Upper airway anatomic regions and structures

Nasal

• Nares
• Nasal valves
• Septum
• Inferior turbinates
• External cartilages (upper and lower lateral cartilages)
• Nasal bones

Oral

• Mandible
• Maxilla/hard palate
• Oral tongue
• Teeth

Upper pharyngeal (nasopharynx, velopharynx, upper oropharynx)

• Adenoid
• Soft palate
• Palatopharyngeus muscle
• Tonsils

Lower pharyngeal (lower oropharynx, hypopharynx)

• Tongue base
• Lingual tonsil
• Lateral pharyngeal wall