Version May 2024
| Systolic murmurs: |
| Stenotic semilunar valves: Valvar PS or AS |
| Stenotic intracardiac lesions: Subvalvar PS or AS, double chamber right ventricle |
| Stenotic intravascular lesions: Supravalvar PS or AS, CoA, PPS |
| Regurgitant AV valves: MR, TR |
| Increased flow across normal semilunar valves: Tachycardia, anemia, "relative PS" associated with right ventricular volume overload (eg, ASD) |
| Left-to-right shunt across VSD |
| Normal cardiac anatomy (innocent murmur) |
| Diastolic murmurs: |
| Regurgitant flow across semilunar valves: PR or AR |
| Turbulent flow across AV valves: MS or TS |
| Increased flow across normal AV valves ("relative AV valve stenosis"): ASDs, VSDs, or PDAs with high degree of left-to-right shunting [Qp:Qs >2]; severe MR or TR with increased flow across the affected valve in diastole |
| Continuous murmurs: |
| Connection between systemic and pulmonary circulation: PDA, surgically created systemic-pulmonary artery shunts, aortopulmonary collateral artery, aortopulmonary window, anomalous left coronary artery arising from the main pulmonary artery |
| Connection between systemic artery and systemic vein: AVM |
| Connection between systemic artery and cardiac chambers: Coronary arteriovenous fistula, ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm |
| Disturbed flow in arteries: Collateral flow associated with severe coarctation of the aorta |
| Disturbed flow in veins: Venous hum |
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