Diencephalic and cerebral lesions in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

A variety of brain lesion patterns are associated with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Axial T2-weighted FLAIR MRI from two patients demonstrates lesions involving the right thalamus (A, arrow) and the hypothalamus (B, arrows). Axial T2-weighted FLAIR MRI shows an extensive subcortical white matter lesion (C, arrow) that enhances after gadolinium administration on T1-weighted sequences (D, arrow). Chronic longitudinally extensive and linear corpus callosum lesions are depicted on sagittal T2-weighted FLAIR MRI (E, arrows). Coronal T2-weighted FLAIR MRI shows longitudinal involvement of the corticospinal tract extending to the cerebral peduncle and pons (F, arrows). Acute periependymal cerebral lesions from one patient are depicted using sagittal (G, arrow) and axial (H, arrows) T2-weighted FLAIR MRI and axial T1-weighted MRI with gadolinium (I, arrows).