Nutritional recommendations for adults with nondialysis chronic kidney disease

Protein	Limit to approximately 0.8 g/kg/day^*, increase plant sources.
Sodium	<2 g/day for individuals who are hypertensive, volume overloaded, or proteinuric.
Potassium	Individualize to keep the serum potassium within a normal range.
Calcium	Limit to approximately 1.0 g/day from both dietary and medication sources^¶.
Phosphorus	0.8 to 1 g/day for individuals with elevated levels of serum phosphorus or PTH^Δ. Increase vegetable sources and avoid processed foods as much as possible.
Caloric intake	25 to 35 kcal/kg/day; <30% of total calories from fat and <10% of total fat from saturated fat; DASH diet pattern highly recommended.
Fiber	25 to 34 g/day.

DASH: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; PTH: parathyroid hormone.

* We do not restrict protein intake among patients with nephrotic syndrome.

¶ Some clinicians target a more liberal total calcium intake of <1.5 g/day.

Δ We do not restrict dietary phosphorus intake in patients with CKD who have normal serum levels of phosphorus and PTH.

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