko, Robert Kleta, Pascal Houillier, Detlef Bockenhauer, Olivier Devuyst, Rosa Vargas-Poussou, Richard Warth, Anselm A. Zdebik and Martin Konrad
doi : 10.1681/ASN.2020111587
JASN June 2021, 32 (6) 1498-1512
Background The transepithelial transport of electrolytes, solutes, and water in the kidney is a well-orchestrated process involving numerous membrane transport systems. Basolateral potassium channels in tubular cells not only mediate potassium recycling for proper Na+,K+-ATPase function but are also involved in potassium and pH sensing. Genetic defects in KCNJ10 cause EAST/SeSAME syndrome, characterized by renal salt wasting with hypokalemic alkalosis associated with epilepsy, ataxia, and sensorineural deafness.
Exploring the Complexity of Death-Censored Kidney Allograft Failure
Manuel Mayrdorfer, Lutz Liefeldt, Kaiyin Wu, Birgit Rudolph, Qiang Zhang, Frank Friedersdorff, Nils Lachmann, Danilo Schmidt, Bilgin Osmanodja, Marcel G. Naik, Wiebke Duettmann, Fabian Halleck, Marina Merkel, Eva Schrezenmeier, Johannes Waiser, Michael Duerr and Klemens Budde
doi : 10.1681/ASN.2020081215
JASN June 2021, 32 (6) 1513-1526
Background Few studies have thoroughly investigated the causes of kidney graft loss (GL), despite its importance.
Advance Care Planning in Older Adults with CKD: Patient, Care Partner, and Clinician Perspectives
Keren Ladin, Isabel Neckermann, Noah D’Arcangelo, Susan Koch-Weser, John B. Wong, Elisa J. Gordon, Ana Rossi, Dena Rifkin, Tamara Isakova and Daniel E. Weiner
doi : 10.1681/ASN.2020091298
JASN June 2021, 32 (6) 1527-1535
Background Older patients with advanced CKD are at high risk for serious complications and death, yet few discuss advance care planning (ACP) with their kidney clinicians. Examining barriers and facilitators to ACP among such patients might help identify patient-centered opportunities for improvement.
On the Increased Event Rate of Urinary Tract Infection and Pneumonia in CKD Patients Treated with Roxadustat for Anemia
Theodoros Eleftheriadis, Georgios Pissas, Vassilios Liakopoulos and Ioannis Stefanidis
doi : 10.1681/ASN.2021020204
JASN June 2021, 32 (6) 1537
Authors’ Reply
Steven Fishbane, Mohamed A. El-Shahawy, Bui Pham Van and Dustin J. Little
doi : 10.1681/ASN.2021030334
JASN June 2021, 32 (6) 1537-1538
How Many Disparate Measurements of Kidney Function Unfairly Allow Selected Candidates to Accumulate Time on the Deceased Donor Kidney Transplant Waiting List?
Robert W. Steiner
doi : 10.1681/ASN.2021030415
JASN June 2021, 32 (6) 1539-1540
Addendum: Passage of the Comprehensive Immunosuppressive Drug Coverage for Kidney Transplant Patients Act—a Chance to Celebrate and Reflect
doi : 10.1681/ASN.2021030427
JASN June 2021, 32 (6) 1540
