Possible causes of delayed emergence or hypoactive emergence delirium

Drug effects

Metabolic or temperature derangements

Neurologic disorders

Opioids
Benzodiazepines
Sedative-hypnotic agents
Volatile inhalational anesthetics
Anticholinergic agents
Neuromuscular blockers
Preoperative self-administered prescription or illicit drugs or alcohol

Hypoxemia
Hypercapnia
Hypothermia
Hyperthermia
Hypoglycemia
Hyperglycemia
Electrolyte imbalance
- Hyponatremia
- Hypernatremia
- Hypermagnesemia
- Hypercalcemia
Hypothyrodism

Acute stroke
Seizures
Elevated intracranial pressure
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Hyperperfusion syndrome

Adapted from: Black S, Enneking FK, Cucchiara RF. Failure to awaken after general anesthesia due to cerebrovascular events. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 1998; 10:10.

Graphic 106211 Version 5.0

خرید پکیج

Possible causes of delayed emergence or hypoactive emergence delirium