Initial approach to suspected bladder cancer

TURBT: transurethral resection of bladder tumors; EUA: examination under anesthesia.
* Biopsy of normal-appearing urothelium and prostate urethra in patients with positive cytology and no visually apparent tumor.
¶ Refer to the topic on malignancies of the renal pelvis and ureter.
Δ Low, medium, or high, based upon depth of invasion (Ta, Tis, T1) and degree of differentiation in TURBT specimen. Refer to the topic on treatment of urinary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
◊ Imaging and laboratory studies to assess optimal treatment approach.