Commonly used surgical techniques for treating hyperparathyroidism in ESKD patients include subtotal/near-total parathyroidectomy and total parathyroidectomy with or without autotransplantation. The choice of techniques is dictated by whether or not the patient is a candidate for a renal transplant. Whenever feasible, a thymectomy and parathyroid tissue cryopreservation should be performed with the primary procedure.