Category | Feature | Risk (given as relative risk [RR] with 95% CI unless indicated otherwise) |
Genotype | Xeroderma pigmentosum | Approximately 1 in every 5 patients will develop melanoma[1] |
CDKN2A Suspected in:
| 35- to 70-fold[2] 67% lifetime risk | |
CDK4 (very rare) | Significantly elevated[3] | |
BRCA2 – Familial breast and ovarian cancer | 2.58 (1.28-5.17)[4] | |
MC1R Suspected in:
| 2-3.5[2] | |
OCA2 Suspected in:
| Slightly increased risk, independent of phenotype | |
Personal history of skin cancer | Melanoma | 1 to 8% of melanoma patients will be diagnosed with another melanoma[5] |
Nonmelanoma skin cancer (including actinic damage) | 4.28 (2.80-6.55)[6] | |
Family history | Any | 1.74 (1.41-2.14)[6] |
Parent | 2.40 (2.10-2.72)[7] 3.2 (2.6-3.9) for North American males*[8] 4.4 (3.5-5.2) for North American females | |
Sibling | 2.98 (2.54-3.47)[7] 3.2 (2.6-3.9) for North American males[8] 4.4 (3.5-5.2) for North American females[8] | |
2 first-degree relatives | 8.92 (4.25-15.31)[7] | |
Parent with multiple primary melanomas | 61.78 (5.82-227.19)[7] | |
Atypical nevi[9] | 0 | 1.00 |
1 | 1.45 (1.31-1.60) | |
2 | 2.10 (1.71-2.54) | |
3 | 3.03 (2.23-4.06) | |
4 | 4.39 (2.91-6.47) | |
5 | 6.36 (3.80-10.33) | |
Common nevi[9] | 0 to 15 | 1.00 |
16 to 40 | 1.47 (1.36-1.59) | |
41 to 60 | 2.24 (1.90-2.64) | |
61 to 80 | 3.26 (2.55-4.15) | |
81 to 100 | 4.74 (3.44-6.53) | |
101 to 120 | 6.89 (4.63-10.25) | |
Phenotypic traits[6] | ||
Hair color | Red versus dark | 3.64 (2.56-5.37) |
Blond versus dark | 1.96 (1.41-2.74) | |
Light brown versus dark | 1.62 (1.11-2.34) | |
Freckles | High versus low density | 2.10 (1.80-2.45) |
Eye color | Light (green, hazel, blue) versus dark | Approximately 1.5 |
Sun exposure | Intermittent | 2.35 (1.78-3.09)[6] |
Chronic | 0.98 (0.85-1.12) | |
Sunburn history | 2.02 (1.73-2.34) | |
Tanning salon | Ever versus never, 1.15 (1.00-1.31)[10] |
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