Version June 2024
| Abnormality | Number of confirmed infections at prenatal and/or postnatal imaging | Number of presumed infections with microcephaly and calcifications on CT images or postnatal MR images | Comments |
| Parenchymal volume loss | 17 (100) | 28 (100) | – |
| Mild to moderate | 6 (35) | 17 (61) | – |
| Severe | 12 (70) | 11 (39) | – |
| Cortical abnormalities | 16 (94) | 28 (100) | Fifteen subjects were categorized as having both polymicrogyria and irregular areas of sulci and/or gyri not otherwise specified. |
| Lissencephaly | 2 (12) | 6 (21) | – |
| Polymicrogyria or pachygyria | 11 (65) | 14 (50) | – |
| Irregular areas of sulci and/or gyri not otherwise specified | 5 (29) | 21 (75) | – |
| Corpus callosum abnormalities | 16 (94) | 22 (78) | CT findings of agenesis and/or dysgenesis of the corpus callosum were frequently difficult owing to relatively large fornices and some anterior corpus callosum being present, but pronounced colpocephaly without visualization of the body of the corpus callosum was used for this diagnosis at CT. At MR imaging and US, direct visualization of the corpus callosum was used for diagnosis. |
| Ventriculomegaly | 16 (94) | 27 (96) | It can be difficult to characterize ventriculomegaly as mild or moderate, since the occipital horns were often dilated out of proportion to the frontal horns owing to parieto-occipital gray and white matter loss. Asymmetrical ventirculomegaly was observed in 6 of 17 and 5 of 28 of the confirmed and presumed infections, respectively. |
| Mild | 4 (24) | 5 (18) | – |
| Moderate | 7 (41) | 9 (32) | – |
| Severe | 5 (29) | 13 (46) | – |
| Septations in occipital horns | 5 (29) | 3 (11) | – |
| Cerebellum abnormalities | 14 (82) | 21 (75) | Twelve subjects had abnormalities of cerebellar hemispheres and vermis. |
| Hemisphere hypoplasia or maldevelopment | 14 (82) | 11 (39) | – |
| Vermis hypoplasia | 10 (59) | 19 (68) | – |
| Brainstem hypoplasia and/or atrophy | 12 (70) | 6 (21) | The high percentage in the confirmed infections reflects that these are predominantly prenatally diagnosed infections compared with the presumed infections, which has many neonates with only postnatal images. Prenatal imaging includes sagittal fetal MR imaging, which allows for better visualization of the brainstem compared with axial postnatal CT. |
| Calcifications | 17 (100) | 28 (100) | This was an inclusion criterion for the presumed infection cohort. |
| Periventricular | 11 (65) | 4 (14) | All instances with periventricular calcifications had the periventricular calcifications in areas of parenchymal thinning. |
| Cortical | 4 (24) | 4 (14) | At times, a layered appearance can be seen with cortical, gray, and white matter. |
| Gray matter-white matter junction | 15 (88) | 28 (100) | – |
| Basal ganglia and/or thalamus | 11 (65) | 18 (64) | – |
| Brainstem | 3 (18) | 4 (14) | – |
| Cerebellum | 1 (6) | 1 (4) | – |
| Soft tissues of the neck | 0 | 1 (4) | – |
| Heterogeneous material, some of which could be thrombus in the region of the confluence of sinuses | 9 (53) | 8 (28) | At unenhanced CT, it is helpful to compare material in the confluence of the sinuses region to the basilar artery to determine if the attenuating and/or heterogeneous material is due to thrombus rather than dehydration and hemoconcentration effect. |
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