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خرید پکیج
تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده : 3 مورد
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Patient-Determined Disease Steps (PDDS) in multiple sclerosis*

Patient-Determined Disease Steps (PDDS) in multiple sclerosis*
0 Normal: I may have some mild symptoms, mostly sensory, due to MS, but they do not limit my activity. If I do have an attack, I return to normal when the attack has passed.
1 Mild disability: I have some noticeable symptoms from my MS, but they are minor and have only a small effect on my lifestyle.
2 Moderate disability: I don't have any limitations in my walking ability. However, I do have significant problems due to MS that limit daily activities in other ways.
3 Gait disability: MS does interfere with my activities, especially my walking. I can work a full day, but athletic or physically demanding activities are more difficult than they used to be. I usually don't need a cane or other assistance to walk, but I might need some assistance during an attack.
4 Early cane: I use a cane or a single crutch or some other form of support (such as touching a wall or leaning on someone's arm) for walking all the time or part of the time, especially when walking outside. I think I can walk 25 feet in 20 seconds without a cane or crutch. I always need some assistance (cane or crutch) if I want to walk as far as three blocks.
5 Late cane: To be able to walk 25 feet, I have to have a cane, crutch, or someone to hold onto. I can get around the house or other buildings by holding onto furniture or touching the walls for support. I may use a scooter or wheelchair if I want to go greater distances.
6 Bilateral support: To be able to walk as far as 25 feet I must have two canes or crutches or a walker. I may use a scooter or wheelchair for longer distances.
7 Wheelchair/scooter: My main form of mobility is a wheelchair. I may be able to stand and/or take one or two steps, but I can't walk 25 feet, even with crutches or a walker.
8 Bedridden: Unable to sit in a wheelchair for more than one hour.
MS: multiple sclerosis.
* This non-copyrighted scale is an expanded version of Disease Steps introduced by Hohol et al[1,2].
References:
  1. Hohol MJ, Orav EJ, Weiner HL. Disease steps in multiple sclerosis: a simple approach to evaluate disease progression. Neurology 1995; 45:251.
  2. Hohol MJ, Orav EJ, Weiner HL. Disease steps in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal study comparing disease steps and EDSS to evaluate disease progression. Mult Scler 1999; 5:349.
Reproduced from: Kister I, Chamot E, Salter AR, et al. Disability in multiple sclerosis: a reference for patients and clinicians. Neurology 2013; 80:1018.
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