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خرید پکیج
تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده : 3 مورد
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Prenatal and perinatal factors associated with an increased risk of cerebral palsy*

Prenatal and perinatal factors associated with an increased risk of cerebral palsy*
  Estimated risk
Prematurity
GA <28 weeks OR 60.9, 95% CI 34.3-108.0
GA 28 to 31 weeks OR 32.0, 95% CI 20.6-49.5
GA 32 to 36 weeks OR 5.0, 95% CI 2.9-8.6
Low birth weight
<1500 g OR 44.5, 95% CI 35.6-55.5
1500 to 2499 g OR 7.6, 95% CI 6.0-9.7
Intrauterine infection
Any maternal infection during pregnancy RR 2.5, 95% CI 1.9-3.2
Maternal chorioamnionitis RR 2.9, 95% CI 2.0-4.2
Preeclampsia OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.5-2.5
Placental abruption OR 10.9, 95% CI 8.4-14.1
Multiple pregnancy OR 3.7, 95% CI 3.0-4.5
Heavy maternal alcohol consumption OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.3-8.5
Maternal smoking HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-2.9
Maternal trauma during pregnancy HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.18-1.50
Maternal obesity (prepregnancy BMI ≥30) RR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.2
Small size for gestational age OR 3.7, 95% CI 3.1-4.4
Other congenital abnormalities OR 5.2, 95% CI 2.8-9.7
Apgar <7 at 5 minutes OR 27.0, 95% CI 23.5-31.2
Neonatal infection OR 14.7, 95% CI 1.7-126.5
Respiratory distress syndrome HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.4-3.1
Requiring mechanical ventilation after birth OR 2.4, 95% CI 2.4-4.5
Requiring antibiotic therapy after birth OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.2
Neonatal seizures OR 7.4, 95% CI 4.8-11.6

GA: gestational age; OR: odds ratio; RR: relative risk; HR: hazard ratio; BMI: body mass index; CP: cerebral palsy.

* This table summarizes prenatal and perinatal factors that have been reported to be associated with an increased risk of CP. Studies have identified associations with these factors and CP; however, in most cases, a causal relationship has not been established. While the estimated risks associated with individual factors are presented, in many cases, CP is multifactorial and multiple risk factors coexist. In most studies, prematurity and low birth weight are the strongest and most consistent predictors of CP.

¶ Baseline risk of CP is approximately 0.2%.
References:
  1. Hirvonen M, Ojala R, Korhonen P, et al. Cerebral palsy among children born moderately and late preterm. Pediatrics 2014; 134:e1584.
  2. Hjern A, Thorngren-Jerneck K. Perinatal complications and socio-economic differences in cerebral palsy in Sweden - a national cohort study. BMC Pediatr 2008; 8:49.
  3. O'Leary CM, Watson L, D'Antoine H, et al. Heavy maternal alcohol consumption and cerebral palsy in the offspring. Dev Med Child Neurol 2012; 54:224.
  4. Streja E, Miller JE, Bech BH, et al. Congenital cerebral palsy and prenatal exposure to self-reported maternal infections, fever, or smoking. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 209:332.e1.
  5. Croen LA, Grether JK, Curry CJ, Nelson KB. Congenital abnormalities among children with cerebral palsy: More evidence for prenatal antecedents. J Pediatr 2001; 138:804.
  6. Ahlin K, Himmelmann K, Hagberg G, et al. Cerebral palsy and perinatal infection in children born at term. Obstet Gynecol 2013; 122:41.
  7. Ayubi E, Sarhadi S, Mansori K. Maternal infection during pregnancy and risk of cerebral palsy in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Child Neurol 2021; 36:385.
  8. Thygesen SK, Olsen M, Østergaard JR, Sørensen HT. Respiratory distress syndrome in moderately late and late preterm infants and risk of cerebral palsy: a population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011643.
  9. Forthun I, Wilcox AJ, Strandberg-Larsen K, et al. Maternal Prepregnancy BMI and Risk of Cerebral Palsy in Offspring. Pediatrics 2016; 138.
  10. Ahmed A, Rosella LC, Oskoui M, et al. In Utero Exposure to Maternal Injury and the Associated Risk of Cerebral Palsy. JAMA Pediatr 2023; 177:53.
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