Version July 2025
| Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia |
| Hepatic cirrhosis |
| Penetrating chest trauma |
| Mitral stenosis |
| Schistosomiasis |
| Actinomycosis |
| Fanconi's syndrome |
| Metastatic thyroid carcinoma |
| Status post surgery for congenital heart disease |
| Idiopathic |
