Version May 2024
| Viral infections associated with rash | |
| Rubella | Rubella infection is characterized by rash (resembling measles), fever, and lymphadenopathy (postauricular, posterior cervical, and/or suboccipital adenopathy); in general, symptoms are relatively mild. |
| Erythema infectiosum or "fifth disease" (human parvovirus B19) | Children often develop a characteristic rash with a "slapped cheeks" appearance. |
| Roseola infantum or exanthem subitum (human herpesvirus 6 or 7) | Primarily seen in infants and young children; roseola infantum is characterized by high fever (3 to 4 days) followed by generalized maculopapular rash that spreads from the trunk to the face and extremities. |
| Infectious mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr virus or cytomegalovirus) | Infectious mononucleosis is characterized by pharyngitis, fever, and lymphadenopathy. Maculopapular rash usually occurs following administration of ampicillin. |
| HIV infection | Primary HIV infection is characterized by fever, sore throat, malaise, headache, lymphadenopathy, and mucocutaneous ulceration. A transient, maculopapular, nonpruritic rash, located on the trunk or face, may occur 2 to 4 weeks after the primary HIV infection. |
| Bacterial infections associated with rash | |
| Scarlet fever | Scarlet fever is characterized by pharyngitis due to group A Streptococcus infection, accompanied by a coarse, sandpaper-like, erythematous, blanching rash. |
| Mycoplasma infection | Mycoplasma infection is characterized by respiratory tract infection; in some cases, there may be associated mild erythematous maculopapular or vesicular rash. Rarely, erythema multiforme or Stevens-Johnson syndrome occurs. |
| Autoimmune connective tissue disease associated with rash | |
| Juvenile idiopathic arthritis and adult-onset Still disease | Rash consists of evanescent, salmon pink maculopapular rash occurring with fever. The rash predominantly involves the trunk and extremities but can also involve the palms, soles, and occasionally the face. |
| Acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus | Rash consists of widespread eruption, often focused over the extensor aspects of the arms and hands; it is typically precipitated or exacerbated by exposure to ultraviolet light. |
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